Liberal Feminism: Emphasizing Individualism and Equal Rights in Meena Kandasamy’s When I Hit You

Liberal feminism is the emerging mainstream feminism that spotlights gender inequality and women’s liberation within the context of liberal democracy. The aim of the study focuses on the perspectives of liberal feminism using prominent ideas of liberal thinkers in Meena Kandasamy’s award-winning novel When I Hit You: Or, A Portrait of the Writer as a Young Wife (2017). The methodology of the study includes concepts of liberal feminism in the text, and it is substantiated and explored using the ideologies of notable liberal thinkers such as Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Women, Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique and John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty and The Subjection of Women. The protagonist’s transition from a submissive to a self-liberated persona strengthens the novel’s credibility as a liberal feminist text. The paper also attempts to show that the concepts of liberal feminism very well appear in the selected text.

AN ANALYSIS OF FEMINISM IN MERRY RIANA : MIMPI SEJUTA DOLAR MOVIE

In literary works, films cannot be separated from life, one of which discusses the issue of discrimination against women, a phenomenon that continues to be actively debated in society and gave birth to the feminism movement. Feminism can also appear through films, one of which is Merry Riana. Therefore, this paper aims to find out what is meant by feminism and how feminism is reflected in films and associated with liberal feminism. This study uses a qualitative method with sources from the original Merry Riana video. The writer uses data collection techniques from online sources. The data were collected by watching the film and understanding the film's dialogue several times and making observations to strengthen the analysis using the semiotic theory by Charles Sanders Pierce. The results of this study indicate that: (1) 8 data indicate the presence of elements of feminism in Merry Riana's action. (2) Feminism is shown through Signs, Objects and Interpreters. (3) In liberal feminism, it proves that women are not only focused on the private sphere, but can also be in the public sphere. Key words: Literature, Movie, Merry Riana, Feminism

double role of Hindu women in Bandar Lampung

This study focuses on (1) the dual roles of Hindu women in Bandar Lampung, (2) the forms of the dual roles of Hindu women in Bandar Lampung, (3) the implications of the dual roles of Hindu women in Bandar Lampung for themselves, their families, and society. The theories used in this study include the first theory of Abraham Harold Maslow's motivation which emphasizes the hierarchy of needs and motivations, the second theory of Liberal Feminism in dismantling the concept of patriarchy, and the third, the theory of Hegemony to dissect the problems regarding the implications of Hindu women for themselves, their families, and implications for society in Bandar Lampung. This study uses a phenomenological approach with a critical emancipatory knowledge paradigm. The method used is observation, interviews and literature study with data analysis techniques with qualitative interpretation to explain the sociological phenomena observed in the field in accordance with the meaning given by the research subjects. The results of this study indicate that (1) The reasons why Hindu women have a dual role are due to economic reasons, social reasons, cultural reasons, reasons for patriarchal domination, and religious reasons.

Edna Pontellier's endeavors as the main character in Kate Chopin’s "The Awakening" in the nineteenth-century liberal feminism

This study analyzed the struggle of Edna Pontellier in the 19th-century liberal feminism in the novel entitled The Awakening written by Kate Chopin. Liberal feminism assumes that the main problem of gender inequality is the domination of institutions by men. Men control the economic sphere, political sphere, along with other things. 19th-century liberal feminism put its focus on women's equal liberty. In general, the novel is about Edna Pontellier, the woman who was trapped in the figure of a mother and wife. She struggled as a woman in the 19th-century to get equal liberty and follow her desires. The researcher used the qualitative method in analyzing the struggle of Edna Pontellier. The results of this study show Edna’s struggles to pursue her desires through Mill and Taylor’s 19th-century liberal feminism theory. She wanted to get the same political rights, economic opportunities, and education that men get. The results also showed the two things that lead Edna to become a figure of liberal feminism: an unhappy married life and her desire to free herself.

Feminisme Liberal dalam Anime Kidō Senshi Gandamu Tekketsu No Orufenzu Karya Tatsuyuki Nagai

This research is entitled "Liberal Feminism in Kidō Senshi Gandamu Tekketsu no Orufenzu Anime by Tatsuyuki Nagai". Purpose of this this research of this study is to determine the form of liberal feminism from the main female character and the existence of female characters in Kidō Senshi Gandamu Tekketsu no Orufenzu Anime. In analysis, the theories used in this research are liberal feminism theory by Tong and sociology of literature by Wellek and Werren. Based on the analysis results, it was found that the liberal feminism that appears in the anime Kidō Senshi Gandamu Tekketsu No Orufenzu contained in the Kudelia character is the image of women, the position of women, intellectual women, and women who have a high degree of curiosity. Efforts to enforce the existence of women are seen from the existence of female characters.

