Maxillofacial Injuries Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia: A Review of Incidence, Demographic Factors & Prevention Strategies

Background: World Health Organization has estimated that nearly 25% of all injuries fatalities worldwide are a result of road traffic crashes with 90% of the fatalities occurring in low and middle income countries. Trauma in Saudi Arabia is a major public health problem with increasing rates of mortality and morbidity.Objectives: To review the incidence of maxillofacial injuries due to road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia and to highlight the etiological factors, the current preventive strategies and suggestions to reduce such injuries.Material and Methods: This review was conducted through literature search over a period of 25 years. The key words included in the search include road traffic injuries, maxillofacial trauma, Saudi Arabia. The search was conducted through search engines and which included Google, science direct, pub med. A total of 56 reference articles and web pages were reviewed. 31 of these references are cited in this review. The demographic factors involved in road traffic accidents, the existing legislation in the country as cited in the literature, primary care system and recent advances in management are highlighted in this review article.Conclusion: Trauma is a preventable cause of death, morbidity, depression and unemployment. Simple measures such as seat belt legislation, traffic monitoring, creation of awareness among youth will significantly bring down loss of lives. This will create a better society to live and enjoy life.

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Maxillofacial Injuries Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia: A Review of Incidence, Demographic Factors & Prevention Strategies

International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2017/v6i1/125560 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1386

Author(s):

Kamran Bokhari Syed

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Maxillofacial Injuries ◽

Prevention Strategies

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Identification of Risk Factors Influencing Road Traffic Accidents

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.1615 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 2417-2421 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Touahmia

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Seat Belt ◽

World Health ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

The World ◽

Traffic Law Enforcement ◽

Health Organization

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are becoming a major problem around the world, incurring enormous losses of human and economic resources. Recent reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) reveal that each year more than 1.25 million people are killed and 50 million are injured in road traffic accidents worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, statistics show that at least one traffic accident occurs every minute, causing up to 7,000 deaths and over 39,000 injuries annually. In this study, the main causes of RATs in the province of Hail are examined. The data was collected through the use of a survey which was developed to evaluate the effect of influencing parameters on RTA rate. The results show that 67% of RTAs result from human factors, 29% from road conditions and 4% from vehicle defects. Excessive speed and violation of traffic rules and regulations were found to be the main causes of RATs. Low rates of compliance with speed limit signs and seat-belt regulations were also observed. These findings highlight the need of strengthening effective traffic law enforcement alongside with improving traffic safety and raising public awareness.

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The Impact of Selected Individual and External Factors on the Occurrence of Severe Injuries: Case Study of Slovenia

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation ◽

10.7307/ptt.v27i4.1670 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 325-334

Author(s):

Polona Tominc ◽

Urban Šebjan

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Seat Belt ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Severe Injuries ◽

Gender And Age ◽

The Impact ◽

Fatal Injuries

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the importance of different determinants and their impact on the severity of injuries of individuals in road traffic accidents, so that measures that are supposed to prevent or reduce severe injury consequences can be developed. In this paper three research models have been built. Model I was built to study the impact of demographic factors (gender and age) on the individual’s likelihood to wear a seat-belt while Model II to study the impact of demographic factors (gender and age) and the impact of wearing a seat belt on the likelihood that fatal injuries of individuals in road traffic accidents occur. Model III was formed to study the impact of several environmental factors on the likelihood that the accident involves severe or fatal injuries of road traffic accident participants. Altogether our study revealed that middle-aged individuals (over 25 years and up to 65 years old) are less likely to wear a seat belt and at the same time more likely to suffer fatal injuries in road traffic accidents. This is the result that implies that the targeted policy measures to the population between 25 and 65 years of age are needed to reduce the fatal injuries occurrence in Slovenia.

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EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF TRAUMA IN AL-JOUF REGION, SAUDI ARABIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i18.33792 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 261-264

Author(s):

DOAA M ABDEL-SALAM ◽

RAWAN R ALRUWAILI ◽

FARAH S ALHABLANI ◽

NOUR H ALFAHEL ◽

ANWAR A ALBLAWI

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Blunt Trauma ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Penetrating Trauma ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Road Traffic Accidents

