scholarly journals Prediabetes and serum insulin levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwaleed Altemani ◽  
Ali Alamri ◽  
Mahir Ahmed ◽  
Mosaed Al Garbo ◽  
Tariq Alharbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular And Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Fasting Insulin Level

Prediabetes remains a diagnostic dilemma. It refers to impaired glycaemic values without reaching the threshold for diagnosing diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes is an important risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus, and it constitutes the stage during which microvascular and macrovascular complications are initiated. Early and accurate identification of this stage is the gold standard for prevention of diabetes and its consequences. Despite the multiplicity of diagnostic tests proposed for identification of this condition, a reliable test remains elusive. This article aims at reviewing the different available tests for diagnosis of prediabetes states with a focus on serum insulin levels. Insulin plays a major role in the pathophysiology and development of prediabetes. Different mechanisms of insulin resistance and insulin secretion are established in different subtypes of prediabetes. Therefore, fasting insulin level seems to be a reliable and promising tool for diagnosis and management of prediabetes.  

Influence of gestational age on serum incretin levels in preterm infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shoji ◽  
A. Watanabe ◽  
N. Ikeda ◽  
M. Mori ◽  
T. Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Late Group

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are the incretin hormones secreted from the intestine in response to enteral feeding to stimulate insulin secretion. We investigated the relationship serum GIP and GLP-1 levels with gestational age, and insulin secretion in preterm infants. Serum GIP and GLP-1 levels were measured at birth and at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after birth in 30 infants, including 12 born before 30th week of gestation (early group) and 18 born after 30th week of gestation (late group). Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were measured, and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was also calculated. The levels of GLP-1 at 2 and 4 weeks were significantly higher in the early group than those in the late group. The levels of GIP were not significantly different between two groups. At 4 weeks, serum insulin level was significantly higher and QUICKI was significantly lower in the early group. Furthermore, GLP-1 levels were significantly correlated with QUICKI and the serum insulin levels in all infants at 4 weeks. In preterm infants, enteral feeding to premature intestine may be associated with GLP-1 secretion. GLP-1 is also related to stimulated insulin secretion in early postnatal period.

scholarly journals Effect of exercise on basal insulin levels in normoglycaemic offspring of patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
EO Taiwo ◽  
OA Sofola ◽  
AA Fasanmade ◽  
G Onyemelukwe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Graded Exercise

Background: Low basal insulin level is a risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a result of altered insulin sensitivity pattern. However, it is uncertain if exercise may influence the occurrence of T2DM in the offspring of diabetic parents. Objective: To assess the effect of exercise on basal insulin levels in the offspring of T2DM parents compared with the offspring of non-diabetic parents.Design: The participants were assigned into four groups using a convenience sampling method; 27 Normal-weight Offspring of Non-Diabetic Parents (NONDP), 21 Normal-weight Offspring of Diabetic Parents (NODP), 26 Overweight Offspring of Non-Diabetic Parents (OONDP) and 21 Overweight Offspring of Diabetic Parents (OODP). Each participant followed a protocol of graded exercise using ''tummy trimmer'' everyday spending 30-45 minutes daily for 24 weeks. Blood samples were obtained after overnight fasting for determination of insulin level using standard methods (immunoassay technique) at baseline, six weeks, 12 weeks, 18 weeks and 24 weeks respectively.Results: There were 23/42 males (54.8%) in the study groups and 34/51 females (64.2%) in the control groups. Thirty-one (58.7%) in the control group and 24 (57.1%) in the study group were aged 21-30 years. An increase in insulin levels was recorded at 12 weeks in all groups except in NONDP where the insulin levels decreased. The insulin level change was highest in the NODP (2.25ng/ml) group.Conclusions: Graded exercise improved insulin levels in all test groups. The clinical importance of graded exercise in the prevention of diabetes mellitus among the offspring of diabetic parents may be promising.  

scholarly journals Serum Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol levels and its Relation with type 2 148 Diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Nahid Yeasmin ◽  
Qazi Shamima Akhter ◽  
Sayeeda Mahmuda ◽  
Romana Afroz ◽  
Sharmin Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Female Subjects

