scholarly journals A Novel Static Cluster-Based Hierarchical Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Asma Mesmoudi ◽  
Samira Mesmoudi ◽  
Zakarya Houari ◽  
Khelifa Mostefa
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Clustering Protocol ◽  
Leach Protocol

Wireless sensor networks have recently gained a lot of attention from the scientific community due to their very wide spectrum of applications. In such networks, the sensor nodes have limited resources. These constraints impose many challenges to the design of related protocols. Especially, routing protocols should be energy-efficient for the prolonged network lifetime. The LEACH protocol is the most popular energy-efficient hierarchical clustering protocol for WSNs that was proposed for reducing power consumption. However, LEACH suffers from several drawbacks such as the non uniform distribution of Cluster Head nodes, the possibility of choosing a low energy node as Cluster Head, etc. In this paper, an attempt is made to overcome this shortcoming by introducing a new hierarchical clustering protocol, called SCHP (Static Cluster-based Hierarchical Protocol). The SCHP protocol is based on a static cluster creation and an optimal cluster head selection. Simulation results show that the proposal guarantees better performance than the LEACH Protocol that is considered as the baseline in the literature. We used many metrics, as packet loss rate, end-to-end delay, and energy consumption to evaluate the efficiency of our proposal. We show also that the SCHP protocol can improve the network lifetime.

scholarly journals Optimization of Energy Efficient Advance Leach Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 07-16
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kaur ◽  
Dr. Rajeev Bedi ◽  
Mohit Marwaha
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cluster Head Selection ◽  
Leach Protocol

In WSNs, the only source to save life for the node is the battery consumption. During communication with other area nodes or sensing activities consumes a lot of power energy in processing the data and transmitting the collected/selected data to the sink. In wireless sensor networks, energy conservation is directly to the network lifetime and energy plays an important role in the cluster head selection. A new threshold has been formulated for cluster head selection, which is based on remaining energy of the sensor node and the distance from the base station. Proposed approach selects the cluster head nearer to base station having maximum remaining energy than any other sensor node in multi-hop communication. The multi hop approach minimizing the inter cluster communication without effecting the data reliability.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Baniata ◽  
Jiman Hong
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor

The recent advances in sensing and communication technologies such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) have enabled low-priced distributed monitoring systems that are the foundation of smart cities. These advances are also helping to monitor smart cities and making our living environments workable. However, sensor nodes are constrained in energy supply if they have no constant power supply. Moreover, communication links can be easily failed because of unequal node energy depletion. The energy constraints and link failures affect the performance and quality of the sensor network. Therefore, designing a routing protocol that minimizes energy consumption and maximizes the network lifetime should be considered in the design of the routing protocol for WSN. In this paper, we propose an Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering (EEUCLC) protocol which has a suboptimal multihop routing algorithm to reduce the burden on the cluster head and a probability-based cluster head selection algorithm to prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the EEUCLC mechanism enhanced the energy balance and prolonged the network lifetime compared to other related protocols.

scholarly journals An Energy-Aware Method for Selecting Cluster Heads in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7886
Author(s):  
Atefeh Rahiminasab ◽  
Peyman Tirandazi ◽  
M. J. Ebadi ◽  
Ali Ahmadian ◽  
Mehdi Salimi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Clustering ◽  
Clustering Protocol

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) include several sensor nodes that have limited capabilities. The most critical restriction in WSNs is energy resources. Moreover, since each sensor node’s energy resources cannot be recharged or replaced, it is inevitable to propose various methods for managing the energy resources. Furthermore, this procedure increases the network lifetime. In wireless sensor networks, the cluster head has a significant impact on system global scalability, energy efficiency, and lifetime. Furthermore, the cluster head is most important in combining, aggregating, and transferring data that are received from other cluster nodes. One of the substantial challenges in a cluster-based network is to choose a suitable cluster head. In this paper, to select an appropriate cluster head, we first model this problem by using multi-factor decision-making according to the four factors, including energy, mobility, distance to centre, and the length of data queues. Then, we use the Cluster Splitting Process (CSP) algorithm and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in order to provide a new method to solve this problem. These four factors are examined in our proposed approach, and our method is compared with the Base station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol (BCDCP) algorithm. The simulation results show the proposed method in improving the network lifetime has better performance than the base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol algorithm. In our proposed method, the energy reduction is almost 5% more than the BCDCP method, and the packet loss rate in our proposed method is almost 25% lower than in the BCDCP method.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Clustering in Wireless SensorNetworks Using Fuzzy Approach to Improve LEACH Protocol

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2641-2656
Author(s):  
Basim Abood ◽  
Aliaa Hussien ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Desheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Leach Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering

The most important consideration in designing protocols for wireless sensor networks is the energy constraint of nodes because in most cases battery recharging is inconvenient or impossible. Therefore, many researches have been done to overcome this demerit. Clustering is one of the main approaches in designing scalable and energy-efficient protocols for wireless sensor networks. The cluster heads take the task of data aggregation and data routing to decrease the amount of communication and this prolongs the network lifetime. LEACH protocol is one of the famous of them. In this paper, we proposed a novel scheme to investigate the cluster, the Fuzzy Logic Cluster Leach Protocol (FUZZY-LEACH), which uses Fuzzy Logic Inference System (FIS) in the cluster process. We demonstrate that using multiple parameters in cluster reduces energy consumption. We compare our technique with the LEACH protocol to show that using a multi parameter FIS enhances the network lifetime significantly. Simulation results demonstrate that the network lifetime achieved by the proposed method could be increased by nearly 28.5% more than that obtained by LEACH protocol in  scenario, and by nearly 26.4% more than that LEACH protocol in  scenario.

