digital processing
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongbo Chen ◽  
Felix Landmeyer ◽  
Christian Wiede ◽  
Rainer Kokozinski

Abstract Time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a statistical method to generate time-correlated histograms (TC-Hists), which are based on the time-of-flight (TOF) information measured by photon detectors such as single-photon avalanche diodes. With restricted measurements per histogram and the presence of high background light, it is challenging to obtain the target distance in a TC-Hist. In order to improve the data processing robustness under these conditions, the concept of machine learning is applied to the TC-Hist. Using the neural network-based multi-peak analysis (NNMPA), introduced by us, including a physics-guided feature extraction, a neural network multi-classifier, and a distance recovery process, the analysis is focused on a small amount of critical features in the TC-Hist. Based on these features, possible target distances with correlated certainty values are inferred. Furthermore, two optimization approaches regarding the learning ability and real-time performance are discussed. In particular, variants of the NNMPA are evaluated on both synthetic and real datasets. The proposed method not only has higher robustness in allocating the coarse position (±5 %) of the target distance in harsh conditions, but also is faster than the classical digital processing with an average-filter. Thus, it can be applied to improve the system robustness, especially in the case of high background light and middle-range detections.


Author(s):  
Yaroslav Beskrovnii ◽  
Oleksii Larin

In this paper, an algorithm for numerical simulations is developed for calculating a discrete dynamic system with a stochastic perturbation and an analysis of the quality of numerical solutions is carried out. For this, an algorithm for the numerical solution of a second-order differential equation with a stochastic right-hand side was developed and this algorithm was implemented as a program. The next step was to carry out a set of computational studies by varying the parameters of numerical integration with the subsequent assessment of their impact on the error and accuracy of simulations. To estimate the spectral density, the Welch periodogram method was used. To check the quality of simulations and assess the accuracy of solutions, it is proposed to compare the results of numerical integration and subsequent digital processing with analytical solutions that are known for the linear problem, given by the equation. As a result of the work, a comparative analysis of the dispersion of displacements relative to the lengths of signals from a different number of blocks was carried out, into which the signal is divided for the Welch method; the confidence interval of the error at different signal lengths and the confidence interval of the error with a different number of blocks at a certain signal length. Comparison of the variance with a different number of blocks showed that with a signal length of 30 s and from 90 s, there is a slight scatter of the variance values within an error of ± 5%.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Domino ◽  
Marta Borowska ◽  
Natalia Kozłowska ◽  
Łukasz Zdrojkowski ◽  
Tomasz Jasiński ◽  
...  

Infrared thermography (IRT) was applied as a potentially useful tool in the detection of pregnancy in equids, especially native or wildlife. IRT measures heat emission from the body surface, which increases with the progression of pregnancy as blood flow and metabolic activity in the uterine and fetal tissues increase. Conventional IRT imaging is promising; however, with specific limitations considered, this study aimed to develop novel digital processing methods for thermal images of pregnant mares to detect pregnancy earlier with higher accuracy. In the current study, 40 mares were divided into non-pregnant and pregnant groups and imaged using IRT. Thermal images were transformed into four color models (RGB, YUV, YIQ, HSB) and 10 color components were separated. From each color component, features of image texture were obtained using Histogram Statistics and Grey-Level Run-Length Matrix algorithms. The most informative color/feature combinations were selected for further investigation, and the accuracy of pregnancy detection was calculated. The image texture features in the RGB and YIQ color models reflecting increased heterogeneity of image texture seem to be applicable as potential indicators of pregnancy. Their application in IRT-based pregnancy detection in mares allows for earlier recognition of pregnant mares with higher accuracy than the conventional IRT imaging technique.


