A cadaveric study on anatomical variations of kidney and ureter in India

Background: The kidneys are a pair of bean - shaped organ located in the back of the abdomen between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is about 4 or 5 inches long - about the size of a fist. The objective of this study was to study the major anatomical variations of kidney and urinary tract.Methods: The study was conducted during routine dissections of 32 cadavers over a period of 5 years. All specimens included in the study was adult cadavers of which 20 were males and 12 were females.Results: Out of 32 cadavers, 1 cadaver showed bilateral and 2 showed unilateral (2 L) lobulated kidney, 2 cadavers showed unilateral (1 L,1 R) and 1 showed bilateral accessory renal artery. 2 cadavers showed unilateral (1 L,1 R) incomplete double ureter.Conclusions: 12.5% of the cadavers showed anatomical variations in kidney and 6.25% showed bifid ureter. The knowledge of anatomical variations of kidney and ureter is of great importance for surgical, radiological and academic perspective. Hence, the early detection may be helpful in better management and increased survival rates.

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Computed Tomography Angiography-Based Evaluation of Anatomical Variations of the Celiac ‎Trunk and Renal Arteries

International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine ◽

10.32598/ijmtfm.v10i3.27797 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 27797

Author(s):

Sara Besharat ◽

Parima Safe ◽

Husain Karrabi ◽

Nasser Malekpour Alamdari

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Renal Artery ◽

Computed Tomography Angiography ◽

Celiac Trunk ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Left Gastric Artery ◽

Renal Arteries ◽

Gastric Artery ◽

Accessory Renal Artery ◽

Prevalent Form

Background: The abdominal aorta and its main branches, such as the celiac trunk and the renal arteries are manipulated during various radiologic, surgical, and oncologic procedures. This study aimed at evaluating the anatomical pattern of these vessels to assist surgeons and radiologists reduce the risk of intra- as well as postoperative complications. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 536 Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) studies of living potential kidney donors was conducted from January 2012 to December 2018. Results: The anatomical variations of the celiac trunk was found in 9.5% of the cases. Among these cases, the most frequent variation was the Left Gastric Artery (LGA) as the first branch of the celiac trunk (80.4% of the cases). Gender was not overall significantly associated with the variations of the celiac trunk (P=0.670); however, there was a significant correlation between male gender and the most prevalent form of the celiac trunk variation (P=0.004). Variations of the renal artery occurred in 22.94% of the cases, with the left accessory renal artery being the most common variant (28.45% of the cases). Gender and the involved side (right/left) were not significantly related to the renal artery variations (P=1.000 & P=0.546, respectively). No concomitant variation of the celiac trunk and the renal artery was detected in our study. Conclusion: The anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and the renal arteries occur commonly; thus, the branching pattern of these arteries should be assessed prior to any procedure concerning them.

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A Unique Case of Incomplete Bifid Ureter and Associated Arterial Variations

Case Reports in Urology ◽

10.1155/2021/6655813 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Shivika Ahuja ◽

Hannah Sullivan ◽

Mark Noller ◽

Yun Tan ◽

Daniel Daly

Keyword(s):

Renal Artery ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Left Renal Artery ◽

Renal Vasculature ◽

Duplex Kidney ◽

Ovarian Artery ◽

Psoas Major Muscle ◽

Bifid Ureter

Introduction. Urogenital and vascular anomalies, including a left duplex kidney and a left aberrant renal artery that gave rise to the left ovarian artery, were observed in a 77-year-old female cadaver during a routine dissection. Description. A left aberrant renal artery, which gave rise to the left ovarian artery, was observed originating from the aorta 4 cm below the left renal artery. Two independent contributions to a bifid ureter were found originating from the hilum of the left kidney. These two contributions descended 12.4 cm and 10.6 cm, respectively, posterior to the left aberrant renal artery and lateral to the left ovarian artery before uniting anterior to the psoas major muscle to descend 12.7 cm to the bladder. Significance. While the duplex kidney is a relatively common congenital anomaly that can be asymptomatic, it can also potentially be associated with compression of renal vasculature or the ureter. Ureteral compression can then result in several pathologies including reflux, urinary tract infection (UTI), ureteropelvic junction obstruction, or hydronephrosis. Compression of renal and ovarian vasculature can result in altered blood flow to the kidney and ovary, potentially causing fibrosis, atrophy, or organ failure. Current imaging techniques alone are insufficient for correct diagnostics of such complications, and they must be supplemented with a thorough understanding of the respective anatomical variations.

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Cadaveric Study of Anatomical Variations of Renal Arteries

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20211251 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 418-423

Author(s):

Pitta Venkata Chandrika ◽

Lakshmi Durga Jakka

Keyword(s):

Renal Transplant ◽

Renal Artery ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Renal Arteries ◽

Lower Pole ◽

Renal Angiography ◽

Accessory Renal Artery ◽

Medical College ◽

Human Cadavers ◽

Accessory Renal Arteries

Introduction: Anatomical variations of renal artery are important to prevent complications during renal transplant surgery or renal angiography. Of this additional renal artery is the most common. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in 80 kidneys of 40 adult human cadavers in Department of Anatomy, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada over a period of 4 years (2017 to 2021) during educational dissections. Results: Accessory renal arteries are observed in the present study. Origins of these accessory renal arteries are noted along with their entry point into the kidneys. These results were compared with previous studies. Conclusion: Prior knowledge of these variations is important to prevent complications during surgical and angiographic interventions. Keywords: Renal arteries, Accessory renal artery, Aberrant renal artery, Upper pole, Lower pole, Hilum.

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