scholarly journals Critique of a Community-Based Population Health Intervention in First Nations Community: Public Health and Cultural Anthropology Perspectives

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Selim M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Population Health Intervention ◽  
Nations Community

Launched as a community-based partnership endeavour, the Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project (SLHDP) aimed to prevent diabetes in a First Nations community (FNC) in Toronto. With active engagement of the key stakeholders, SLHDP conducted a series of studies that explored public health needs, priorities, and the contexts. These led to the adoption of a variety of culturally appropriate health interventions, addressing several health determinants such as health education, physical environments, nutrition, personal health practices, health services, and FNC culture. SLHDP built reciprocal capacity for both the community stakeholders and academic partners, thus evolved as a model of population health intervention. The school components are being scaled-up in other parts of FNCs in Canada. This paper presents a critique from public health and medical anthropology perspectives and draws evidence-based recommendations on how such programs can do better.

scholarly journals The AAPRISS Platform: Learning and Taking Action to Reduce Social Inequalities in Health to help PHIR

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Lang ◽  
C Marquis ◽  
N Haschar-Noé ◽  
M Kelly-Irving ◽  
M Huot-Royer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Social Inequalities In Health ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
Population Health Intervention Research ◽  
Population Health Intervention

Abstract Today, the reduction of social inequalities in health is on the political agenda in public health. The complex reality of the determinants of these health inequalities remains difficult to understand and translate into practical actions. One of the reasons is that the circulation of expertise amongst researchers, actors in the field, and public decision is not systematic and still too rare. In 2013, the Federative Institute of Interdisciplinary Research and Studies Health Society (IFERISS) of Toulouse has an interdisciplinary platform (health, the humanities, and the social sciences) that directly offers expertise to public health actors, institutions, and local communities in order to respond to public health issues. At the request of the actors, AAPRISS can intervene at all stages of a study or an intervention, from conceptual and methodological construction to implementation support, and data analysis and use. In particular, the team has expertise in public policy evaluation, support for transferability according to the key functions/implementation/context (FIC) model, and awareness-raising at the intersection of urban planning and health. The platform is in a multi-year partnership with local authorities, the regional health agency of Occitanie, the primary health insurance funds of Occitanie, and various partners in civil society. Six years after the establishment of the AAPRISS platform, there is a strong demand for support and research from the actors and institutions. However, funding for activities remains uncertain despite the support of the National Cancer League and an increasingly strong network of partners. Mixed structures housing spaces for both research and action, which create a dynamic of Population Health Intervention Research, are showing themselves to be effective and seem to meet a need, but their financial stability is insufficient to sustain their activities and promote sustainable reduction of social inequalities in health. Key messages Mixed structures housing spaces for both research and action, which create a dynamic of Population Health Intervention Research, are showing themselves to be effective and seem to meet a need. But the financial stability of this mixed structures is insufficient to sustain their activities and promote sustainable reduction of social inequalities in health.

scholarly journals The development of a community-based public health response to an outbreak of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in a First Nations community

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Jacob ◽  
Natalie Bocking ◽  
Ruben Hummelen ◽  
Jenna Poirier ◽  
Len Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Nations Community

Background: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a rare immune-mediated condition that typically occurs in children as a result of group A streptococcus (GAS) infection. PSGN is not considered a disease of public health significance, or reportable, in Canada. Higher incidence of PSGN has been described among Indigenous people in Canada. No national or provincial guidance exists to define or manage PSGN outbreaks. Objective: To describe an outbreak of seven paediatric cases of PSGN in a remote First Nations community in northwestern Ontario and the development of a community-wide public health response. Methods: Following a literature review, an intervention was developed involving screening of all children in the community for facial or peripheral edema or skin sores, and treatment with antibiotics if noted. Case, contact and outbreak definitions were also developed. The purpose of the response was to break the chain of transmission of a possible nephritogenic strain of streptococcus circulating in the community. Relevant demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected on all cases. Outcome: Seven paediatric cases of PSGN presented to the community nursing station between September 25 and November 29, 2017. Community-wide screening for skin sores was completed for 95% of the community’s children, including 17 household contacts, and as a result, the last of the cases was identified. Nineteen adult household contacts were also screened. Ten paediatric contacts and two adult contacts with skin sores were treated with one dose of intramuscular penicillin, and six paediatric contacts received oral cephalexin. No further cases were identified following the screening. Conclusion: PSGN continues to occur in Indigenous populations worldwide at rates higher than in the overall population. In the absence of mandatory reporting in Canada, the burden of PSGN remains underappreciated and could undermine upstream and downstream public health interventions. Evidence-based public health guidance is required to manage outbreaks in the Canadian context. The community-based response protocol developed to contain the PSGN outbreak in this First Nations community can serve as a model for the management of future PSGN outbreaks.

Measuring the Efficacy of a Pilot Public Health Intervention for Engaging Communities of Puerto Rico to Rapidly Write Hurricane Protection Plans

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mark E. Keim ◽  
Laura A. Runnels ◽  
Alexander P. Lovallo ◽  
Margarita Pagan Medina ◽  
Eduardo Roman Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based

Abstract Objective: The efficacy is measured for a public health intervention related to community-based planning for population protection measures (PPMs; ie, shelter-in-place and evacuation). Design: This is a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) prospective study of intervention efficacy, measured in terms of usability related to effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, and degree of community engagement. Setting: Two municipalities in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico are included. Participants: Community members consisting of individuals; traditional leaders; federal, territorial, and municipal emergency managers; municipal mayors; National Guard; territorial departments of education, health, housing, public works, and transportation; health care; police; Emergency Medical Services; faith-based organizations; nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); and the private sector. Intervention: The intervention included four community convenings: one for risk communication; two for plan-writing; and one tabletop exercise (TTX). This study analyzed data collected from the project work plan; participant rosters; participant surveys; workshop outputs; and focus group interviews. Main Outcome Measures: Efficacy was measured in terms of ISO 9241-11, an international standard for usability that includes effectiveness, efficiency, user satisfaction, and “freedom from risk” among users. Degree of engagement was considered an indicator of “freedom from risk,” measurable through workshop attendance. Results: Two separate communities drafted and exercised ~60-page-long population protection plans, each within 14.5 hours. Plan-writing workshops completed 100% of plan objectives and activities. Efficiency rates were nearly the same in both communities. Interviews and surveys indicated high degrees of community satisfaction. Engagement was consistent among community members and variable among governmental officials. Conclusions: Frontline communities have successfully demonstrated the ability to understand the environmental health hazards in their own community; rapidly write consensus-based plans for PPMs; participate in an objective-based TTX; and perform these activities in a bi-lingual setting. This intervention appears to be efficacious for public use in the rapid development of community-based PPMs.

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