Representasi Feminisme Pada Film Disney Live-Action Mulan

Film is a mass media that presents a story in audio-visual form. This research aims to see how are the representation of feminism in the Disney Live-Action Mulan film. The method used is descriptive qualitative research methods with semiotic as data analysis techniques. Data are collected using the methods of documentation, observation, and literature study. The signs of the film were analyzed using Roland Barthes' semiotic model two-stage of signification, which are the denotation, connotation, and myth stages. This film shows the discrimination that happened in women due to patriarchal ideology. The results of this study indicate that the Disney Live-Action Mulan film dominantly represents the flow of liberal feminism, existentialism feminism, and radical-libertarian feminism through its main character, Hua Mulan. Hua Mulan's feminist behavior can be seen from her that are opposing discrimination and standards as a woman, performing male roles, able to be a leader, takes risks and being responsible, independent, able to gets recognition, and proving that she is able to give honor to her family. This film has a meaning that a woman can give honor to her family by being herself, and can have the right to be treated equally and also the right to determine and be responsible for her way of life.Film merupakan salah satu jenis media massa yang menampilkan cerita dengan bentuk audio visual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana representasi feminisme pada film Disney Live-Action Mulan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik analisis data semiotika. Data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan metode dokumentasi, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Tanda-tanda dari film dianalisis dengan menggunakan model semiotika signifikasi dua tahap Roland Barthes yaitu tahap denotasi, konotasi, dan mitos. Film ini memperlihatkan diskriminasi yang terjadi pada perempuan yang disebabkan ideologi patriarki. Film Disney Live-Action Mulan secara dominan merepresentasikan aliran feminisme liberal, feminisme eksistensialisme, dan feminisme radikal-libertarian lewat tokoh utamanya yaitu Hua Mulan. Perilaku feminisme Hua Mulan terlihat dari perilakunya yang melawan diskriminasi serta standar sebagai perempuan, mampu melakukan peran laki-laki, menjadi pemimpin, berani mengambil resiko dan bertanggung jawab, independen, mendapat pengakuan dan membuktikkan bahwa ia mampu memberi kehormatan untuk keluarganya. Film ini dapat memiliki makna bahwa seorang perempuan dapat memberikan kehormatan pada keluarganya dengan menjadi dirinya sendiri, dan dapat memiliki hak untuk diperlalukan secara setara dan hak untuk menentukan dan bertanggung jawab atas jalan hidupnya sendiri.

Women development in agriculture as agency for fostering innovative agricultural financing in Nigeria

The significant contribution of women in agricultural development cannot be over-emphasised. Women farmers are commonly side-lined and their efforts under-valued in conventional agricultural and economic evaluations despite the substantial impact they have made in the sector. Globally, women’s contributions to the agricultural sector have been appraised as the world’s major producers and organisers of food crops where half of the world’s foods have been grown by them. In Africa, Nigeria included, women dominate and play major roles in producing subsistence crops and livestock. Their contribution to agriculture is estimated to be 65% in Nigeria. However, their contributions are undermined largely because women are often economically marginalised. Though women are food producers for most of the households in rural areas, their marginalisation has been historical. Factors hindering women from accessing agricultural financing include patriarchy, an unfavourable land tenure system that deprives women of access to collateral security in accessing bank loans and the vagueness of women’s limited self-agency. Anchored in patriarchal and liberal feminism theories, this study examines how Nigerian women are marginalised in selected spheres of agrarian livelihoods in the south-eastern parts of Nigeria. South-East Nigerian women farmers participate fully in all key stages of farming activities such as production, processing and marketing of food crops. The Igbo men cultivate mainly cash crops. Similarly, in the Northern parts of Nigeria, women are only allowed to participate in certain stages of cash crop growing but they are fully allowed to engage in subsistence farming as they are relegated to home front activities. Patriarchy limits women's access and control over land resources in all forms. Patriarchal and liberal feminism denoted that the actions and ideas of male farmers dominant over those of women has prevented female farmers the autonomy and freedom to become rational beings. This paper recommends mainstreaming of gender in the design, implementation and monitoring of agricultural policies and programmes for inclusive financing for food security and sustainable development.

Liberal Feminism: from Biblical Tradition to the Emergence of CEDAW

: Liberal Feminism is an ideology that advocates for equal opportunities for men and women in a variety of areas, including employment, health, education, marriage, and family life, as well as public life and politics. Ideologically, Liberal Feminism emerged from the belief that Biblical Tradition, as documented in its verses, set women apart from men. This study would look at the connection between Biblical culture dominating women's positions in Western civilization and the advent of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). The investigation would include the patriarchal ideology found in Biblical Tradition, the notion of gender emancipation. In order to answer this research question, this research will use the method of ‘Discourse Analysis' to address the roots of Liberal Feminism as they are found in the Biblical Tradition and the method of ‘Document Analysis' to elaborate on CEDAW records. This study concludes that there is a strong connection between Biblical values and the concept of Liberal Feminism as it is embodied in CEDAW.

Feminism Study of the Novel “Catatan Juang” by Fiersa Besari

This study aims to explain the feminism of the Suar character in the novel “Catatan Juang” by Fiersa Besari in terms of liberalist feminism and post-modern feminism. This research method is a qualitative descriptive method. The source of data in this research is the novel "Catatan Juang" by Fiersa Besari. The research data is in the form of the depiction of the main character in the novel. The results of this study indicate that,1) the liberal feminism of the Suar character who wants to be considered equal to men through strengthening in the public space, and 2) the post-modern feminism of the Suar character which shows the equality of men and women based on language and thought patterns.