scholarly journals Multidimensionality of assessment in the Common European Framework of Reference for languages (CEFR)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Piccardo
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Process ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Impact

This article intends to discuss complexity of assessment by presenting its several layers and dimensions as they are conceptualized in the Common European Framework of Reference for languages (CEFR) and to show how the CEFR advocates an inclusive vision of assessment able to integrate several perspectives. After presenting the CEFR perspective of the nature and role of assessment, the article investigates some challenges practitioners are facing and their needs as to the assessment process. It also aims at casting light on the actual and potential impact of the CEFR on assessment cultures in different contexts. The data presented in this article, collected within the ECEP (Encouraging the Culture of Evaluation among Professionals) project of the Council of Europe and within its extension in the Canadian context, will help to understand why the CEFR can be seen as a relevant awareness-raising tool in the domain of assessment and beyond.

scholarly journals Building Indicators by Consensus for Common Attributes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Al-Hammoud ◽  
Jason Grove ◽  
Andrew Milne ◽  
Mehrdad Pirnia ◽  
Derek Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcomes Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Graduate Attributes ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
New Process ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
The Common ◽  
To Come ◽  
The University

 Abstract – To address the new process of graduate attributes (GAs) assessment as required by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB), the University of Waterloo (UW) employed six Graduate Attributes Lecturers (GALs) and four Accreditation Assistants (AAs) with a key role of leading the outcomes assessment process in each of the engineering departments. The GALs work collaboratively with each other and their departments to come up with a process of outcomes assessment. The collaboration methods and techniques used by the GALs in developing shared indicators for the common GAs are proving to be highly effective, and have led to significant progress. One of these methods is a structured brainstorming sessions for developing measurable performance indicators for the common GAs. The following paper describes in detail the collaboration methods and techniques used by the GALs and AAs to develop shared indicators for the professional skills GAs. The paper also discusses the factors that proved to be successful in the whole process as well as the challenges faced by the team.  

Bigger or Better? The Role of Human Rights and Democracy in Determining Membership of the European Institutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-460
Author(s):  
Alison Duxbury
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Admission Decisions ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article traces the development of the role of human rights and democracy in determining admission to three European organizations: the Council of Europe, NATO and the EU. Despite the different functions that each organization performs, they have all assumed that prospective members must comply with human rights and democratic conditions. This is evident in both the organizations' constituent instruments and related membership documents, and also in the recent admission practice of the three organizations. But the membership practice also indicates that since their establishment the organizations have not always applied these conditions rigorously – thus there is a tension between the organizations' desire for homogenous universality (getting better) and heterogeneous universality (getting bigger). The admission practice also reveals a number of problems with the use of human rights and democratic criteria, including inconsistencies in the application of the criteria between applicants and existing members of the same organization, and inconsistencies in the application of the shared criteria across the three organizations. In the end, the development of the common membership criteria of human rights and democracy highlights both a degree of flexibility in admission decisions, as well as a progressive change in the functions of each organization.

scholarly journals KOMPETENCJA RÓŻNOJĘZYCZNA W POCZĄTKOWYM KSZTAŁCENIU NAUCZYCIELI

Neofilolog ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Szymankiewicz ◽  
Radosław Kucharczyk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Multilingual Communication ◽  
The Common

Modern language policy in Europe has put forward the concept of multilingualism,and with this plurilingual competence. The definitions of both phenomenacan be found in numerous documents of the Council of Europe, especiallyin the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.The authors of this document describe multilingual communication in somedetail, where the native speaker user is beyond the scale. A lot of attention iscurrently being given to issues of multilingualism in education, with numerousarticles, suggestions for teaching activities and tools to develop related skills.This article raises the question of the preparation of future teachers of languageswhich will be taught as the second foreign language (L3) and how plurilingualcompetence can be developed in the classroom. The study, conductedamong students of Romance languages answers the following questions.Are students, who are future L3 language teachers, adequately preparedto develop plurilingual competence in their students? Do they have theappropriate knowledge and practical skills to do this? What are their beliefsregarding the role of different languages when teaching the L3 target language?

Cogeneration potential in Colombian sugar factories

2010 ◽  
pp. 561-565
Author(s):  
Edgar F. Castillo ◽  
Adolfo L. Gómez ◽  
Diego Cobo ◽  
Carlos Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Typical Process

Nowadays, the Colombian sugar industry is involved in an expansion process, mainly related to the diversification of final products. In this way, since 2005 five ethanol distilleries have been running, covering just 65% of total ethanol demand. The distilleries were designed coupled with a composting plant, based on vinasses and carbonatation sludge from the sugar factory. Both distilleries and composting plants show many features which make them a special case in the ethanol market, so they produce a maximum of 3 L vinasse/L ethanol. Besides, in all cases, the thermal and electrical power requirements in the ethanol plant are supplied by the sugar factory. In this paper, a brief description of technological features of the typical process configuration followed by the Colombian sugar industry is shown. It comprises the steam consumption distribution by sections, the common configuration of the heat exchanger network (HEN) developed for bleed vapor usage and the role of energy self-sufficiency of the factory played by the bagasse quality. A set of possible scenarios for improving energy efficiency in a selected sugar factory which comprises a modified HEN can be formulated, including a revamping of the existing boiler and finally a new boiler operating at higher pressure. Based on the previous information, the state of the main Colombian cogeneration projects based on sugarcane and its potential impact on the national energy supply is shown. Finally, the paper describes how Colombian governmental requirements for cogeneration plants are trying to establish a legal framework for this novel industrial activity in the country.

