Cogeneration potential in Colombian sugar factories

2010 ◽  
pp. 561-565
Author(s):  
Edgar F. Castillo ◽  
Adolfo L. Gómez ◽  
Diego Cobo ◽  
Carlos Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Typical Process

Nowadays, the Colombian sugar industry is involved in an expansion process, mainly related to the diversification of final products. In this way, since 2005 five ethanol distilleries have been running, covering just 65% of total ethanol demand. The distilleries were designed coupled with a composting plant, based on vinasses and carbonatation sludge from the sugar factory. Both distilleries and composting plants show many features which make them a special case in the ethanol market, so they produce a maximum of 3 L vinasse/L ethanol. Besides, in all cases, the thermal and electrical power requirements in the ethanol plant are supplied by the sugar factory. In this paper, a brief description of technological features of the typical process configuration followed by the Colombian sugar industry is shown. It comprises the steam consumption distribution by sections, the common configuration of the heat exchanger network (HEN) developed for bleed vapor usage and the role of energy self-sufficiency of the factory played by the bagasse quality. A set of possible scenarios for improving energy efficiency in a selected sugar factory which comprises a modified HEN can be formulated, including a revamping of the existing boiler and finally a new boiler operating at higher pressure. Based on the previous information, the state of the main Colombian cogeneration projects based on sugarcane and its potential impact on the national energy supply is shown. Finally, the paper describes how Colombian governmental requirements for cogeneration plants are trying to establish a legal framework for this novel industrial activity in the country.

The Epistemic Role of Technical Functions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Preston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Technical Functions ◽  
Analysis Of Function ◽  
Epistemic Role ◽  
Special Case ◽  
The Continuum

Technical functions of artifacts are commonly distinguished from their social functions and from biological functions of organisms. Schemes for classifying functions often encounter what the author calls the continuum problem—the imperceptible merger of function kinds. This is a special case of a debate about natural kinds in philosophy of science, which has resulted in a turn to an epistemological construal of kinds, in contrast to the traditional, purely ontological construal. The author argues for an epistemic analysis of function kinds along the lines of John Dupré’s (1993) “promiscuous realism.” This provides leverage for asking new and important questions about the epistemic purposes served by our various schemes for classifying artifact functions, and about the epistemic role of technical functions in particular. The author argues that the common classification into technical, social, and biological functions has more disadvantages than it has advantages.

''Compulsory'' Migration Governance at Local Level: The Case of İstanbul

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-990
Author(s):  
Elif Topal Demiroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
The Common ◽  
Governance Arrangements

This article focuses on the increasing role of cities and local governments in migration governance through following the increasing “local turn” approach in migration studies in recent years. Turkey, which has a long immigration history and by far the largest immigration population of the country with massive Syrian immigration which started in particular in 2011, cities and local governments have developed different local governance arrangements by which they are trying to produce answers to the diversity brought about by immigration. Local responses differ in terms of scope, actor, approach and method. In this study, how and why the municipalities produce different responses are discussed in the context of the role of the municipalities and the common methods that local responses share despite the same legal framework and being a part of Istanbul metropolitan area. Thus, based on the analysis of the field study conducted in six districts of Istanbul, it has been revealed that the answers given to migration and immigrants are shaped in the context of a high informality and compulsory governance.

The CIS Common Library Space in the Context of Humanitarian Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Igumnova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The Common ◽  
State Library ◽  
Cis Countries

