Neural network processing of radar scanning data array

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Dmitriyev ◽  
D.V. Popov ◽  
V.A. Shakhnov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Data Array ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Distribution Of Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radar Data Processing ◽  
Made In

This article deals with the digital processing of a matrix radar image. The information received from the radar scanner needs to be transformed to enable visual perception. The article describes the main methods of digital processing of matrix data, presents the images transformed by them. The aim of the article was the development of a radar data processing algorithm that identifies the contours and edges of examined objects. The authors propose an algorithm for isolating the geometric structure of the scanned area. The difference between the processing method and the known analogues is based on the nature of the change in the values of the array being processed and consists in the double operation of extracting the gradient of the distribution of values. The software implementation of the algorithm is made in C++ using methods from an open library of computer vision. The efficiency of the algorithm was estimated based on comparison with the algorithms for determining edges based on linear filtering and neural networks. The results of the work can be used to create software for mobile short-range radar devices. Imaging from object boundaries and their edges provides spatial perception of the image by the operator, and free areas are available for rendering additional information. This solution allows you to combine scanning devices and thereby increase the information value of the result.

Surface movement radar data processing methods for airport surveillance

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Garcia Herrero ◽  
J.A. Besada Portas ◽  
F.J. Jimenez Rodriguez ◽  
J.R. Casar Corredera
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Surface Movement ◽  
Radar Data Processing ◽  
Data Processing Methods

scholarly journals Urinary Microbiome Characteristics in Female Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Recurrent Cystitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Jeong-Ju Yoo ◽  
Hee Shin ◽  
Ju Song ◽  
Minjung Kim ◽  
Jina Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urine Culture ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Transurethral Catheter ◽  
Urinary Microbiome ◽  
Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Uncomplicated Cystitis ◽  
Recurrent Cystitis

Traditionally, the diagnostic mainstay of recurrent urinary tract infection has been urinary culture. However, the causative uropathogen of recurrent cystitis has not been well established. Urine DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) can provide additional information on these infections. Herein, we compared urine NGS results and urine cultures in patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) and recurrent cystitis (RC), and evaluated the difference in microbiome patterns in the NGS results. Patients who underwent urine culture and NGS due to AUC or RC were retrospectively reviewed. All urine samples were collected via a transurethral catheter and studied utilizing a type of NGS called 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and sequencing. The sensitivity of urine NGS was significantly higher than that of conventional urine culture (69.0% vs. 16.7%, p < 0.05). The detection rate of urine NGS was slightly lower in the RC group than in the AUC group (67.7% vs. 72.7%). Microbiome diversity was significantly higher in the RC group compared to the AUC group (p = 0.007), and the microbiome composition was significantly different between the AUC and RC groups. In the urine NGS results, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacteriaceae were found in the AUC group, and Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Rothia spp. were detected in the RC group. Urine NGS can significantly increase the diagnostic sensitivity compared to traditional urine culture methods, especially in RC patients. AUC and RC patients had significant differences in bacterial diversity and patterns. Therefore, recurrent cystitis might be approached from a different perspective.

scholarly journals XIX. On the difference of meridians of the Royal Observatories of Greenwich and Paris

1827 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 286-296 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Sidereal Time ◽  
Methods Of Calculation ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

In the Philosophical Transactions for 1826, Part II. Mr. Herschel has given a detailed account of observations, which were made in the month of July, 1825, for the purpose of ascertaining the difference of the meridians of the Royal Observatories of Greenwich and Paris, with a computation of these observations, from which the most probable value of the difference of longitude appears to be 9 m 21 s. 6. But I have perceived that in the copy of the observations delivered to him from the Royal Observatory of Greenwich, an error of one second has been committed; as the true sidereal time of the observation made there on 21st July, ought to be 17 h 38 m 57·12 in place of 17 h 38 m 56 s. 10, set down in the Table p. 104, which he informs me was computed at the Observatory, and officially communicated to him from the Astronomer Royal. This error seems to have had its origin in the little Table at the bottom of page 103; for, on subtracting the error of the clock, 47 s. 37, from the time 18 h 8 m 30 s. 40, the true sidereal time is 18 h 7 m 43 s. 03, instead of 18 h 7 m 42 s. 03, there given. The error in the result of that day’s observations, arising from this cause, has been partly compensated by a mistake of three tenths of a second, which has occurred in calculating the combined observations of the same day, the gain of mean on sidereal time being stated to be — 4 s. 54 (pp. 120 and 122), in place of — 4 s. 24. On checking the other observations, a few trifling alterations appear to be necessary upon the Greenwich Table of sidereal time, from the data given along with it. These seem to be occasioned by different methods of calculation, and indeed are hardly worthy of notice. The French astronomers not having given the data on which the calculations of the sidereal times at Paris are founded, they are assumed to be correct.

