scholarly journals A Survey of Infringements of Gricean Maxims in Some Precautionary Inscriptions on Medicine Packets

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Rosarri C. Mbisike
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Gricean Maxims ◽  
Gricean Pragmatics ◽  
Maxim Of Quality ◽  
Made In

In communication, participants are expected to cooperate through observing a set of maxims. Nevertheless, some communicative instances reveal that there are cases of unintentional non-observance of the maxims, which Grice (1975) categorized as “infringing a maxim”. These instances of infringements call for attention to the extent that they could cause breakdown in communication. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to investigate some cases of infringements of the maxims in selected precautionary inscriptions on some medicine packets, with the objective to examine how such messages are interpreted. The theoretical framework adopted for this research is based on Gricean pragmatics. The method for this research is qualitative and its paradigm is interpretive. The data were collected from some packets of medicine sold in some pharmacy shops in Lagos, Nigeria. One of the major observations made in the course of this research is that, out of the four classes of the Gricean maxims, only the maxim of quality was not infringed in any precautionary inscription in the data. This result may be justified by the reason that precautionary inscriptions on medicine packets should be carefully couched in truth, so as not to jeopardize the health of the patients. Further studies on various cases of infringements in diverse aspects of communication are strongly recommended. Keywords: Precautionary Inscriptions; Communication; Pragmatics; Maxims; Infringements

Lying and Gricean Quality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stokke
Keyword(s):  
Gricean Maxims ◽  
Maxim Of Quality

This chapter argues against accounts of lying in terms of Gricean maxims. It first considers attempts to characterize lying in terms of Grice’s First Maxim of Quality, admonishing speakers to avoid saying what they believe to be false. Even though many lies are instances of covert violations of the First Maxim of Quality, the phenomenon of bald-faced lies demonstrates that some lies overtly violate the First Maxim of Quality. In light of this, one account takes lies to be violations of the First Maxim of Quality, covert or overt. This view is seen to wrongly count ironic utterances as lies. The chapter then goes on to discuss an alternative Gricean conception of lying in terms of the Supermaxim of Quality. Yet this view is seen to wrongly count false implicatures as lies. The chapter concludes that lying cannot satisfactorily be characterized in terms of Gricean maxims.

scholarly journals To Be or Not to Be: Social Justice in Networked Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Öztok
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Networked Learning ◽  
Learning Practices ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
Made In

The potential for more egalitarian or democratic forms of engagements among people is accepted to be somehow actualised naturally within collaborative or cooperative forms of learning. There is an urgent need for a theoretical framework that does not limit social justice with access or participation, but focuses on the otherwise hidden ways in which group work can yield suboptimal outcomes. This article aims to expand the current understandings of social justice in networked learning practices by challenging the ways in which online subjectivities are conceptualised in communal settings. It is argued that the mediated experience in online spaces should be conceptualised in tandem with one's social presence and social absence if education is to be studied more rigorously and if claims of justice are to be made in networked learning.

African psychology and the emergence of the Madiban tradition

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Nwoye
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
New Order ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

The recent welcome inclusion of the study of African psychology within the psychology degree curriculum of some forward-thinking African universities has been lauded as a great positive drive in the right direction. In the past, the practices that prevailed were those of mainstream Western psychology imported to Africa. This awkward situation originated during the period of colonialism and the emergence of missionary Christianity in Africa. This article proposes that if the current positive attitude toward African psychology is to last and bear fruit, there is a need to formally inaugurate a new order or tradition (referred to in this paper as the Madiban tradition) that would anchor and open up the study of psychology in African universities towards a new future: a future in which the progressive arm of both Western and African approaches to psychology would coexist and enjoy enduring mutual respect and equitable participatory presence in these programmes. This paper highlights the theoretical framework undergirding this vision and the challenges to be faced and new shifts to be made in implementing such a vision.

