Effects of menopause on corneal topography and dry eye

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen and progesterone on central corneal thickness, corneal curvature, and the development of dry eye in postmenopausal women.Methods: This is a case-control study including 54 premenopausal and 54 postmenopausal women. The two groups were compared in terms of follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, progesterone, and horizontal and vertical curvatures, astigmatism, central corneal thickness, Schirmer I test scores, and dry eye scores of both eyes.Results: In the postmenopausal women, central corneal thickness was significantly thinner in both eyes (p=0.017) and the Schirmer test scores were significantly lower both for the right (p=0.001) and the left eye (p=0.003). Estradiol levels were positively correlated with central corneal thickness (p=0.003-0.006) and Schirmer test scores (p=0.004-0.002) whereas progesterone levels showed a positive correlation only with Schirmer test scores (p=0.036-0.044). Although a significant positive correlation was found between estradiol levels and dry eye scores (p=0,009), no significant correlation was found between progesterone levels and dry eye scores (p=0,118).Conclusions: Age-related hormonal abnormalities lead to central corneal thinning, increased dry eye symptoms, and decreased tear flow, particularly in the postmenopausal term. Decreased estrogen levels are associated with central corneal thickness and dry-eye symptoms, decreased estrogen and progesterone levels correlates well with diminished tear production but progesterone levels does not effect dry-eye symptoms.

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Comparable effects on tear film parameters after femtosecond laser-assisted and conventional cataract surgery

International Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s10792-020-01532-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 3097-3104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marc Schargus ◽

Svetlana Ivanova ◽

Gesa Stute ◽

H. Burkhard Dick ◽

Stephanie C. Joachim

Keyword(s):

Femtosecond Laser ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Tear Film ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Fluorescein Staining ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

Abstract Purpose Dry eye symptoms after conventional cataract surgery are a very common problem. Until now, only few data are available on objective tear film parameters in regard to femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (LCS). Aim of this study was therefore to analyze and compare tear film parameter changes between LCS and conventional cataract surgery. Methods A consecutive group of 34 patients, scheduled for cataract surgery, were randomly selected for either LCS or conventional cataract surgery (17 patients/group). Tear film assessments including tear film osmolarity, Schirmer test, MMP-9 analysis via quantitative ELISA, corneal sensitivity, corneal fluorescein staining, and conjunctival fluorescein staining were sequentially evaluated pre- as well as 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Results Both groups showed no significant difference in baseline characteristics. All surgeries were performed without any complications. After 1 and 3 months, there was no statistically significant difference in regard to tear film osmolarity (1 month: p = 0.81, 3 months: p = 1.0), Schirmer test (1 month: p = 0.35, 3 month: p = 0.08), and MMP-9 concentration (1 month: p = 0.36, 3 month: p = 0.28) between the two groups. Conclusions Neither LCS nor conventional cataract surgery affected objective tear film parameters significantly during our 3-month postoperative observation period. Hence, both surgical techniques can be equally used to treat patients without prior dry eye symptoms.

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Dry eye syndrome and cataract surgery

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1904105b ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (3-4) ◽

pp. 105-109

Author(s):

Stefan Brunet ◽

Vladimir Canadanovic ◽

Nikola Babic ◽

Aleksandar Miljkovic ◽

Sandra Jovanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Body Sensation ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

Introduction. Dry eye syndrome has become a common problem after ocular surgeries with a significant impact on the quality of life. Many patients, who have undergone cataract surgery, postop?eratively developed dry eye symptoms. Dry eye syndrome is one of the risk factors associated with cataract surgery. Material and Methods. The prospective study included 80 patients. We recorded the self-reported dry eye symptoms, the values of Schirmer test, tear breakup time, and best corrected visual acuity preoperatively, as well as 7 days and 1 month after the surgery. Results. A total of 80 patients were included in the study, 45 (56.2%) females and 35 (43.8%) males. The mean age of patients was 61.5 years (SD ? 6.2, range 57 - 70 years). The best corrected visual acuity at the time of surgery was 0.4 or less in 70 patients (87.5%). Most patients reported a significant improvement in visual acuity after surgery; 68 (85%) eyes achieved a best corrected visual acuity of 0.5 or higher (median 0.7; range 0.5 - 1.0). The mean tear breaking time in cata?ract patients before surgery was 12.4 sec, 7 days after the surgery it was 8.2 sec (p < 0.05) and 1 moth after the surgery 11.1 sec. The majority of patients had mild (47.5%) and moderate (33.75%) Schirmer test values. Dry eye with wetting < 5 mm after 5 minutes was found in 16.2% of patients before cataract surgery; 7 days after the surgery (p < 0.05) it was found in 23.75% of patients and one month after surgery 11.1 sec. A foreign body sensation and watery eye were the most reported symptoms before cataract surgery. Seven days after the surgery foreign body sensation was present in 48.75% and watery eyes in 40% of patients. Conclusion. Significant increase in dry eye symptoms after cataract surgery was found with increasing age. Self reported dry eye problems are more common in patients with lower Schirmer test and best corrected visual acu?ity values before cataract surgery. Patients with concomitant dry eye disease require preoperative and postoperative treatment of dry eye to prevent aggravation of the existing symptoms that may affect the visual outcome after cataract surgery.