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread endocrine disorder in female and its complications are increasing all over the world, leading to life threatening medical problems like cardiovascular diseases, stroke and end stage renal diseases. A relation between hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus has been identified. The study was carried out to observe the serum triglycerides and total cholesterol levels its relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult female subjects. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of January 2011 to December 2011. A total number of sixty female subjects were selected with age ranging from30 to50 years. Among them 30 female subjects with diabetes were included from out-patient department of Endocrinology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka as study group(B) and 30 apparently healthy female were taken as control group(A) for comparison. Estimation of fasting serum triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were done by enzymatic method in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College Dhaka in both groups. Fasting serum insulin level was measured by ELISA method in the Department of Laboratory of National Institute of ENT, Dhaka and fasting blood glucose was estimated by glucose oxidase method in Department of Dhaka Medical College in both groups. Data were analyzed by Unpaired Student’s- test and Pearson’s correlation co-efficient (r) test as applicable. The value of fasting serum TG and TC level were significantly higher in study subjects than those of control. In study subjects fasting serum TG and fasting serum TC levels showed positive correlation with fasting blood glucose and serum insulin level. Conclusion: Present study revealed that fasting serum triglyceride (TG) and fasting serum cholesterol (TC) levels have positive relationship with fasting serum insulin and fasting blood glucose levels. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 148-154

scholarly journals Serum insulin levels are associated with vulnerable plaque components in the carotid artery: the Rotterdam Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Blerim Mujaj ◽  
Daniel Bos ◽  
Maryam Kavousi ◽  
Aad van der Lugt ◽  
Jan A Staessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Intraplaque Hemorrhage ◽  
Rotterdam Study ◽  
Lipid Core ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels

Background To investigate the association between fasting serum insulin and glucose levels with atherosclerotic plaque composition in the carotid artery. Impaired insulin and glucose levels are implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular disease; however, their influence on the formation and composition of atherosclerotic plaque remains unclear. Methods In 1740 participants (mean age 72.9 years, 46% women, 14.4% diabetes mellitus) from the population-based Rotterdam Study, we performed carotid MRI to evaluate the presence of calcification, lipid core, and intraplaque hemorrhage in carotid atherosclerosis. All participants also underwent blood sampling to obtain information on serum insulin and glucose levels. Using logistic regression models, we assessed the association of serum insulin and glucose levels (per s.d. and in tertiles) with the different plaque components, while adjusting for sex, age, intima-media thickness, and cardiovascular risk factors. Results Serum insulin levels were associated with the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.42 (95% CI: 1.12–1.7)) We found no association with the presence of calcification or lipid core. Sensitivity analyses restricted to individuals without diabetes mellitus yielded similar results. No associations were found between serum glucose levels and any of the plaque components. Conclusions Serum insulin levels are associated with the presence of vulnerable components of carotid plaque, specifically with intraplaque hemorrhage. These findings suggest a complex role for serum insulin in the pathophysiology of carotid atherosclerosis and in plaque vulnerability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of insulin resistance in a cohort of HIV-infected youth

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Rosso ◽  
Arianna Parodi ◽  
Giuseppe d'Annunzio ◽  
Francesca Ginocchio ◽  
Laura Nicolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Children And Young Adults

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic abnormalities, including impairment of glucose homeostasis, have been well characterized in HIV-infected patients. In contrast to adults, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus appear to be relatively uncommon finding in youth.DesignWe assessed insulin resistance, and associated risk factors, in a population of vertically HIV-infected children and young adults, when compared with a control population of healthy children.MethodsAt the time of enrolment, weeks of pregnancy, birth weight, sex, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), pubertal stages, CDC classification, blood pressure, clinical lipodystrophy, hepatitis B or C co-infection, antiretroviral therapy, CD4 T lymphocyte counts, and HIV-RNA levels were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. These parameters were compared between HIV patients and healthy controls with multivariate analyses.ResultsFasting insulin levels (OR=1.21, P<0.001) and glycemia (OR=0.89, P<0.001) were significantly different between HIV-infected patients and controls. Antiretroviral therapy duration (r=0.281, P<0.05), triglyceride levels (r=0.286, P<0.05), age (r=0.299, P<0.05), and BMI SDS (r=0.485, P<0.001) were significant predictor variables of insulin resistance, expressed as HOMA-IR. Moreover, clinical lipodystrophy seems to be strongly correlated to glycemia (P<0.05), triglyceride levels (P<0.05), serum insulin levels (P<0.001), HOMA-IR (P<0.05), and also with therapy duration (P<0.05).ConclusionsBoth HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy demonstrate differential effects on glucose metabolism in HIV-infected children. Targeted prevention of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected children and young adults is needed in order to avoid the associated long-term complications that would otherwise occur, given the improvement in life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals.

Serum insulin levels in untreated juvenile diabetes mellitus

1965 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Hulda J. Wohltmann ◽  
Mary E. Wesley ◽  
Ann J. Johanson
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Juvenile Diabetes ◽  
Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Levels
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