scholarly journals Clinicopathological study of solitary thyroid nodule in Kolhan belt of Jharkhand

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Rajeev Saxena ◽  
Shiwani Kanth ◽  
Rohit Kumar Jha ◽  
Devandra Jee
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid disorders are commonly encountered in our daily practice and specially in countries like India and Nepal (foothill areas). There are variety of lesions that can arise within thyroid gland. In such scenario it is important to diagnose neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions accurately with minimum complications so that proper management can be done as early as possible. The aim of the study was to know clinical spectrum of solitary thyroid nodules and diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology as compared to histopathological examination.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted our study over a period of 21 months from July 2018 to March 2020. 74 patients who gave consent and presented with solitary thyroid swelling were included in the study.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, cases mostly presented in the age group of 31-40 years with a female preponderance. Colloid goiter was the most common pathology which presented as solitary thyroid nodule. Among neoplastic lesions, follicular adenoma was the most common benign neoplasia with papillary thyroid carcinoma being the most common malignancy. FNAC had sensitivity of 78%, specificity-100%, positive predictive value-100%, negative predictive value-88% and diagnostic accuracy-92%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Majority of solitary thyroid nodules are found in females of middle age group. In our study we found FNAC as valuable diagnostic tool specially in benign cases.</p><p class="abstract"> </p><p> </p>

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Thyroid Nodules in Thammasat University Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1667-1670
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Follicular Neoplasm ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Malignancy Rate

Background: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a key investigation of thyroid nodules. There are several reports of FNA accuracy, which ranges from 75.0% to 94.8%, while false negative rates are 5.8% to 21.5%. In Thailand, there is no available data of FNA accuracy according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). The present study reported single-institute data of FNA accuracy, that could be used in thyroid nodule management. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology results of thyroid nodules collected in Thammasat University (TU) Hospital. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective study collected cytologic results of all thyroid nodules that subsequently had definitive histopathologic diagnoses. The data were gathered from clinics at TU Hospital that performed thyroid nodule FNA between May 2011 and November 2014. The FNA cytology results were classified according to TBSRTC. Each cytopathologic result was compared with its postoperative tissue histopathology. The malignancy rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated. Results: The present study included 197 thyroid nodule FNA cytology results. The sensitivity and specificity were 77.8% and 65.4%, respectively. The calculated PPV was found to be 47.7%, and the NPV was 87.9%. The accuracy of these results was 69.0%. The malignancy rate of the unsatisfactory group was 6.25%, benign group 8.05%, atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of unknown significance 22.22%, follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm 14.20%, suspicious for malignancy 73.68%, and malignant 100%. Conclusion: The FNA cytology in TU Hospital has comparable sensitivity to the other studies. Interestingly, the malignancy rate in the follicular neoplasm category is lower than that of the other institutes because of a high false positive rate in this category. This causes lower specificity and accuracy, which may cause a higher rate of unnecessary operations. Keywords: FNA; Thyroid nodule; Diagnostic accuracy

scholarly journals Correlation of clinical, cytological, sonological diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis in cases of clinically diagnosed solitary thyroid nodule

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2849
Author(s):  
Idoor D. Sachin ◽  
Muruganathan Omprakash ◽  
Pasham Amarendra
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Anterior Neck ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Final Answer

