scholarly journals Study on drug utilization pattern and cost analysis among the psychiatric patients treated with various benzodiazepine derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Dhivya Govindasamy ◽  
Gandhibabu Ramanathan ◽  
Talari Venkata Siva Prasad ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Daily Dose

Background: The objective of the study was to assess drug utilization pattern and cost analysis among the psychiatric patients treated with various benzodiazepine derivatives.Methods: This observational study was conducted in department of psychiatric, RMMCH, Annamalai University. The study period was 6 months (November 2018 to April 2019). A total of 50 psychiatric patients were included.Results: A total 50 patients among them 64% (32) males and 36% (18) female, were included in the study. Most of the patient were between the age groups of 18-29 years (30%). The most common clinical condition treated with benzodiazepines were alcohol dependence syndrome/alcohol withdrawal syndrome/ alcohol related psychotic disorder (34%). The majority of patients were prescribed with clonazepam (66.67%). The defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 bed days of benzodiazepines were found to be 0.89. In this study the comparison of cost analysis for the drug used and it was found that lorazepam (122%) are most expensive followed by chlordiazepoxide (93.3%) and clonazepam (78.57%). The cheapest drug was nitrazepam (36.84%).Conclusions: The majority of the patient admitted in the psychiatric department were suffering from Alcohol depending syndrome/alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The most commonly prescribed benzodiazepine was clonazepam followed by lorazepam and least prescribed diazepam and nitrazepam based on defined daily dose concept.

scholarly journals Drug utilization pattern among geriatrics according to anatomical therapeutic chemical and defined daily dose classification in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989
Author(s):  
T. Muneswar Reddy ◽  
Thammi Setty Durga Prasad ◽  
Allikesam Hemalatha ◽  
Vanam Chanukya ◽  
Bandi Lakshmi Sirisha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Daily Dose

Background: This study was conducted to determine the drug utilization pattern among geriatric inpatients in general medicine department of the hospital.Methods: An observational, prospective study was conducted for a period of six months (November 2016 to April 2017) among 200 geriatric patients; demographic details, education, occupation, diagnosis and drug details were recorded. The drugs were categorized by anatomical therapeutic classification (ATC) and defined daily dose (DDD) was calculated. The World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators were assessed.Results: The majority of the patients (59%) were in age group of 60-69 years. Cardiovascular diseases were common among geriatrics. Most commonly prescribed drug was Pantoprazole (81.7%). Drugs were assigned with ATC/DDD codes according to the guidelines of WHO. Drugs prescribed by their generic names were 56.64% and 43% of drugs that were included in the National Essential Medicines List.Conclusions: Clinical pharmacist have to collaborate and work together with physicians in selecting and adjusting the dose among geriatric population in order to reduce development of potential adverse drug reactions, serious drug related complications and drug interaction.

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF PRESCRIBED DAILY DOSE OF ANTICOAGULANTS IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Venkateshwarlu K ◽  
Joshua Jacinth Tp ◽  
Praneeth G ◽  
Anusha G ◽  
Rahul Goud N
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Daily Dose

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify the commonly prescribed anticoagulants and to study the prescription pattern of anticoagulants in various indications and to calculate prescribing daily dose (PDD) and to compare PDD with defined daily dose of anticoagulants.Methods: A total of 119 patients of all age groups, either of sex who are receiving anticoagulant therapy were included in this prospective observational study done in limited period of 6 months in the inpatient department of general medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, and surgery. Patients who are non-cooperative, cancer patients, psychiatric patients, and patients on hemodialysis and receiving anticoagulant treatment, and patients suffering from end-stage renal disease and hepatic failure are excluded from the study.Results: In this study, we found that heparin, Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), warfarin, and acenocoumarol are the most commonly used drugs, of which heparin is highly prescribed. The use of anticoagulants in cardiovascular diseases was found to be high compared to other indications. PDD: DDD of warfarin is 0.46, acenocoumarol is 0.75, i.e., half the dose of drug showed its effectiveness, whereas heparin is 1.86, LMWH’s is 2.9, i.e., double the dose is used to treat the disease effectively. A total of eight adverse drug reactions are observed with Vitamin K antagonists, i.e., 6.72%.Conclusion: We observed that the anticoagulants were not prescribed as the WHO defined doses in the study site. Vitamin K antagonists were prescribed at half of the WHO defined doses and heparin derivatives were prescribed at increased doses and sometimes double the WHO defined doses; these variations may be due to disease characteristics or patient characteristics or drug characteristics.