2021 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
М.І. Lynnyk ◽  
І.V. Liskina ◽  
М.І. Gumeniuk ◽  
V.І. Іgnatieva ◽  
G.L. Gumeniuk ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND. In the third wave of the pandemic, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was more aggressive. The available information on the pathogenesis of respiratory failure was supplemented with new data. Up-date information about the respiratory failure pathogenesis was acquired. It has been shown that the SARS-CoV-2 virus leads to disappearance of white pulp cells in the spleen. In this tissue immune cells mature and differentiate, among others T- and B-lymphocytes, which are responsible for premunition. The study of the structure and function of the spleen has become even more urgent. Some authors note a change in the size of the spleen during ultrasonography and chest computed tomography (CT), which correlate with indicators of the pneumonia“s severity. The study of the structure and function of the spleen has become even more urgent. OBJECTIVE. To study is to evaluate changes in the structure of solid organs (lungs, liver and spleen) in patients with a complicated community-acquired viral pneumonia COVID-19 by means of software digital processing of CT scan data and their comparison with pathomorphological changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The analysis of CT data in patients with a complicated community-acquired viral pneumonia COVID-19, who were treated at the SI “National institute of phthisiology and pulmonology named. F.G. Yanovsky of the NAMS of Ukraine”. CT WGC was performed on an Aquilion TSX-101A «Tochiba» scanner (Japan), followed by digital software processing of CT images using the Dragonfly software. Histological preparations were obtained as a result of traditional alcoholic histological tracing of tissue samples, embedded in paraffin blocks. To obtain micrographs, an Olympus BX51 microscope was used with an Olympus DP73 digital camera and a CellSens computer program for image processing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The obtained results of digital software processing of CT images clearly correlate with autopsy histological examination of tissues of the same solid organs. Changes in the structure of the spleen occur earlier than in other solid organs, which gives reason to use these changes for diagnostic purposes. Digital processing of CT images of the spleen allows determining the severity of the disease, predicting its further course and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. CONCLUSIONS. In patients with a complicated viral (COVID-19) community-acquired pneumonia changes (which can be determined by digital software processing of CT data) in the structure of solid organs, especially in lungs and spleen, were observed and they correlate with pathomorphological changes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ming He

Because face recognition is greatly affected by external environmental factors and the partial lack of face information challenges the robustness of face recognition algorithm, while the existing methods have poor robustness and low accuracy in face image recognition, this paper proposes a face image digital processing and recognition based on data dimensionality reduction algorithm. Based on the analysis of the existing data dimensionality reduction and face recognition methods, according to the face image input, feature composition, and external environmental factors, the face recognition and processing technology flow is given, and the face feature extraction method is proposed based on nonparametric subspace analysis (NSA). Finally, different methods are used to carry out comparative experiments in different face databases. The results show that the method proposed in this paper has a higher correct recognition rate than the existing methods and has an obvious effect on the XM2VTS face database. This method not only improves the shortcomings of existing methods in dealing with complex face images but also provides a certain reference for face image feature extraction and recognition in complex environment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Junseo Cha ◽  
Seong Hee Choi ◽  
Chul-Hee Choi

Introduction. The traditional way of facilitating a good singing voice has been achieved through rigorous voice training. In the modern days, however, there are some aspects of the singing voice that can be enhanced through digital processing. Although in the past, the frequency or intensity manipulations had to be achieved through the various singing techniques of the singer, technology today allows the singing voice to be enhanced from the instruments within recording studios. In essence, the traditional voice pedagogy and the evolution of digital audio processing both strive to achieve a better quality of the singing voice, but with different methods. Nevertheless, the major aspects of how the singing voice can be manipulated are not communicated among the professionals in each field. Objective. This paper offers insights as to how the quality of the singing voice can be changed physiologically through the traditional ways of voice training, and also digitally through various instruments that are now available in recording studios. Reflection. The ways in which singers train their voice must be mediated with the audio technology that is available today. Although there are aspects in which the digital technology can aid the singer’s voice, there remain areas in which the singers must train their singing system in a physiological level to produce a better singing voice.


