Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change: Issues for Developing Countries

One of the burning issues of the world is climate change. The objective of this paper is to review the issues of agricultural adaptation to climate change in the context of developing countries. Literature review type methodology is used here. Total 54 numbers of secondary materials comprising journal articles, books, working papers and documents are used for this research. It is found that Climate Change is real but highly uncertain. It poses threat to agricultural sector of developing countries and adaptation would be a possible solution. Apart from the perception of farmers other factors like the farm family characteristics (e.g. farmers’ education level, farm size, and farm’s financial health) and government support (e.g. access to extension, credit and climate information) could be the potential factors to influence adaptation. There could also be several barriers to adaptation from farmers’ perspective in the face of climate change. Lack of awareness, access to credit, information, knowledge and education to evaluate and implement new methods are the major constraint on adaptation. The appropriate science, actions and policy is required to improve the capacity and to facilitate adaptation in developing countries. JEL Classification Code: Q02; Q18

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Climate Change Adaptation Policy in Malaysia: Issues for Agricultural Sector

10.31219/osf.io/gjcd5 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Mahmudul Alam ◽

Chamhuri Siwar ◽

Basri Talib ◽

Mazlin Mokhtar ◽

Mohd Ekhwan bin Toriman

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Climatic Changes ◽

Agricultural Sustainability ◽

Climate Factors ◽

Adaptation Policy ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Agricultural Adaptation ◽

Adverse Impacts

Malaysia is one of the highly vulnerable countries due to climatic changes. Here the changes in climate factors cause adverse impacts on agricultural sustainability and relevant livelihood sustainability. To adapt to these changes a prudent adaptation policy is very important. Several countries follow different adaptation policy based on their localized socioeconomic and geographical status. While defining its adaptation policy, Malaysia also needs to consider several crucial factors. This study discusses issues relevant to the farmers’ adaptation to climate change in Malaysia and also provides few recommendations that will help policy makers to prepare the agricultural adaptation policy for climate change

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Agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change impacts in Africa: a review

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21984 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 407-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

OM Akinnagbe ◽

IJ Irohibe

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Management Practices ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Adaptation Strategies ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Agricultural Adaptation ◽

Resistant Varieties

Climate change is expected to intensify existing problems and create new combinations of risks, particularly in Africa. The situation is made worst due to factor such as widespread poverty, over dependence on rain fed agriculture, inequitable land distribution, limited access to capital and technology, inadequate public infrastructure, such as roads, long term weather forecasts and inadequate research and extension. By lessening the severity of key damages to the agricultural sector, adaptation is the key defensive measure. Adaptation to climate change involves changes in agricultural management practices in response to changes in climate conditions. This paper reviews agricultural adaptation strategies employed by farmers in various countries in Africa in cushioning the effects of climate change. The common agricultural adaptation strategies used by farmers were the use of drought resistant varieties of crops, crop diversification, changes in cropping pattern and calendar of planting, conserving soil moisture through appropriate tillage methods, improving irrigation efficiency, and afforestation and agro-forestry. The paper concluded that improving and strengthening human capital through education, outreach programmes, extension services at all levels will improve capacity to adapt to climate change impact. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21984 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 407-418, September 2014

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Farmers Perception and Agricultural Adaptation of Climate Change in Drought Prone Areas of Bangladesh

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v9i1.30308 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

MN Islam ◽

MS Hossen

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Winter Season ◽

Summer Season ◽

Farm Size ◽

Annual Income ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Interview Schedule ◽

Agricultural Adaptation

The study was conducted at the selected areas of Bangladesh (Ishwardi and Lalpur upazila). It consisted of 80 randomly selected farmers through an interview schedule to identify the respondent's perception and their agricultural adaptation to climate change. The findings of the study indicate that the farmer?s perception about climate change was reasonable for the majority of farmers; majority of (47.5%) farmers claimed that annual precipitation was decreased, 57.5% farmers claimed that summer season temperature was increased, 48.75% farmers claimed that winter season temperature was decreased and 51.25% farmers claimed that yearly mean temperature was increased. However, 38.75% farmers said that the intensity of drought was increased and 58.75% farmers said that the intensity of hotness in summer season was increased. The finding of the study indicates that 70% of the farmers had medium agricultural adaptation capability compare to 23.75% farmers had low and 6.25% farmers had high agricultural adaptation capability. Education, farm size, annual income, credit received, cosmopoliteness had significant relationship with their agricultural adaptation to climate change.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(1): 147-150 2016

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Diversification of Farmer Income in West Java

AFEBI Economic and Finance Review ◽

10.47312/aefr.v2i01.52 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (01) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Adhitya Wardhana ◽

Reni Tri Handayani ◽

Eksa Pamungkas

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Household Income ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Household Head ◽