Background: Thyroid disorders are highly prevalent in India. Clinical examination although very accurate, is inadequate in some areas. Ultrasound is most sensitive method for detection, while FNAC is most accurate method for evaluation of thyroid nodules. Both are used along with clinical examination but have drawbacks and final answer to this problem is elusive. Hence this study was planned to evaluate the usefulness of clinical examination, FNAC and USG in managing thyroid nodule.Methods: Hundred patients with clinically solitary thyroid nodule were included. USG and FNAC of thyroid were conducted. They were operated and specimen was sent for histopathological examination (HPE). Histopathology reports were correlated with USG and FNAC.Results: The commonest age group with thyroid pathology was 31-40 years. Majority of patients were females. All patients presented with swelling in anterior neck. Majority of patients presented between 6 months to 3 years. Consistency of nodule was firm in 88 patients and hard in 12. On USG, 70 cases were benign, 25 malignant and 5 suspicious while, on FNAC, 61 had benign lesions, 29 suspicious and 10 malignant. Commonest surgery was hemithyroidectomy. Most common lesion was benign follicular adenoma by HPE.Conclusions: Majority of patients were females aged 31-40 years with swelling in anterior neck. Duration of swelling prior to presentation was 6 months to 3 years. Incidence of malignancy in solitary nodule of thyroid was 18%. On FNAC majority of the lesions were benign. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 74.3% and 100% while for USG was 73% and 85.3% respectively. 

THE RISK OF THYROID CANCER IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID NODULE 3 CM OR LARGER

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1286-1290
Author(s):  
Edy Kornelius ◽  
Shih-Chang Lo ◽  
Chien-Ning Huang ◽  
Yi-Sun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle

Objective: There are conflicting data on the risk of thyroid cancer in thyroid nodules 3 cm or larger, and few such studies on this issue have been conducted in Asia. This study aimed to examine the risk of thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodules 3 cm or larger. Methods: This was a 7-year retrospective study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in Taiwan. All patients with a thyroid nodule measuring ≥3 cm who underwent thyroid operation with or without fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) were included. The prevalence rate of thyroid cancer, as well as the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and false-negative rate of FNAB for thyroid nodule ≥3 cm were also examined. Results: A total of 132 patients were included in this study. Thyroid cancer was detected in 19 of 132 (14.4%) thyroid nodules measuring ≥3 cm. The performance of FNAB for detecting cancer in nodules 3 cm or larger without considering other ultrasonography parameters was relatively poor with a sensitivity of 50%, but the specificity (100%), PPV (100 %), and NPV (93.4 %) were excellent. Conclusion: The risk of thyroid cancer for thyroid nodules ≥3 cm in this study was low. The PPV and NPV of FNAB were high for the detection of cancer in large nodules. The decision to perform thyroidectomy should not be solely based on nodule size and should include other factors, such as ultrasound characteristics and surgical risk. Abbreviations: ATA = American Thyroid Association; FNAB = fine-needle aspiration biopsy; mPTC = micropapillary thyroid carcinoma; NPV = negative predictive value; PPV = positive predictive value; PTC = papillary thyroid carcinoma

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of the Bethesda System of Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology in the Evaluation of Thyroid Nodule in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (05) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Sweta Verma ◽  
Mita Saha Dutta Chowdhury ◽  
Souradeep Ray ◽  
Ruma Guha
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Cytopathology ◽  
The Bethesda System

BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer has the most rapidly increasing incidence of all major cancers in India. The overall prevalence of thyroid malignancy is approximately 1 - 5 % of all cancers in women and less than 2 % in men. Thyroid nodules are a common clinical finding and have a reported prevalence of 4 – 7 % in the general population. The vast majority of these nodules are non-neoplastic or benign and the risk of malignancy varies from 5 to 10 %. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an efficient and reliable means for the evaluation of thyroid nodules. A key challenge for clinicians is to choose which thyroid nodule is to be investigated further and treated. Early detection and treatment of malignant thyroid nodules is associated with excellent outcomes. The aim of our study is to compare and correlate between fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology of resected specimen and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of TBSRTC (The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology) in thyroid nodule. METHODS This is a cross sectional validation study conducted in a tertiary care hospital (R.G. Kar Medical College) of Kolkata to find the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of TBSRTC in evaluation of thyroid nodule. RESULTS We have observed that TBSRTC is highly sensitive and specific in stratifying the malignancy risk of thyroid nodule. CONCLUSIONS It aids the clinician to choose the thyroid nodules which require further evaluation and intervention. It also guides the clinician to decide the operability of thyroid nodule. TBSRTC is highly accurate and is highly specific in stratifying the risk of malignancy of thyroid nodule. KEYWORDS TBSRTC, FNAC, Thyroid Nodules, Thyroid Cancer

scholarly journals Prevalence of solitary thyroid nodule and evaluation of the risk factors associated with occurrence of malignancy in a solitary nodule of thyroid