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the types, characteristics, and associated factors of trauma in Al-Jouf Region which is located in Northern part of Saudi Arabia. Methods: The present study was conducted in the Emergency Department of Prince Meteb Hospital in Al-Jouf Region. A total number of 382 patients were enrolled in the present study. A pre-organized data form were designed for each patient attended the Emergency Department of Prince Meteb Hospital from January 2017 to January 2018. It included data about sociodemographic characteristics, type of trauma, and trauma characteristics. Results: The mean age of the patients was 24.4±13.4 years. Most of the patients (75%) were <30 years old. Males (86.9%) were influenced by trauma more common than females. Most of the patients (84.8%) were from urban areas. Blunt trauma constituted 58.9% while, penetrating trauma 41.1%. The most common cause of trauma was road traffic accidents, which occurred among 40% of patients. The most frequent trauma site was head trauma (49%). Most of the patients (47.9%) reached the hospital within 30 min. Regarding the fate of patients, 46.1% discharged after management, 42.1% admitted to intensive care units, and only 11.8% died. Blunt trauma was significantly higher than penetrating trauma among the young age group. Patients with blunt trauma arrived hospital significantly earlier than patients with penetrating trauma. The fate of patients is significantly better in blunt trauma than penetrating trauma. Conclusion: Trauma is considered to be a major public health problem, particularly in the young population in Saudi Arabia. Blunt trauma is more common than penetrating trauma, with road traffic accidents representing the majority.

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Incidence of Ocular Injuries from Road Traffic Accidents after Introduction of Seat Belt Legislation

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ◽

10.1177/014107688407700309 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 198-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

S A Vernon ◽

D B Yorston

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Seat Belt ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Ocular Injuries

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Effect of law enforcement system (Saher) on maxillofacial injuries caused by road traffic accidents in Riyadh

Saudi Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.4103/sjos.sjoralsci_3_18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

RaedS Almanea ◽

Nasser Alasseri ◽

MohammedS Algarni ◽

SaudS Alajmi ◽

WaleedS Jeleudan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Maxillofacial Injuries

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Visual Function of Drivers and its Relation to the Occurrence of Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (B) ◽

pp. 1016-1020

Author(s):

Sulaiman Aldakhil ◽

Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽

Majid Moafa ◽

Waleed Alghamdi ◽

Muhammed Alluwimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Binocular Vision ◽

Visual Function ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Health Examination ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Good Visual Acuity ◽

History Of ◽

Eye Examination

BACKGROUND: The mortality rate due to road traffic accidents (RTA) is significantly high in Saudi Arabia (SA) compared to other countries. The visual function which includes good visual acuity (VA) and binocular vision are very important factors that can contribute to the incidence of RTA. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between refractive errors (REs) and the RTA in SA. METHODS: A total of 354 participants (mean age 22.67 ± 3.22 years) were recruited randomly to participate in this study from the population of Qassim district. Data collected using the questionnaire included participants’ age, sex, and education level, ocular and medical history, driving history as well as history of RTA. Ocular health examination including VA, RE measurements, and binocular vision function vision was measured and analyzed. RESULTS: The results of this study show that 48.3% of drivers had some form of REs with 3.4% being visually impaired. 217 (61.3%) of participants have had an RTA, and 119 (54.9%) of them have had more than two accidents in the past two years. The findings show no significant association between the occurrence of RTA and uncorrected REs or binocular vision dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Our data showed significantly higher rate of RTA among Saudi drivers which is much higher than any country in the world. The current Saudi regulations for obtaining driving license need to be modified, with implementing a comprehensive eye examination prior to acquiring or renewing drivers’ licenses.

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Use of seat belts among public transport drivers in Tacna, Peru: Prevalence and risk factors

10.1101/2020.10.01.20205435 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Armando Miñan-Tapia ◽

Gloria S. Torres-Riveros ◽

José Choque-Vargas ◽

Madeleyni Aycachi-Incacoña ◽

Neil Flores-Valdez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Public Transport ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Linear Models ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Seat Belt ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Seat Belts ◽

Intervention Measures

AbstractIntroductionThere are individuals who still refuse to wear seat belts, despite its effectiveness in reducing morbidity and mortality in road traffic accidents. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors according to the use of seat belts among public transport drivers in Tacna, Peru.MethodologyThis analytical transversal study was carried out among public transport drivers (buses and taxis) in a Peruvian city. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the general and occupational characteristics and the use of seat belts (observed). Descriptive statistics and risk factors were obtained, these latter through generalized linear models.ResultsOf the 460 drivers, 77% used their seat belts, with a difference in use depending on the type of public transport (p<0.001). In the multivariate model, the risk of not using the belt was associated with the following: older age (p<0.001), having complete studies (p<0.001), a higher level/category of driving license (3 categories had p<0.001), having a higher number of previous road traffic accidents (p=0.011), and received medical attention in that accident (p<0.001), those who reported using a cell phone while driving (p=0.005), if the co-driver’s belt had 3 anchorage points (p<0.001), and working for > 5 hours that day (p=0.002). However, male drivers and those who had their belt with 3 anchorage points had greater use (both p<0.001).ConclusionsOne in five drivers did not use a seat belt, and important characteristics of those who did not comply with this traffic law were evaluated to generate control and intervention measures.

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