RESPECT FOR THE RULE OF LAW IN A TIME OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRISIS: THE ROLE OF REGIONAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE HUNGARIAN AFFAIRE

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-242
Author(s):  
Federico Casolari
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
The Eu

This article offers a critical analysis of the role played by regional international organizations (IOs) – in particular the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Council of Europe, and the European Union (EU) – in coping with the problems that have been affecting the rule of law in the aftermath of the recent economic and financial crises. The intent is to highlight the main shortcomings of the monitoring/enforcement tools designed by these IOs and to assess whether they require further revision. The specific focus will be on the mechanisms put in place in response to the illiberal practices and constitutional reforms adopted in Hungary from 2011 to 2013. This case is instructive in two respects. In the first place, those legal and political developments have been harshly criticized by all the IOs concerned, and so their response makes it possible to see (i) in what way and to what extent they operate in monitoring and protecting the rule of law, (ii) how well they interact in subiecta materia, and (iii) the strengths and weaknesses of their mandate. And, in the second place, the Hungarian question has made it apparent that violations of the rule of law at the national level can easily take on a systemic, structural and multifaceted dimension that rises to the European level – a problem I will be referring to as the “rule-of-law crisis”. This has prompted an overall rethinking of the way the rule of law needs to be enforced, in a debate that has gained momentum within the EU legal order, very recently leading to a proposal (in March 2014) for a new EU framework through which to strengthen the rule of law. Here, the potential impact of this framework will be considered by also taking into account the alternative solutions offered by scholars and stakeholders.

scholarly journals Europe, public debts, and safe assets: the scope for a European Debt Agency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Amato ◽  
Everardo Belloni ◽  
Paolo Falbo ◽  
Lucio Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Member States ◽  
Market Pricing ◽  
Common Bond ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Main Operating

AbstractThe Covid-19 crisis has radically changed the game for world and EU-economies, and urged for a reappraisal of the guidelines for a healthy management of public expenditure. This requires a deep rethinking of the role of public debt in modern capitalistic economies and of efficient, equitable and politically viable ways of financing it. This paper outlines the main operating framework of a Debt Agency tasked with the management of the Eurozone sovereign debts and the creation of a truly European safe asset. The framework leverages on the potential irredeemable nature of sovereign debts in order to build a common bond. By structurally filtering liquidity risk, the Debt Agency can price the Member States’ funding costs by referring only to their credit risk, as defined by EU agreed rules. The common bond issued by the Debt Agency thus avoids mutualisation by design; hence, it can be directly bought by the ECB. Due to its structural intertemporal sustainability, the Debt Agency’s framework delineated in this paper can serve as a benchmark for institutional and political decisions. In this perspective, a counterfactual exercise has been conducted in order to evaluate the future potential impact of the Debt Agency as well as the past distortions in market pricing of Member States’ fundamental risk due to market mispricing of the liquidity risk.

On everyday academic research

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tirole
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
The Common ◽  
Verification Of Models ◽  
Science And Research

In the fourth chapter of the book “The economy of the common good”, the nature of economics as a science and research practices in their theoretical and empirical aspects are discussed. The author considers the processes of modeling, empirical verification of models and evaluation of research quality. In addition, the features of economic cognition and the role of mathematics in economic research are analyzed, including the example of relevant research in game theory and information theory.

Theoretical and Empirical Research in Modern Economics: Problems of Communication

2008 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Libman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Empirical Turn

The last decades witnessed the increasing importance of econometric methods and empirical research in economics. The success of the empirical turn in economics depends on the formats and problems of communication between theory and empirics. The paper considers potential difficulties in communication "from the theory to empirical research" and "from empirical research to theory". It analyzes the role of informal consensus as an instrument facilitating such communication and potential impact of this consensus on the direction of research.

Contemplative Principles of a Non-dual Praxis: the Unmediated Practices of the Tibetan ‘Heart Essence’ (sNying thig) Tradition

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-240
Author(s):  
Eran Laish
Keyword(s):  
Contemplative Practice ◽  
Tibetan Buddhist ◽  
Buddhist Tradition ◽  
The Common

This article focuses on the main contemplative principles of the ‘Heart Essence’ (sNying thig), a Tibetan Buddhist tradition that is characterized by a vision of non-duality and primordial wholeness. Due to this vision, which asserts an original reality that is not divided into perceiving subject and perceived object, the ‘Heart Essence’ advocates a contemplative practice that undermines the usual intuitions of temporality and enclosed selfhood. Hence, unlike the common principles of intentional praxis, such as deliberate concentration and gradual purification, the ‘Heart Essence’ affirms four contemplative principles of non-objectiveness, openness, spontaneity and singleness. As these principles transcend intentionality, temporality, and multiplicity, they are seen to directly disclose the nature of primordial awareness, in which the meanings of knowing and being are radically transformed. Therefore, the article will also consider the role of these non-dual contemplative principles in deeply changing our understanding of being and knowing alike.

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