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2279
Author(s):  
A. Manmadha Kishan ◽  
Kameshwari Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Neoplasm ◽  
Solitary Nodule ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule

Background: A solitary nodule may become cosmetically distressing to a patient and occasionally causes pressure symptoms. Less frequently, an autonomously hyper functioning single nodule may cause hyperthyroidism. However, in the greater proportion of patients the major concern relates to the potential of malignancy with in such a nodule. Objective of present study was to study prevalence of solitary thyroid nodule and evaluate the risk factors associated with occurrence of malignancy in a solitary nodule of thyroid.Methods: This is a prospective study of randomly selected patients with clinically palpable, solitary thyroid nodule diagnosed and treated at Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences Karimnagar. Total duration of study was two years, from 2010 October to 2012 September.Results: The prevalence was found to be 19.2% in the present study. Majority were females i.e. 86.7%. It was found that maximum i.e. 36% of the cases belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. Swelling of the thyroid region was present in all cases. 97% of the patients were found to be euthyroid. FNAC showed that majority had follicular neoplasm. Hemi-thyroidectomy was the most common method used in 62 cases. Cytology diagnosis as Follicular neoplasm was the most common indication of surgery in 34 cases. Follicular adenoma was the most common histopathological finding in 43% of the cases. Benign lesion was the most common lesion in both males and females. Papillary cancer was the most common. The sensitivity of FNAC was found to be 94%.Conclusions: FNAC is the gold standard for evaluation of solitary thyroid nodules with an accuracy of 94% in our study. Females are more commonly affected than Males. 11.4% of Solitary Thyroid nodules were malignant. Suspect malignancy at extremes of age. Malignant potential of solitary thyroid nodule after 6th decade is 50%.

scholarly journals Comparison of surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology with histopathological diagnosis of thyroid nodules

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ayoob Jat
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Objective: To assess the Solitary thyroid nodules by surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided FNAC and evaluate with the histopathological findings. Methods: This study includes 100 Consecutive patients of a solitary thyroid nodule which were presented to the Outpatients Department of Surgery during the period of two years from September 2016 to August 2018. Exclusion criteria were patients with extra-thyroid swelling, diffuse goiter and multinodular goiter. All patients with a solitary thyroid nodule underwent Surgeon –performed ultrasound-guided FNAC in the department of Radiology. After thyroid surgery, thyroid specimens were sent for histopathology and evaluate with FNAC findings. Results: The study included hundred patients with solitary thyroid nodule, 75(75%) female and 25 (25%) male with a ratio of F 3:1M. The age of the patients ranged from 15-75 years with a mean age of 35 years. The result of 100 cases of Surgeon –performed Ultrasound –guide FNAC of a solitary thyroid nodule were inconclusive in 10 cases (10%), Non-neoplastic in 60 cases (60%) and Neoplastic lesions in 30 cases (30%). After evaluation of findings from FNAC and histopathology, four cases with benign FNAC (adenomatous/colloid Goiter) turnout as neoplastic (papillary carcinoma) on histopathology and six cases with neoplastic FNAC (papillary carcinoma), just two cases turnout as benign (nodular colloid goiter with cystic degeneration) on histopathology. In present study Surgeon – performed Us FNAC has found to be 87.5% sensitive, 95.3% specific and 92.0% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: Surgeon – performed Ultrasound-guided FNAC is a safe, simple and accurate technique in the diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodule. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.537 How to cite this:Jat MA. Comparison of surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology with histopathological diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.537 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals FNAC IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOLITARY THYROID NODULE

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 596-603
Author(s):  
SOHAIL RAZA ◽  
HAMAD RAZA ◽  
ZAHID SAEED ◽  
Mubasher Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Benign Nodules ◽  
Histopathological Results

