Do Slum Upgrading Programs Impact School Attendance?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wladimir Zanoni ◽  
Paloma Acevedo ◽  
Diego Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Fuzzy Regression ◽  
School Absences ◽  
Slum Upgrading

This paper analyzes how slum upgrading programs impact elementary school childrens attendance in Uruguay. We take advantage of the eligibility rule that deems slums eligible for a SUP program if they have 40 or more dwelling units. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity estimator, we find that students exposed to SUPs are 17 percent less likely to be at the 90th percentile of the yearly count of school absences. That effect appears to be driven by how SUPs impact girls. These interventions have effects that last for more than five years after their implementation. We discuss some critical urban and education policy implications of our findings.

Masking Attendance: How Education Policy Distracts from the Wicked Problem(s) of Chronic Absenteeism

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Childs ◽  
Richard Lofton
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Chronic Absenteeism ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Comprehensive Education ◽  
Opportunity Gaps

Traditionally, education policy focuses on reforms that address class size, teaching and learning within classrooms, school choice, and changes in leadership as ways to improve students’ educational outcomes. Although well intentioned, education policy can distract from the multi-layered causes that impact achievement and opportunity gaps, and how students’ life circumstances can affect their school attendance. Students who miss school frequently are less likely to be impacted by even the most robust and comprehensive education reforms. This paper discusses how the root causes of chronic absenteeism are complex and that policy distractions can stifle solutions to solve school attendance issues. As a wicked problem, chronic absenteeism, requires a conceptual framework that helps to organize policy responses within all levels of the educational system, as well as expansive to include other social sectors within public policy.

Household consumption and home production at retirement in Thailand: evidence from a regression discontinuity approach

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Sasiwooth Wongmonta
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Fuzzy Regression ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Home Work ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design

Abstract This paper uses Socio-Economic Surveys covering the period from 2013 to 2019 and the 2015 Time Use Survey to investigate the extent to which household consumption changes at retirement in Thailand. A fuzzy regression discontinuity design is applied to evaluate the retirement effect on total household expenditure and expenditures on four major categories: food-at-home, work-related items, non-durable entertainment, and others. The results reveal that retirement decreases household expenditure by 11%. Further investigations show that the dramatic declines in expenditures on work-related and non-durable entertainment contribute significantly to the spending drop at retirement. The magnitudes of the declines are more pronounced for low-income and low-wealth households. The results also indicate that the retirees spend more leisure time on home production activities after retirement. Once accounting for this effect, it finds that the drop in total household expenditure decreases to 6%. These results suggest that the sizable consumption expenditure drop at retirement is due to substituting away from market purchased goods toward home-produced goods.

Scholarship and Supercomplexity

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-282
Author(s):  
Kerri-Lee Krause
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Education Environment

In this chapter, links between the constructs of scholarship and supercomplexity in higher education are examined, along with policy implications. Boyer's holistic, joined-up conceptualization of scholarship is recognised as seminal, yet in many cases, application of his work has led to fragmentation of academic work in an already-fractured, supercomplex higher education environment. The scene is set by considering a range of dimensions of the scholarship construct within higher education. Particular emphasis is placed on scholarship as it relates to academic roles and identities. In this section, account is also taken of the challenges encountered by faculty, managers, and policy-makers alike in drawing connections and distinctions between scholarship and research in academic work. Consideration then shifts to implications for higher education policy and policy-makers at the macro – national and international, meso-institutional, and micro-departmental and individual levels.

Implications for Practice, Education, Policy, and Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-240
Author(s):  
Lea Tufford
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Practice Education

This chapter presents a discussion of practice, education, policy, and research implications pertaining to the mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect. The first section centres on implications for practice in urban, suburban, rural, and remote environments and includes aspects such as working with colleagues, reporting in the workplace, and discussing the limits of confidentiality. What follows are implications for educators of future mandatory reporters. These implications explore educating students in the typology of child abuse and neglect, working in Northern Canada, and the importance of reflection. This chapter also includes suggestions for training that can be incorporated into the curriculum such as reflection, experiential exercises, case vignette, and simulation. The latter half of the chapter explores policy implications with specific attention to data collection and analysis of reported children and families in an effort to detect and respond to racial disparities in the child welfare system. At a national level, implications also include greater consistency in mandatory reporting legislation between provinces and territories. The chapter concludes with implications for research and focuses specifically on furthering our understanding of decision-making processes and disclosure within child sexual abuse.

scholarly journals Place-Based Policies and the Housing Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans R. A. Koster ◽  
Jos van Ommeren
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Fuzzy Regression ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design

We study the economic effects of place-based policies in the housing market, by investigating the effects of a place-based program on prices of surrounding owner-occupied properties. The program improved the quality of public housing in 83 impoverished neighborhoods throughout the Netherlands. We combine a first-difference approach with a fuzzy regression-discontinuity design to address the fundamental issue that these neighborhoods are endogenously treated. Improvements in public housing induced surrounding housing prices to increase by 3.5%. The program's external benefits are sizable and at least half of the value of investments in public housing.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Educational Settings and School Absenteeism for Children With Disabilities

AERA Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 233285841878557
Author(s):  
Arya Ansari ◽  
Michael A. Gottfried
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
First Grade ◽  
School Year ◽  
Academic Benefits ◽  
Full Day Kindergarten ◽  
School Absences ◽  
Full Day ◽  
Kindergarten Class

Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 were used to examine the implications of preschool and full-day kindergarten enrollment for the subsequent school absences of 2,056 children with disabilities. Results suggest that children with disabilities who went to preschool were absent less frequently in kindergarten, but these benefits did not persist through the end of first grade. Conversely, children with disabilities who attended full-day kindergarten programs were absent more frequently during the kindergarten year as compared with children in part-day programs, but these children experienced a sharper drop in absenteeism throughout the following school year resulting in no differences in school absences in first grade. No multiplicative benefits emerged for attending both preschool and full-day kindergarten. And even though these aforementioned benefits of preschool diminished rapidly, there were lingering academic benefits through the end of first grade because of improvements in earlier school attendance.

scholarly journals Retirement and Home Production: A Regression Discontinuity Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Stancanelli ◽  
Arthur Van Soest
Keyword(s):  
Private Consumption ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Female Partner ◽  
Fuzzy Regression ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Joint Behavior ◽  
Identification Strategy

Existing studies show that individuals who retire replace some private consumption with home production, but do not consider joint behavior of couples. Here we analyze the causal effect of retirement of each partner on hours of home production for both partners in a couple. Our identification strategy exploits the earliest age retirement laws in France, enabling a fuzzy regression discontinuity approach. We find that own retirement significantly increases own hours of home production and the effect is larger for men than for women. Moreover, retirement of the female partner significantly reduces male hours of home production but not vice versa.

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