scholarly journals THE NEST, EGGS, AND NESTLING OF COOPMANS’S ELAENIA ELAENIA BRACHYPTERA (TYRANNIDAE)

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Harold Francis Greeney ◽  
Kimberly S. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
River Floodplains ◽  
Nest Placement ◽  
Periodic Flooding ◽  
First Descriptions

 We provide the first descriptions of the nest, eggs, and nestling of Coopmans’s Elaenia Elaenia brachyptera  from the foothills of northeastern Ecuador. We describe 7 active nests, 10 eggs, and 1 mid-aged nestling. Nests are open cups, woven of flexible, pale fibers and rootlets, externally decorated with various loosely-arranged materials. They are placed in small saplings within flat, rocky, river floodplains. Nest placement and architecture make nests difficult to distinguish from naturally accumulated materials left behind by periodic flooding. Clutch size ranged from 1–2 eggs and we estimate incubation to last 15–16 days. Eggs are typical of the genus, buffy to creamy white with small cinnamon and lavender spots and blotches concentrated at the larger end. We also provide a comprehensive review of published literature on the nests, eggs, and breeding ecology for the genus Elaenia, including studies on 30 of the 46 currently recognized taxa.

New Nesting Records and Breeding Ecology Observations of Rufous-legged Owls in the Mediterranean Temperate Forest of Central Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín A. H. Escobar ◽  
M. Angélica Vukasovic ◽  
Jorge A. Tomasevic ◽  
Sandra V. Uribe ◽  
Ana M. Venegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Nestling Diet ◽  
Nestling Period ◽  
Nothofagus Forests ◽  
Southern Beech

ABSTRACT The Rufous-legged Owl (Strix rufipes) is the southernmost Strix owl species and its breeding ecology remains little known. We report new observations on the species' breeding ecology, including clutch size, egg size, duration of the incubation and nestling periods, and nestling diet. We conducted our observations on nests found during the summers of 1999 through 2004 in a forestry landscape of central Chile, dominated by Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) plantations with intermixed fragments of native southern beech (Nothofagus) forests. Clutch size was two eggs (n = 2 nests), with one egg larger than the other (mean = 48.8 × 40.1 mm). The incubation period was 30 d and the nestling period 34 d. We analyzed 10 pellets from nestling owls and identified 45 prey items, mostly dominated by large beetles, grasshoppers, and rodents (native and exotic). This information, though based on a limited number of nests, provides baseline ecological data that can inform future studies.

Breeding Ecology of the Western Long-billed Corella, Cacatua pastinator pastinator

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Smith
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wing Growth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Older Siblings

The breeding ecology of a small population of the western long-billed corella, Cacatua p. pastinator, was investigated for 6 years in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia. Pair-bonds tended to be long-lasting; however, the divorce rate for birds breeding for the first time was 25% with an overall rate of 15%. Females formed stable pair-bonds by age 2, and bred for the first time between 3 and 5 years old; males started breeding when 5 years old. Clutches (range from one to four, mode three) were started in early August; 78% are started in the last 3 weeks of the month. Mean clutch size, brood size and number fledged were 2.7 , 1.9 and 1.6 respectively; there were no significant differences in these parameters among the six years of the study. Hatching was asynchronous and was followed by the death of the young nestlings when they were significantly smaller (77%) than their older siblings. Nestlings fledged when they were about 60 days old; neither their mass or degree of wing growth influenced fledging age. Mean mass of fledglings from broods of three was significantly greater than that of broods of two or one. Productivity was assessed by the numbers of young fledging, surviving the post-fledging period, and reaching independence. Neither mass nor condition at fledging influenced any of these measures; productivity in all three increased with clutch size. Rainfall and temperature had no influence on the numbers fledged, but the number reaching independence was significantly and positively correlated with the mean maximum summer temperature. The results are discussed in relation to the results from studies of other species of cockatoos living in the wheatbelt of Western Australia.

scholarly journals Comparison of Nesting Features and Breeding Success of Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur between Orchards and Riparian Habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ismail Mansouri ◽  
Wafae Squalli ◽  
Abdelbari El Agy ◽  
Abderahim El-Hassani ◽  
Lahcen El Ghadraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Riparian Trees ◽  
Nest Placement ◽  
Turtle Dove ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Streptopelia Turtur

The European turtle dove Streptopelia turtur breeds in both farmlands and woodlands, and it is important to explore the difference in breeding ecology of this threatened game in these two ecosystem types. This study, carried out during four years (2015–2018), compares nesting features of this species and its breeding success between apple orchards and riparian vegetation in Midelt Province, Morocco. The main result revealed that the nest placement, including nesting-tree height and nest height, is similar between orchards and riparian trees. However, the nest dimensions (big and small diameters) were larger in orchards. Correlations were variable among nest placement parameters and dimensions. On the contrary, in four breeding seasons, where 566 nests were monitored (467 in orchards and 99 in riparian sites), the average breeding success was different (57% of chicks in apple farms and 53% in riparian vegetation). Moreover, in apple orchards, clutches’ failure is due to both predation (18.89% of eggs and 10.54% of chicks) and temperature lowering (5.03% of unhatched eggs and 5.49% of dead chicks), while in riparian vegetation, the loss is due to nest desertion (21.33% of clutches) and mostly predation (33.16% of clutches).