scholarly journals Threshold Balanced Sampled DEEC Model for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sercan Vançin ◽  
Ebubekir Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Clustering Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering

Due to the restricted hardware resources of the sensor nodes, modelling and designing energy efficient routing methods to increase the overall network lifetime have become one of the most significant strategies in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Cluster-based heterogeneous routing protocols, a popular part of routing technology, have proven effective in management of topology, energy consumption, data collection or fusion, reliability, or stability in a distributed sensor network. In this article, an energy efficient three-level heterogeneous clustering method (DEEC) based distributed energy efficient clustering protocol named TBSDEEC (Threshold balanced sampled DEEC) is proposed. Contrary to most other studies, this study considers the effect of the threshold balanced sampled in the energy consumption model. Our model is compared with the DEEC, EDEEC (Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol), and EDDEEC (Enhanced Developed Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol) using MATLAB as two different scenarios based on quality metrics, including living nodes on the network, network efficiency, energy consumption, number of packets received by base station (BS), and average latency. After, our new method is compared with artificial bee colony optimization (ABCO) algorithm and energy harvesting WSN (EH-WSN) clustering method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model is more efficient than the other protocols and significantly increases the sensor network lifetime.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Approaches in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Jan ◽  
Haleem Farman ◽  
Huma Javed ◽  
Bartolomeo Montrucchio ◽  
Murad Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Grid Based

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are one of the significant technologies due to their diverse applications such as health care monitoring, smart phones, military, disaster management, and other surveillance systems. Sensor nodes are usually deployed in large number that work independently in unattended harsh environments. Due to constraint resources, typically the scarce battery power, these wireless nodes are grouped into clusters for energy efficient communication. In clustering hierarchical schemes have achieved great interest for minimizing energy consumption. Hierarchical schemes are generally categorized as cluster-based and grid-based approaches. In cluster-based approaches, nodes are grouped into clusters, where a resourceful sensor node is nominated as a cluster head (CH) while in grid-based approach the network is divided into confined virtual grids usually performed by the base station. This paper highlights and discusses the design challenges for cluster-based schemes, the important cluster formation parameters, and classification of hierarchical clustering protocols. Moreover, existing cluster-based and grid-based techniques are evaluated by considering certain parameters to help users in selecting appropriate technique. Furthermore, a detailed summary of these protocols is presented with their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability in particular cases.

An Energy-Efficient Cluster Head and Router Selecting Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 1807-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Zhi Huang ◽  
Xue Zeng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distance Communication

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on ZigBee technology are currently popular low-energy, low-cost, short-distance communication technologies that can be applied in many areas, such as industry, environment, agriculture, etc. Energy efficiency is one of the most important research points for WSNs. In this paper, we analyze the existing WSNs protocols, especially LEACH, and propose an energy-efficient cluster head and router selecting protocol (EECRS). EECRS combines both cluster-based and energy-threshold routing protocols to balance the energy consumption of the sensor nodes in the whole network in order to extend the network lifetime. And through the simulation via NS2 software, it is shown that EECRS improves the network performance, network lifetime and data received per energy mount consumption, compared with LEACH protocol.

scholarly journals Load Balanced Energy Efficient Cluster-chain Based Hybrid Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3561-3570
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Load Balanced

In this paper a novel geographical multilayer protocol named Cluster-chain Based Hybrid (CCBH) Protocol is proposed for proper load balancing across the network that enhance the network lifespan and eliminate the energy holes problem. The CCBH protocol divides the network into the multilayer square structure around the sink. Each layer is divided into to the zones in such a way that the zones near to the sink are smaller in size and size of zones increases as the separation from the sink increases. In inner two layers, each zone has a cluster head (CH) and to reduce the load of CH a leader node (LN) is assigned in every zone. LN collects and aggregates the data received from neighboring nodes and sends it to the associated CH. Outer layer zones are larger in size. To reduce the clustering overhead chain strategy is introduced in outer layer zones that ensure lesser energy consumption as compared to clustering. Multi hop communiqué is used, where data is transferred from upper zone’s CH to immediate lower zone’s CH until it reaches to the sink. Simulated tests demonstrate that proposed CCBH protocol shows evident improvement in terms of the network lifetime as compare to LBCN, LEACH, TCAC, and DSBCA protocols

scholarly journals An energy-efficient unequal clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 155014771987938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zhu ◽  
Junfang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Unequal Clustering ◽  
Rotation Strategy

Wireless sensor networks have drawn tremendous attentions from all fields because of their wide application. Maximizing network lifetime is one of the main problems in wireless sensor networks. This article proposes an energy-efficient routing protocol which adopts unequal clustering technology to solve the hot spots problem and proposes double cluster head strategy to reduce the energy consumption of head nodes in the clusters. In addition, to balance the energy consumption between cluster heads and cluster members, a hybrid cluster head rotation strategy based on time-driven and energy-driven is proposed, which can make the timing of rotation more reasonable and the energy consumption more efficient. Finally, we compare the proposed protocol with LEACH, DEBUC, and UCNPD by simulation experiments. The simulation results prove that our proposed protocol can effectively improve the performance in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, energy balance, stability, and throughput.

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