The article reveals the scientific aspects and development practice of the common library space of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS CLS), which over 30 years has formed a system of its organization and mechanisms of functioning. There is reflected the role of libraries in solving the humanitarian problems of the Commonwealth. The article considers the CIS CLS as the main part of the Eurasian library space, and studies it as an independent system. There are highlighted the most important principles of building the CIS CLS. The article shows that during the period under study, the path of formation has been passed, and the circle of common interests and relevant areas of activity has been identified. There is formulated the regulatory and legal framework for the development of librarianship in the CIS countries, the model laws designed to harmonize the national legal documents. The formed organizational system of the CLS functioning includes the interrelated links — national libraries of the CIS, the Library Assembly of Eurasia, the Russian State Library as the basic organization for cooperation in the field of librarianship of the CIS member states, the scientific and practical journal “Herald of the Library Assembly of Eurasia”. The article identifies the priority areas of cooperation: building and preserving national library collections, ensuring open and equal access for users to local and world resources through the use of information technologies, promoting the best examples of national culture and literature, cultural and educational events and ethno-cultural library interaction. The author provides examples of the cooperation programs implementation.The article determines that for the sustainable development and stability of the CLS as a system of library interaction, it is necessary to constantly overcome the contradictions accumulated in it, make adjustments to the definition of common interests and organizational structure. The author concludes that the integration activities of CIS libraries to strengthen the CLS, with the unifying role of the Russian language, serves as the basis for the consolidated inclusion of libraries in the common humanitarian and cultural space of the CIS and in the world information space.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs: a complex regulatory network drives the acquisition of malignant cell phenotype

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. F51-F75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libero Santarpia ◽  
Milena Nicoloso ◽  
George A Calin
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Endocrine Tumors ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insight Into

Several lines of evidence indicate that tumorigenesis is a complex multistep process, and that most, if not all, cancers acquire the same set of functional capabilities during development and progression, albeit through various mechanistic strategies. Increasing data show an important role of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in regulating various aspects of cancer biology. This review describes the role of microRNAs during the multiple steps that drive the progressive transformation of normal cells into highly malignant derivatives, outlining the role of microRNAs in regulating the common hallmarks of tumorigenesis: self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to antigrowth signals, abnormal apoptosis, limitless replicative potential, induction and sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion and metastasis. Recent evidence suggests an important role of microRNAs in the regulation of the expression of most genes regulating and coordinating a wide variety of processes in endocrine glands. We will highlight microRNAs of potential relevance to endocrine tumors and hormone-dependent cancers. Through this overview of how microRNAs regulate multiple targets and entire pathways, we will provide insight into the potential to develop new molecular microRNA-targeted therapies for endocrine tumors.

scholarly journals The importance of the traditional milpa in food security and nutritional self-sufficiency in the highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246281
Author(s):  
Ivan P. Novotny ◽  
Pablo Tittonell ◽  
Mariela H. Fuentes-Ponce ◽  
Santiago López-Ridaura ◽  
Walter A. H. Rossing
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Global Food

Around 30% of global food is produced by smallholder farmers, yet they constitute the most food-insecure group. In Mexico, food self-sufficiency is declining. Rural policies in the country have stimulated the production of cash crops to the detriment of the traditional intercropping system, the milpa. Such a decline may have negative consequences for the food security of subsistence farmers. This study aimed to assess changes in nutritional self-sufficiency over the last 30 years and the role of milpa systems in food security for two communities in the highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico. The study used satellite images, censuses, and field data to estimate food production. Three cropping systems, monoculture of maize, monoculture of common bean, and the milpa were compared in terms of nutrients and vitamins produced. Furthermore, a household typology was developed for each community to contrast nutritional self-sufficiency levels between the different household types. Results showed that the milpa produced more volume of food per area compared to the other systems. The milpa also produced all the nutrients and vitamins (except for B12) required to feed at least 2 persons ha-1. Monocultures of maize lacked vitamins A, B9, B12, and C, and the common bean lacked vitamins A, B12, and C. While farmers recognized the importance of the milpa, they preferred monocultures due to the reduced labor demands of this system. Households that obtained most of their income from off-farm activities had the lowest nutritional self-sufficiency. Enhancing nutritional self-sufficiency through crop diversification has the potential to not only improve the nutrition of subsistence farmers, but also to enhance ecosystem service provision, promote biodiversity conservation and restoration, and improve resilience to climate change.