Objective: To determine the significant role of FNAC upon other diagnosticmodalities in pre-operative investigations of patients presenting with solitary thyroid nodules and to compare the postoperative histopathological results with the results of FNAC. Design: A Comparative study. Place and Duration ofStudy: Department of Surgery Combined Military Hospital Quetta and Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi fromDecember 1999 to December 2001. Patients and Methods: In this study 46 patients with solitary thyroid nodule werestudied. Only 2 patients were toxic while remaining 44 were with euthyroid. In this study only one case was suspectedto be malignant clinically out of 5 malignant cases. All 46 patients under went thyroid scanning, ultrasound examinationand fine needle aspiration biopsy and the diagnostic accuracy was assessed. Results: 36 patients (78.26%) wereoperated while 10(21.73%) were managed conservatively. There were 5(10.86%) malignant nodules while 41(89.13%)were benign. All the 5 cases with malignancy were with ‘cold’ nodules on scan as most of others, while ‘solid’ onultrasound examination and so were most of other benign nodules. All cases diagnosed malignant pre-operatively onFNAC, proved to be malignant on histopathology after surgery and the others diagnosed as benign on FNAC provedto be benign. Conclusion: This study shows that conventional investigations for evaluation of solitary thyroid nodulesare inaccurate in identifying the malignant from the benign nodules and their routine use in such patients should beabandoned, while the use of FNAC should be encouraged more in our hospitals as this technique is with high degreeof sensitivity and specificity, cost effective and safe.

scholarly journals Technetium scintigraphy as a predictive tool of thyroid malignancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Mohanty ◽  
Sreenivas . ◽  
Vinay Raj T. ◽  
Devipriya . ◽  
Vinoth M.
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Cold Nodule

<p class="abstract" style="display: inline !important;"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyromegaly is a common cause of physician consultation. Solitary thyroid nodules are conventionally viewed with suspicion. Clinical examination cannot reliably distinguish between a solitary thyroid nodule and a dominant nodule in multinodular goiter. Ultrasonographical examination has its own pitfalls. Technetium 99 is a commonly used modality for the functional assessment of solitary thyroid nodule detection. It has the advantage of low cost with lower radiation dose to the exposed patients. On literature search, studies on technetium 99 scintigraphy for thyroid in context to the Indian scenario do not yield much information and very few studies are notable. This study was conducted to correlate and qualify thyroid cold nodule as detected by Technetium 99 pertechnetate thyroid scan. <span lang="EN-IN">This study was conducted to correlate, qualify and compare the predictive value of Technetium 99 pertechnetate scintigraphy on solitary thyroid nodule via fine needle aspiration cytology and to countercheck with histopathological examination. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A prospective cohort study in a NABH, NAAC and JCI accredited tertiary care teaching university hospital was conducted over a period of 36 months. All the subjects underwent clinical assessment of the neck included standard examination techniques to segregate solitary thyroid nodules. They were then subjected to Technetium 99 pertechnate scintigraphy using the standard protocol. All the patients with solitary cold nodule underwent FNAC followed by nodule excision or hemi-thyroidectomy under general anaesthesia. All the specimens underwent histo-pathological examination by an experienced histopathologist. The results were statistically analysed using pearson chi-square test.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Cold nodules as detected by Technetium 99 pertechnetate thyroid scan is a reasonable indicator of probable malignancy via fine needle aspiration cytology. Occurrence of cold nodules is highest in 3<sup>rd</sup> to 5<sup>th</sup> decade of life (21-50 year age group). Occurrence of cold nodules is higher in females (83%) whereas occurrence of malignancy in cold nodules is higher in males (85%). Occurrence of malignancy in cold nodules is higher in subjects less than 21 and above 50 years. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Technetium 99m pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy is an important preoperative tool in management of thyroid nodules and its routine use in all such patients is recommended especially to rule out cold nodules.</span></p>

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