Detection of polar stratospheric clouds with ERS-2/GOME data

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405
Author(s):  
R. Meerkoetter
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
European Research ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Tropospheric Aerosol ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

Abstract. Based on radiative transfer calculations, it is studied whether polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) can be detected by the new Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) on board the second European Research Satellite (ERS-2) planned to be launched in 1995. It is proposed to identify PSC-covered areas by use of an indicator, the Normalized Radiance Difference (NRD), which relates the difference of two spectral radiances at 0.515 µm and 0.67 µm to one radiance measured in the centre of the oxygen A-band at 0.76 µm. Simulations are carried out for two solar zenith angles, θ=78.5° and θ=86.2°. They indicate that, in presence of PSCs and with increasing solar zenith angles above θ=80°, the NRD decrease to values clearly below those derived under conditions of a cloud-free stratosphere. Results for θ=86.2° show that the method is successful independent of existing tropospheric clouds, of different tropospheric aerosol loadings, and of surface albedos. Results for θ=78.5° illustrate that PSC detection under conditions of smaller solar zenith angles θ80° needs additional information about tropospheric clouds.

Somatosensory and Auditory Brain Stem Conduction after Head Injury: A Comparison with Clinical Features in Prediction of Outcome

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lindsay ◽  
Aydin Pasaoglu ◽  
David Hirst ◽  
Gwen Allardyce ◽  
Ian Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Prediction Of Outcome ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Evoked potential conduction times in brain stem auditory (BCT) and central somatosensory pathways (CCT) were recorded from 23 normal subjects and 101 patients with severe head injury. Abnormalities in the CCT and the BCT findings correlated with the clinical indices of brain damage (coma score, motor response, pupil response, and spontaneous and reflex eye movements) in the head-injured patients and each correlated with outcome at 6 months from the injury. The CCT in the “best” hemisphere produced the strongest correlation with outcome (P&lt;0.001). The correlation of the CCT with outcome was stronger in the 47 patients examined 2 to 3 days after the injury (P&lt;0.001) compared to the 34 patients examined within 24 hours after the injury (P&lt;0.02). No such difference was noted for the BCT. Serial studies within the first 2 weeks of injury did not show a consistent pattern and repetition of the investigation over this period did not provide any additional information. We used an INDEP-SELECT discriminant analysis program to determine whether information from the evoked potential data could improve prediction of outcome based on clinical data alone. With the addition of the CCT, the predictive accuracy (expressed as the correct classification probability) increased only slightly from 77 to 80%, and the difference was not significant. We conclude that central somatosensory and auditory brain stem conduction times provide useful prognostic information in paralyzed or sedated patients, but when neurological examination is feasible the benefits of evoked potential analysis do not justify the effort involved in data collection.

Economic optimisation of soil testing on commercial farms: space, time and variables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Concave Function ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Spatial Sampling ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Incremental Value ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
The Uk

&lt;p&gt;A holistic evaluation of agricultural systems requires mechanistic understanding of physical, chemical and biological interactions both aboveground and belowground, yet obtaining this information on commercial farms is a challenging task. In order to support practical decision making by commercial producers, it is therefore necessary to identify system-wide performance indicators that are observable presently and cost-effectively. Data acquired through commercial soil testing satisfy these conditions; however, the relationship between the density of information &amp;#8212; thus the cost of testing &amp;#8212; and the value of information as a guideline for on-farm managerial changes is not well-understood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using high-resolution soil data from the North Wyke Farm Platform in the UK as a case exemplar, this solicited talk discusses theoretical and computational frameworks to quantify the value of an information package defined by soil testing strategies. A bootstrapping experiment revealed that the information value is often a concave function of the spatial sampling frequency, indicating that &amp;#8220;half-hearted&amp;#8221; soil data are unlikely to be able to inform optimal farm management. On the other hand, a high degree of serial correlation as well as atemporal inter-variable correlation resulted in some measurements identified as being redundant, as the incremental value of additional information was often found to be small and occasionally negative. Given the time and budgetary constraints, therefore, it is suggested that more effort should be spent on snapshot spatial sampling of a small number of variables, rather than continuous spot sampling of a large number of variables.&lt;/p&gt;

Linguistic cues facilitate children’s understanding of belief-reporting sentences

2021 ◽  
pp. 014272372110486
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Zhang ◽  
Peng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Gold Medal ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Mental Verbs

It has been well-documented that although children around 4 years start to attribute false beliefs to others in classic false-belief tasks, they are still less able to evaluate the truth-value of propositional belief-reporting sentences, especially when belief conflicts with reality. This article investigates whether linguistic cues, verb factivity in particular, can facilitate children’s understanding of belief-reporting sentences. Two experiments were implemented, one testing children’s knowledge of verb factivity using a gold medal task, and one investigating children’s interpretation of belief-reporting sentences using a truth-value-judgment task. Both experiments took advantage of the contrast between neutral non-factive mental verbs and strong negatively biased mental verbs. What sets the two apart is that the complement clause following a strong negatively biased mental verb is definitely false, whereas the one following a neutral non-factive mental verb remains indeterminate in the absence of additional information. The findings were that, first, 4-year-old children were able to tell the difference between the two types of mental verbs in factivity, and second, children’s performance was significantly improved when a strong negatively biased mental verb than when a neutral non-factive mental verb was used as the main verb of the belief-reporting sentences. The findings suggest that the use of strong negatively biased mental verbs facilitates children’s understanding of belief-reporting sentences. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the underlying mechanisms connecting verb factivity and false-belief understanding.

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