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The Improvement of Dry Eye Symptoms after Pinguecula Excision and Conjunctival Autograft with Fibrin Glue

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/6438157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jinho Jeong ◽

Gabriel M. Rand ◽

Taejung Kwon ◽

Ji-Won Kwon

Keyword(s):

Symptom Score ◽

Fibrin Glue ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Conjunctival Autograft ◽

Postoperative Changes ◽

Symptom Scores ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

Purpose. To evaluate the association between pinguecula excision and subsequent improvement in dry eye syndrome. Methods. We included 30 consecutive patients with primary nasal pinguecula and dry eye symptoms undergoing ocular surgery for the first time. Criteria for pinguecula excision surgery were nasal location, yellowish color, and protrusion of conjunctiva at least 2 times thicker than adjacent normal conjunctiva as measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Our primary outcomes were 3-month postoperative changes in tear film breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer test, and a dry eye symptom score. Results. 30 eyes from 30 different patients (12 men and 18 women) underwent pinguecula excision and conjunctival autografting using fibrin glue. The mean age was 42.5 ± 8.35 (range 28–63) years. The preoperative protrusion ratio of pinguecula was 2.33 ± 0.28 (range 2.00–2.90). Mean preoperative TBUT, Schirmer test, and dry eye symptom scores were 5.10 ± 1.27 seconds, 6.07 ± 2.27 mm, and 2.80 ± 0.76 points. Mean postoperative 3-month TBUT, Schirmer test, and dry eye symptom scores were 7.80 ± 1.13 seconds, 7.27 ± 2.02 mm, and 0.30 ± 0.47 points, respectively. The median pre- and postoperative changes were found to be statistically significant by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for TBUT, Schirmer test score, and dry eye symptom score. Conclusion. Surgical excision of pinguecula and conjunctival autograft using fibrin glue is an effective and safe method to improve symptoms of dry eye syndrome.

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High Levels of 17β-Estradiol Are Associated with Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 Activity in Tears of Postmenopausal Women with Dry Eye

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2016/2415867 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Guanglin Shen ◽

Xiaoping Ma

Keyword(s):

Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Sex Steroids ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Metalloproteinase 9 ◽

Estradiol Levels

Purpose. To determine the serum levels of sex steroids and tear matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 concentrations in postmenopausal women with dry eye.Methods. Forty-four postmenopausal women with dry eye and 22 asymptomatic controls were enrolled. Blood was drawn and analyzed for serum levels of sex steroids and lipids. Then, the following tests were performed: tear collection, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, fluorescein tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer test, and conjunctival impression cytology. The conjunctival mRNA expression and tear concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured.Results. Serum 17β-estradiol levels were significantly higher in the dry eye subjects than in the controls (P=0.03), whereas there were no significant differences in levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and progesterone. Tear MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations (P<0.001), as well as the MMP-9 mRNA expression in conjunctival samples (P=0.02), were significantly higher in dry eye subjects than in controls. Serum 17β-estradiol levels were positively correlated with tear MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations and negatively correlated with Schirmer test values.Conclusions. High levels of 17β-estradiol are associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 activity in tears of postmenopausal women with dry eye.

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Assessment Of Dry Eye Symptoms And Quality Of Sleep In Engineering Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3593 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 1202-1207

Author(s):

Pavithra S ◽

Dheepak Sundar M

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Screen Time ◽

Engineering Students ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

To assess dry eye symptoms (DES) and quality of sleep in engineering students during the Covid19 pandemic lockdown and also to assess the association between DES and sleep quality. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out among 396 engineering students studying in Saveetha engineering college. The study tool used was a semi-structured google form questionnaire designed for assessing digital device usage, symptoms of dry eye disease and sleep pattern. Responses were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Overall 64.1% attained a score of more than 10, indicating the presence of DES. 70.2% of the study population used digital screens for more than 13 hours. A statistically significant association was found between increased screen time and presence of DES(p<0.05). 64.9% had a score of >18 indicating reduced sleep quality. About 77.1% of the students with DES had reduced sleep quality, and a significant association (p<0.01) was observed between the two. During the Covid19 pandemic lockdown, there appears to be rising prevalence of DES in student population, one of the reasons being increased screen time. The sleep quality was also found to be reduced, and a significant association was found between DES and sleep quality.

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