Cavity size, clutch-size and the breeding ecology of Tree Swallows Tachycineta bicolor

Ibis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALLACE B. RENDELL ◽  
RALEIGH J. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Tachycineta Bicolor ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Tree Swallows ◽  
Cavity Size

scholarly journals Effects of Brown-Headed Cowbirds on the Nesting Success of Chipping Sparrows in Southwest Colorado

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine P. Ortega ◽  
Joseph C. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Molothrus Ater ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Nest Failure ◽  
Nest Concealment ◽  
Nest Placement ◽  
Spizella Passerina

AbstractWe documented effects of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism on Chipping Sparrows (Spizella passerina) in southwest Colorado. Overall, 17 of 77 nests (22%) were parasitized. Abandonment was significantly higher among parasitized nests (29%) than unparasitized nests (5%). More Chipping Sparrows hatched and fledged per unparasitized nest than per parasitized nest. Reduction of host hatching and fledging rates in parasitized nests was attributable to smaller clutch size and higher abandonment. The major source of nest failure was predation, not parasitism; overall, 53% failed from predation, and only 6% failed from parasitism. There were no differences in weight, ulna length, tarsometatarsus length, or length of outermost primary between sparrow nestlings in parasitized and unparasitized nests. Only 18% of cowbird eggs laid resulted in a fledged cowbird. We observed no differences in nest placement or nest concealment between unparasitized and parasitized nests.

scholarly journals Nest characteristics and breeding success of Black Kites (Milvus migrans migrans) in the High Plateau (Algeria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Sarra Messabhia ◽  
Ettayib Bensaci ◽  
Salah Telailia ◽  
Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah ◽  
Menouar Saheb
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Milvus Migrans ◽  
Black Kite ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The breeding ecology of the Black Kite Milvus migrans migrans in Algeria was first studied in 2014 and 2015 on Tarf Mountain in the semi-arid High Plateaus region. The nearest-neighbour nest distance was found to range from 130 to 550 m for colonial pairs and from 1,730 to 2,390 m for the solitary ones. All 12 monitored nests were placed on cliffs at different heights ranging from 149 to 155 m. The mean egg laying period was 15 days, and the mean clutch size was 2.83 ± 0.31 and 3 ± 00 eggs per nest in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The mean hatching success was 83% and that of fledging 75%. Only 2 nests were predated. Our results disagree with those of the previous studies that were carried out mainly in the Mediterranean basin and Asia, differing in such nest characteristics as the nearest - neighbour nest distance, cliff and nesting heights, egg laying period and hatching success. Otherwise, no consistent differences in clutch size and fledging success were revealed. Finally, we determined that Black Kites tend to build their nest on the eastern side of cliffs. However, our analysis showed no effect of nest placement on breeding parameters and success.

scholarly journals Effects of weather on breeding success of Ashy prinia (Prinia socialis) in Manigram of Tilottama Municipality, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Shova Adhikari ◽  
Hari Prasad Sharma ◽  
Ramji Gautam ◽  
Rajendra Basaula
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Local Weather ◽  
Determining Factor

Breeding success of species, including nest construction to chick fledgling, is a major determining factor for the conservation of bird species. Ashy prinia (Prinia socialis), a small-sized, insectivorous bird, which is widely distributed in South East Asia is less explored for its breeding ecology. This study was performed in natural habitats of Tilottama municipality, Nepal, and the data such as nest characteristics, clutch size, activities of parents on nest were collected with regular monitoring of nest from the beginning of its construction to chicks fledgling. Ashy prinia constructed nests on bushes of shrubs and grasses using materials like grass, nylon threads, small twigs, cotton swag and some threads. The clutch size was four; and the average length and breadth of eggs were 1.6 cm and 1.2 cm, respectively. The nest was able to fledge chicks successfully, and their breeding success was 75%, determined by the activities of parents, local weather conditions mainly cloud cover, temperature and wind.  In addition, the breeding success of the Ashy prinia might be due to monogamous parental cares in which both parents maintained the microclimatic condition of the nest from incubation period to chick fledgling.

scholarly journals Clutch Enlargement in Lesser Gray Shrikes (Lanius Minor) in Slovakia When Food is Superabundant: A Maladaptive Response?

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-564
Author(s):  
Herbert Hoi ◽  
Anton Kristin ◽  
Francisco Valera ◽  
Christine Hoi
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fledging Success ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Nestling Diet ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Maladaptive Response

Abstract Food abundance influences various aspects of birds' breeding ecology, such as onset of laying, clutch size, and reproductive success. Here, we examine the effects of a natural superabundance of food—cockchafers (Melolontha melolontha, Coleoptera)—on nesting success of a monogamous long-distance migrant, the Lesser Gray Shrike (Lanius minor). In that species, cockchafers make up 88% of adult and 48% of nestling diet in years with cockchafer outbreaks. We compared timing of egg laying, clutch size, and fledging success in three years and chick development in two years with and without cockchafer outbreaks. In cockchafer years, laying date was advanced by about one day, clutch size increased by about one egg, and heavier chicks were produced. Fledging success, however, did not change (fledgling number in non-cockchafer years: 5.3 ± 0.2, 5.0 ± 0.2, and 4.0 ± 0.5; in cockchafer years: 4.1 ± 0.7, 5.4 ± 0.2, and 4.2 ± 0.5), because more eggs failed to hatch during cockchafer years. Thus, increased clutch size in periods of superabundant food do not always result in increased fledgling production. Limited incubation ability or intrinsic physical egg properties, resulting in inefficient incubation, are the most likely explanations for increased hatching failure in years of food superabundance in our study population of Lesser Gray Shrikes.

A Close Look at No Child Left Behind

ASHA Leader ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Susan Boswell
Keyword(s):  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
Left Behind
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