Carbonatation precipitate – origin, separation and uses

2015 ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evzen Šárka ◽  
Zdenek Bubník ◽  
Vladimír Pour
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Mixing Intensity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lime Addition

Managers and researchers are looking for new systems with minimum consumption of lime e.g. ultrafiltration. Nevertheless liming and carbonatation are still an important part of juice purification in the sugar industry. The complex process is influenced by many parameters such as lime addition, polysaccharides content and their composition, temperature, mixing intensity, recycling in juice purification etc. Carbonatation precipitate as well as the role of adsorbing nonsugars from the beet is connected with sedimentation and filtration characteristics and seems to be a promising raw material in many industries. Key parameters of the carbonatation lime as a by-product of sugar manufacture are size of crystals and aggregates together with polymorphism of the CaCO3 both for the filtration and for follow-up industrial applications. The common polymorph of carbonatation precipitate is calcite but also needle-like aragonite precipitates were found when deteriorated beet was processed. Carbonatation lime may be used as fertilizer, filler in adhesives or in plastics, and in many ecologic uses. It could be concluded that functional materials based on carbonatation lime is a challenging perspective, however, the extensive knowledge in carbonatation process is of primary importance.

scholarly journals Multidimensionality of assessment in the Common European Framework of Reference for languages (CEFR)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Piccardo
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Process ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Impact

This article intends to discuss complexity of assessment by presenting its several layers and dimensions as they are conceptualized in the Common European Framework of Reference for languages (CEFR) and to show how the CEFR advocates an inclusive vision of assessment able to integrate several perspectives. After presenting the CEFR perspective of the nature and role of assessment, the article investigates some challenges practitioners are facing and their needs as to the assessment process. It also aims at casting light on the actual and potential impact of the CEFR on assessment cultures in different contexts. The data presented in this article, collected within the ECEP (Encouraging the Culture of Evaluation among Professionals) project of the Council of Europe and within its extension in the Canadian context, will help to understand why the CEFR can be seen as a relevant awareness-raising tool in the domain of assessment and beyond.

scholarly journals Europe, public debts, and safe assets: the scope for a European Debt Agency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Amato ◽  
Everardo Belloni ◽  
Paolo Falbo ◽  
Lucio Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Member States ◽  
Market Pricing ◽  
Common Bond ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Main Operating

AbstractThe Covid-19 crisis has radically changed the game for world and EU-economies, and urged for a reappraisal of the guidelines for a healthy management of public expenditure. This requires a deep rethinking of the role of public debt in modern capitalistic economies and of efficient, equitable and politically viable ways of financing it. This paper outlines the main operating framework of a Debt Agency tasked with the management of the Eurozone sovereign debts and the creation of a truly European safe asset. The framework leverages on the potential irredeemable nature of sovereign debts in order to build a common bond. By structurally filtering liquidity risk, the Debt Agency can price the Member States’ funding costs by referring only to their credit risk, as defined by EU agreed rules. The common bond issued by the Debt Agency thus avoids mutualisation by design; hence, it can be directly bought by the ECB. Due to its structural intertemporal sustainability, the Debt Agency’s framework delineated in this paper can serve as a benchmark for institutional and political decisions. In this perspective, a counterfactual exercise has been conducted in order to evaluate the future potential impact of the Debt Agency as well as the past distortions in market pricing of Member States’ fundamental risk due to market mispricing of the liquidity risk.

On everyday academic research

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tirole
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
The Common ◽  
Verification Of Models ◽  
Science And Research

In the fourth chapter of the book “The economy of the common good”, the nature of economics as a science and research practices in their theoretical and empirical aspects are discussed. The author considers the processes of modeling, empirical verification of models and evaluation of research quality. In addition, the features of economic cognition and the role of mathematics in economic research are analyzed, including the example of relevant research in game theory and information theory.

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