scholarly journals Drug Utilization Evaluation of Lorazepam in Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Patients: A Secondary Care Teaching Hospital Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Divine Varghese ◽  
Purnima Ashok ◽  
Shristi Nayak ◽  
Atul Aby Jacob ◽  
K. Vishnu Dev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Keywords Alcohol ◽  
Drug Utilization Evaluation

Background: Drug utilization evaluation is an important parameter for the safe, effective and rational use of medications in medical care. Alcoholism results in abundant cases of alcohol withdrawal which can prove to be life-threatening if untreated, lorazepam is a drug of choice for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome and requires close monitoring as its over-dosing or under-dosing is common in case of withdrawal. Objective:  ensures the safe and rational use of Lorazepam in the management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. Materials and Method: This prospective, observational study was conducted among alcoholic patients admitted in the KC General Hospital, Karnataka, India. Baseline data for Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol revised scale (CIWA-Ar) was collected on the day of admission and the response to lorazepam treatment was recorded using the same with respect to the baseline data every 12th hourly after the initial administration until withdrawn. Results: Statistical analysis for 72 patients was done using ANOVA to calculate the overall progression of the syndrome with treatment. Among 72 patients 94.44% were male and 5.55% were female. The mean age of patients reported with AWS was found to be 44.90 years. A significant CIWA-Ar score reduction was observed with a p-value of <0.0001. Conclusion: Our study revealed a strong predominance of male patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome, where maximum patients started consuming alcohol before the age of 20 years. After the administration of lorazepam, a significant CIWA-Ar score reduction was observed. Keywords: Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, CIWA-Ar scale, Drug utilization evaluation, Lorazepam.

Treatment of the Acute Alcohol-Withdrawal Syndrome

1958 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Godfrey ◽  
Martin D. Kissen ◽  
Thomas M. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

scholarly journals Should the CIWA-Ar be the standard monitoring strategy for alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the intensive care unit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa L. Steel ◽  
Shewit P. Giovanni ◽  
Sarah C. Katsandres ◽  
Shawn M. Cohen ◽  
Kevin B. Stephenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Verbal Responses

Abstract Background The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-Revised (CIWA-Ar) is commonly used in hospitals to titrate medications for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), but may be difficult to apply to intensive care unit (ICU) patients who are too sick or otherwise unable to communicate. Objectives To evaluate the frequency of CIWA-Ar monitoring among ICU patients with AWS and variation in CIWA-Ar monitoring across patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods The study included all adults admitted to an ICU in 2017 after treatment for AWS in the Emergency Department of an academic hospital that standardly uses the CIWA-Ar to assess AWS severity and response to treatment. Demographic and clinical data, including Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) assessments (an alternative measure of agitation/sedation), were obtained via chart review. Associations between patient characteristics and CIWA-Ar monitoring were tested using logistic regression. Results After treatment for AWS, only 56% (n = 54/97) of ICU patients were evaluated using the CIWA-Ar; 94% of patients had a documented RASS assessment (n = 91/97). Patients were significantly less likely to receive CIWA-Ar monitoring if they were intubated or identified as Black. Conclusions CIWA-Ar monitoring was used inconsistently in ICU patients with AWS and completed less often in those who were intubated or identified as Black. These hypothesis-generating findings raise questions about the utility of the CIWA-Ar in ICU settings. Future studies should assess alternative measures for titrating AWS medications in the ICU that do not require verbal responses from patients and further explore the association of race with AWS monitoring.

scholarly journals Implications of a defined daily dose fixed database for drug utilization research studies: The case of statins in Portugal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Abrantes ◽  
Fernanda S. Tonin ◽  
Joana Reis‐Pardal ◽  
Margarida Castel‐Branco ◽  
Claudia Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Utilization Research ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Drug Utilization Research ◽  
Research Studies
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