Jel Classification ◽

West Java ◽

Access To Credit ◽

Household Level ◽

The Impact

Agricultural land has decreased the impact on farmers in meeting their needs. The transition to agriculture complicates industry in its effort to meet the needs of farmers. Another issue, climate change will disrupt plant crops that will result in inefficient farming. Farming inefficiencies are a reason for farmers to diversify. This study was based on a micro data survey data of agricultural enterprise household income in the Regencies / Cities of West Java on a household level. Limits of household income diversification of farming is when the household has to venture outside the agricultural sector or one of the cores and the sources of income comes from salaries / wages of laborers / employees outside the agricultural sector. The results showed that with the increasing age of the household head the diversity decreases, the higher the education of the head of household the more it encourages the diversification of income, the more the additional land area increases diversification, the easier access to credit for adding revenue diversification, increasing the income of farmers that tend not to diversify, the more houses and stairs in school which support farmers to diversify, the more productive the household income lowers with diversification. JEL Classification: D31, O12, O13 Keywords: Climate Change, Diversify, Diversity of Income, Farming, Inefficiency

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Determinants of Farmers Adaptation to Climate Change. A Case from Nawalparasi District of Nepal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v4i6.476-480.657 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Jeevan Lamichhane ◽

Durga Bahadur RanaBhat ◽

Ankit Koirala ◽

Dipesh Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Household Head ◽

Adaptation Strategies ◽

Farm Size ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Access To Credit ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Marginal Effects ◽

Potential Factors ◽

The Impact

A field survey was conducted to study the factor that determines farmers’ decisions to adapt to climate change in Deurali and Agyouli V.D.Cs of Nawalparasi District. Altogether 180 household, 90 from each V.D.C were selected randomly for the study. A logit regression model was employed in the study. However, in order to measure the magnitude of the impact of the explanatory variables on the decision of the farmer to adapt to climate change marginal effects were computed. The study uses a binary dependent variable taking the value 1 if the farmer adapted to climate change and 0 otherwise. A farmer is considered to have adapted to climate change if he/she has employed at least one of the adaptation strategies such as early and late planting, use of drought resistant crops, zero tillage operation, crop diversification, use of mulching and composting of weeds to control water loss and conserving moisture in the field. This current research considers the following as potential factors determining farmers’ decisions to adapt to climate change; economically active members, education of the household head, farm size, annual cash earnings, access to credit, training and extension. Findings reveal that these factors influence farmers’ decisions to adapt to climate change in Nawalparasi District and marginal effects computed showed that per unit increase in these variables increased the probability of practicing different adaptation strategies by 4.3%, 31.4%, 3%, 1.5%, 17%, 66% respectively. The log likelihood was computed to be -43.45. Psuedo. R2 was calculated to be 39%.

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DISSEMINATION AND USE OF INFORMATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF FARMERS IN MALUGA AND CHIBELA VILLAGES IN SEMI-ARID CENTRAL TANZANIA

Mousaion ◽

10.25159/0027-2639/157 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Emmanuel Elia ◽

Stephen Mutula ◽

Christine Stilwell

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Data Collection ◽

Diffusion Of Innovations ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Climate Change And Variability ◽

Semi Arid

This study was part of broader PhD research which investigated how access to, and use of, information enhances adaptation to climate change and variability in the agricultural sector in semi-arid Central Tanzania. The research was carried out in two villages using Rogersâ€™ Diffusion of Innovations theory and model to assess the dissemination of this information and its use by farmers in their adaptation of their farming practices to climate change and variability. This predominantly qualitative study employed a post-positivist paradigm. Some elements of a quantitative approach were also deployed in the data collection and analysis. The principal data collection methods were interviews and focus group discussions. The study population comprised farmers, agricultural extension officers and the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa project manager. Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis whereas quantitative data were analysed to generate mostly descriptive statistics using SPSS. Â Key findings of the study show that farmers perceive a problem in the dissemination and use of climate information for agricultural development. They found access to agricultural inputs to be expensive, unreliable and untimely. To mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and variability on farming effectively, the study recommends the repackaging of current and accurate information on climate change and variability, farmer education and training, and collaboration between researchers, meteorology experts, and extension officers and farmers. Moreover, a clear policy framework for disseminating information related to climate change and variability is required.

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Agricultural adaptation to climate change in rich and poor countries: Current modeling practice and potential for empirical contributions

Energy Economics ◽

10.1016/j.eneco.2014.04.014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 562-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Thomas W. Hertel ◽

David B. Lobell

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Poor Countries ◽

Agricultural Adaptation ◽

Modeling Practice

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Factors Affecting Adaptation to Climate Change through Agroforestry in Kenya

Land ◽

10.3390/land10040371 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 371

Author(s):

Kevin Pello ◽

Cedric Okinda ◽

Aijun Liu ◽

Tim Njagi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Total Yield ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Farm Size ◽

Farm Income ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Agroforestry Technology ◽

Agroforestry Technologies

The environmental effects of climate change have significantly decreased agricultural productivity. Agroforestry technologies have been applied as a solution to promote sustainable agricultural systems. This study evaluates the factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry technology in Kenya. A multistage sampling technique was employed to collect data from 239 households in West Pokot County, Kenya. A Probit model and K-means algorithm were used to analyze the factors affecting farmers’ agroforestry technology adoption decisions based on the sampled households’ socio-economic, demographic, and farm characteristics. The study found that the total yield for maize crop, farm size, extension frequency, off-farm income, access to training, access to credit, access to transport facilities, group membership, access to market, gender, distance to nearest trading center, and household education level had significant effects on the adoption of agroforestry technologies. The findings of this study are important in informing policy formulation and implementation that promotes agroforestry technologies adoption.

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