2021 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
S. P. Seleznev ◽  
O. B. Tamrazova ◽  
V. Yu. Sergeev ◽  
V. G. Nikitaev ◽  
A. N. Pronichev

This review article provides an overview of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment methods for actinic keratosis, keratoacanthoma, and Bowen’s disease. The provoking factors are described, where the main importance is attached to insolation, previous immunosuppression and immunodeficiency and trauma. The pathogenesis of these diseases is described in the form of cascade models. Various clinical forms and their main dermatoscopic features, suitable for digital processing in automated diagnostic systems, are presented. A stepwise approach to the treatment of these nosologies is described, and a preliminary prognosis is assessed based on the duration of progression and the likelihood of transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. Given the fact that dermato-oncologists have not yet come to a consensus on the classification of the described diseases, in this article they are considered as a borderline, thereby demonstrating a fine line of transition from a precancerous state to cancer in situ.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 3048
Author(s):  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Asem Jaidaa ◽  
Ze Wang ◽  
Lei Lu

Digital processing poses a considerable time delay on controllers of induction motor (IM) driving system, which degrades the effects of torque/flux decoupling, slows the motor torque response down, or even makes the entire system unstable, especially when operating at a low switching frequency. The existing methods, such as feed-forward and feed-back decoupling methods based on the proportional integral controller (PI), have an intrinsic disadvantage in the compromise between high performance and low switching frequency. Besides, the digital delay cannot be well compensated, which may affect the system loop and bring instability. Conventional complex vector decoupling control based on an accurate IM model employs complicated decoupling loops that may be degraded by digital delay leading to discrete error. This article aims to give an alternative complex vector decoupling solution with a simple structure, intended for optimized decoupling and improving the system dynamic performance throughout the entire operating range. The digital delay-caused impacts, including secondary coupling effect and voltage vector amplitude/phase inaccuracy, are specified. Given this, the digital delay impact is canceled accurately in advance, simplifying the entire decoupling process greatly while achieving uncompromised decoupling performance. The simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed decoupling technique.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Ungvári ◽  
Gábor Gercsák ◽  
Mátyás Márton ◽  
László Zentai

Abstract. As a result of the Perczel Project outlined by Mátyás Márton in 2007 at the Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics of Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), the complete digital restoration and then reconstruction of the 127.5 cm diameter manuscript globe was completed in 2019. The final cartographic completion of the ongoing task at the department by 2013 – led by Mátyás Márton, the project manager, who carried out this work with the help of Judit Paksi –, which included the work of many lecturers and students, aimed at saving the globe.Using this augmented digital processing, it was also possible to create three artistic copies of Perczel’s globe, which was originally made in 1862. This unique work of art, which has suffered irreparable damage due to the ordeals of the 20th century, is of great cultural value and also very important for our cartographic heritage, has been reborn.Following the digital reconstruction, there was a good opportunity to revive another related project. The website, “The interactive gazetteer of Perczel’s globe”, which was born as a result of the work of Zsuzsanna Ungvári and Tibor Tokai earlier, was also created with a new, expanded content. The present study presents the antecedents of gazetteer creation and describes the most important steps of current processing.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (5) ◽  
pp. 052091
Author(s):  
A Shepelev ◽  
A Antipov ◽  
A Putilov ◽  
A Osipov ◽  
S Arakelian

Abstract The paper describes a method of a beam radiation parameters analysis. Such analysis bases on the laser beam registration in the plane of a diffusely reflecting screen and digital processing of the registered image. The algorithm of the laser beam spatial parameters determination is presented and realized programmatically. The experiment was carried out using a digital high-speed video system and a solid-state pulsed periodic laser based on a Cr3+: BeAl2O4 alexandrite crystal. A comparison of the proposed method with a standardized method based on the registration of radiation by a matrix photodetector is presented. The development of measure methods of the laser radiation parameters is necessary due to the appearance of new sources of laser radiation and their use in various applications.


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