Moral Facts

Philosophy ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 32 (121) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
Peter Remnant
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Express Emotion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In ◽  
Moral Facts

An important part of ethics consists in the attempt to find a theoretical framework for the sincere moral discourse of ordinary people; to present, if possible, a consistent account of the ways in which such terms as “good,” “right,” “duty,” “obligation” are used in moral contexts. It is surprising that it should ever have been thought possible to account for such utterances as expressions of emotion. For the most part nothing could be less like the sighs, groans, shouts, and chuckles with which we normally express emotion than are our assertions about right and wrong, good and bad; these are usually the outcome of careful consideration and they are almost invariably expressed in cognitive terms. That is, we describe ourselves as “thinking out what we ought to do,” “coming to a conclusion as to what is right,” “knowing the difference between right and wrong,” “recognizing our obligations,” “seeing our duty.” When we do employ “emotive” words in these contexts it is almost always for the purpose of expressing anger or remorse or disgust with regard to our own moral lapses or those of others. Moral utterances, in short, have all the appearance of being statements of fact, and statements, moreover, which cannot be made in other than moral terms.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF GRICE’S MAXIMS VIOLATION IN DAILY CONVERSATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Rizal Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cultural Factor ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Gricean Maxims ◽  
Maxim Of Quality

This research were aimed at finding out what factors that cause the violation of Gricean maxims and which one of Gricean maxims that is often violated in daily conversation of EZC students of FPBS IKIP MATARAM. There were 15 active EZC students were taken as subject of the study. In deciding samples, purposive sampling technique was used. The samples were 4 male students and 5 female students. In the data analysis, descriptive qualitative method was used. For collecting data, there were 2 techniques used: observation and interview. After the data were collected, the recorded conversations (the length of each conversation is about 5 until 10 minutes) were sorted and translated. The result showed that the maxims violated were maxim of quantity (30 times), maxim of quality (20 times), maxim of manner (10) and maxim of relevance (5 times). The reason for violating the maxims approved to be caused by cultural factor and social distance factor. In conclusion, the maxim that dominantly being violated was maxim of quantity.  

scholarly journals The Flouting of Gricean Maxims Found in the TV Series Mom

Lexicon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Nurmalia Ayu Kharismawanti ◽  
Amin Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Gricean Maxims ◽  
Maxim Of Quality ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

This research discusses the flouting of Gricean maxims done by all the characters in the TV series Mom in the first 10 episodes in season 1. This research aims to identify and to classify the flouting of Gricean maxims according to Cutting’s classification and the most used method of flouting. The quantitative and qualitative methods are used as data analysis instruments. It is discovered that there are 99 flouting, with 59.6% (59 cases) among which is flouting of maxim of quality, 18.2% (18 cases) is flouting of maxim of quantity, 13.1% (13 cases) is flouting of maxim of relation, and 9.1% (9 cases) is flouting of maxim of manner. The characters in Mom tend to flout the maxims by using metaphors, being irrelevant, using irony or sarcasm, using hyperbole, or being ambiguous or obscure. The analysis shows that the characters flouted the maxims for several reasons, with the most frequent one is to offend or to hurt the hearer and to convince the hearer.

scholarly journals Third-Person Perceptions and Calls for Censorship of Flat Earth Videos on YouTube

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asheley R. Landrum ◽  
Alex Olshansky
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Made In ◽  
Identity Groups

Calls for censorship have been made in response to the proliferation of flat Earth videos on YouTube, but these videos are likely convincing to very few. Instead, people may worry these videos are brainwashing others. That individuals believe other people will be more influenced by media messages than themselves is called third-person perception (TPP), and the consequences from those perceptions, such as calls for censorship, are called third-person effects (TPE). Here, we conduct three studies that examine the flat Earth phenomenon using TPP and TPE as a theoretical framework. We first measured participants’ own perceptions of the convincingness of flat Earth arguments presented in YouTube videos and compared these to participants’ perceptions of how convincing others might find the arguments. Instead of merely looking at ratings of one’s self vs. a general ‘other,’ however, we asked people to consider a variety of identity groups who differ based on political party, religiosity, educational attainment, and area of residence (e.g., rural, urban). We found that participants’ religiosity and political party were the strongest predictors of TPP across the different identity groups. In our second and third pre-registered studies, we found support for our first study’s conclusions, and we found mixed evidence for whether TPP predict support for censoring YouTube among the public.

Developmental considerations in the investigation of conduct disorder

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
John E. Richters
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Developmental Levels ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Made In

The papers in this special issue attest to the theoretical and empirical advances that have been made in understanding the epidemiology, subtypes, etiology, neuropsychology, psychobiology, course, consequences, prevention, and treatment of conduct disorder (CD) (see also Kazdin, 1987; Loeber, 1990; Loeber & Stouthamer-Loeber, 1986; Moffitt, 1990; Patterson, 1982; Robins, 1991; White, Moffitt, Earls, Robins, & Silva, 1990). A number of theoretical conceptualizations have been forwarded in an attempt to comprehend this complex form of disorder in children. Such divergence in thinking indicates that the topic of CD has evolved into an active and significant domain of inquiry. To date, however, there has been no unifying theoretical framework for bringing conceptual clarity to the diverse perspectives represented in the study of conduct disorder. Although existing work within particular disciplines and subdisciplines has provided substantial contributions to our understanding of CD, these accounts typically have not considered the broader matrix of complex and evolving biological, cognitive, socioemotional, representational, and social-cognitive capacities of the developing child. As a consequence, disparate theoretical formulations are often too narrow in focus to address the range of processes and mechanisms that will be necessary to explain adequately how and why manifestations of CD emerge, change overtime and are influenced by children's developmental levels.

scholarly journals Theatre Photography as a Counterfactual Representation of Aesthetic Reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Olga Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Theatre Studies ◽  
Narrative Forms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In ◽  
Prime Form

Summary The article is an attempt at applying the concept of counterfactuality, typically employed with reference to narrative forms, to the analysis of visual culture, particularly to theatre photography. The material for case studies is provided by the works of Polish photographers who redefine the function of this form of photography. Typically, photography is seen by theatre historians as the prime form of theatre documentation, and therefore treated as subservient to the needs of theatre studies as an academic discipline. Contrary to that, the photographic projects analysed in the present paper (particularly those of Ryszard Kornecki and Magda Hueckel), although made in theatre during performances, have been produced and distributed as autonomous art forms which neither represent nor document theatre productions. In the analysis of these projects, I employ Margaret Olin’s concept of “performative index”, which describes the relationship between the image and the viewer as a dynamic creation of meaning. With reference to this theoretical framework, I argue that counterfactuality of theatre photography is a strategy of turning this medium into an autonomous form of art.

scholarly journals Third-person Perceptions and Calls for Censorship of Flat Earth Videos on YouTube

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asheley R. Landrum ◽  
Alex Olshansky
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Made In ◽  
Identity Groups

Calls for censorship have been made in response to the proliferation of flat Earth videos on YouTube, but these videos are likely convincing to very few. Instead, people appear to worry that these videos are brainwashing others—not themselves. That individuals believe other people will be more influenced by media messages than themselves is called third-person perception, and the consequences from those perceptions, such as calls for censorship, are called third-person effects. Here, we conduct three studies that examine the flat Earth phenomenon using third-person perception and effects as a theoretical framework. We first measured participants’ own perceptions of the convincingness of flat Earth arguments presented in YouTube videos and compared these to participants’ perceptions of how convincing others might find the arguments. Instead of merely looking at ratings of one’s self versus a general “other”, however, we asked people to consider a variety of identity groups who differ based on political party, religiosity, educational attainment, and area of residence (e.g., rural, urban). We found that participants’ religiosity and political party were the strongest predictors of third-person perceptions across the different identity groups. In our second and third, pre-registered studies, we found support for our first study’s conclusions, and we found mixed evidence for whether third-person perceptions predict support for censoring YouTube.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document