Maxim violation in pretty little liars TV series

This research was conducted due to the importance of cooperative principle in daily conversation, as Grice’s theory explained about cooperative principle which has been divided into four maxims: 1) maxim of quantity, 2) maxim of quality, 3) maxim of relation, and 4) maxim of manner. These four maxims are the rules that have to be obeyed by the speakers and the interlocutors during interactions. This research is focusing on maxim of violation occurred in Pretty Little Liars TV Series. The method used in this analysis is descriptive qualitative. Objects of the research are the types of the violation and also the implied meaning behind the violation. This research used the observation method using non-participatory technique in collecting the data, and pragmatics identity method in analyzing the data. In presenting the data, this research used informal method. The result of this research found out that there were fifteen violations happened in Pretty Little Liars, all of the maxims are violated during this show. The violation of maxim relation was the most dominant violation.

A Pragmatic Study of Humor in Iraqi Facebook Comments

The main goal of this study is to determine how comments are made by Iraqis on Facebook (a social media platform) to express humor and to discover whether these comments follow specific linguistic principles or not. There are millions of humorous comments on different types of posts, but only political posts were chosen in this research because of the importance of these posts. In the writer’s view, the politics of Iraq is greatly important as it dictates much of the situation that people currently live in. This means that there is also a lot of engagement by a lot of persons in Iraq with politics using humor, and there are therefore a large number of political posts using humor. This study relied on a specific method in analyzing data (namely comments selected from Facebook). 28 comments were selected for analysis by determining whether they follow the maxims of cooperative principles on the one hand and whether they follow any form of breaking of cooperative principles from another aspect. The arguments of Attardo were proven where he said that a person cannot be considered uncooperative in the conversation just because he said something funny or tried to be funny (Attardo, 2001). Moreover, the results showed that two forms of maxims of cooperative principle are followed several times, which are the maxims of relation and manner. It also showed that the least principle that is followed is the maxim of quality. There were also instances where maxims were not observed. It was found that the question of whether there would be flouting and violation of rules in the comments is most dependent on the commenter.

The Influence of Pragmatic Norms on the English Proverbs

In human languages proverbs constitute a very important aspect of language use. Thus, they have been a subject of varying attention from different specialists: linguists and language users in general. Shakespeare is described as the most adroit user of proverbs in literature; therefore, his plays have been the subject of numerous scientific investigations, whereby from a linguistic point of view the focus has primarily been aimed at vocabulary and grammar. On the one hand, attention has been paid regularly to lexical items because Shakespeare is supposed to have been a great innovator of words due to his coinage of new lexemes and his usage of several unknown expressions. Linguistic studies have also been concerned with grammatical constructions which are typical of the English at Shakespeare’s time. Many writers employ proverbs in their works but Shakespeare is different in the way he employs proverbs which are used to serve different functions and to achieve different illocutionary acts. These proverbs are embedded in the flow of conversations and they may flout one or more than one of Grice‘s maxims. The present study aims at analyzing proverbs and explaining how far Grice’s cooperative principles (maxims) are abided by in Shakespeare’s proverbs as specified in the data. Proverbs are sometimes said to mean something else in addition to what is explicitly stated. Words may mean something beyond those intended by the speaker or the writer. These extra meanings might achieve or refer to different illocutionary acts. The study explores whether or not these illocutionary acts share certain structural features. In order to achieve the aims of the research, the following hypotheses have been proposed: Grice’s cooperative principle is frequently flouted in Shakespeare’s proverbs. The maxim of Quality seems to be flouted more than the other maxims. This maxim is mainly flouted by the use of metaphor. Shakespeare’s proverbs are also characterized by the use of the speech

A Survey of Infringements of Gricean Maxims in Some Precautionary Inscriptions on Medicine Packets

In communication, participants are expected to cooperate through observing a set of maxims. Nevertheless, some communicative instances reveal that there are cases of unintentional non-observance of the maxims, which Grice (1975) categorized as “infringing a maxim”. These instances of infringements call for attention to the extent that they could cause breakdown in communication. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to investigate some cases of infringements of the maxims in selected precautionary inscriptions on some medicine packets, with the objective to examine how such messages are interpreted. The theoretical framework adopted for this research is based on Gricean pragmatics. The method for this research is qualitative and its paradigm is interpretive. The data were collected from some packets of medicine sold in some pharmacy shops in Lagos, Nigeria. One of the major observations made in the course of this research is that, out of the four classes of the Gricean maxims, only the maxim of quality was not infringed in any precautionary inscription in the data. This result may be justified by the reason that precautionary inscriptions on medicine packets should be carefully couched in truth, so as not to jeopardize the health of the patients. Further studies on various cases of infringements in diverse aspects of communication are strongly recommended. Keywords: Precautionary Inscriptions; Communication; Pragmatics; Maxims; Infringements

FLOUTING MAXIM PERFORMED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE EDGE OF SEVENTEEN MOVIE

In this research, there are two objectives. First, to identify the kinds of flouting maxim performed by the main character in The Edge of Seventeen movie and Second, to find out the effect of flouting maxim performed by the main character in the movie. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research are twenty dialogues of The Edge of Seventeen movie which is containing flouting maxim. In analyzing the data, the researcher found that Nadine as the main character of the movie flouted all types of maxim. The most flouting maxim used by Nadine is floating maxim of quantity and, the least flouting maxim performed by Nadine are flouting maxim of quality and flouting maxim of manner. For the effects, Nadine gave seven effects based on Austin’s Perlocutionary effect theory to the other character of the movie. The seven effects based on Austin’s theory are annoying, boring, convincing, causing, getting the hearer realize something, getting the hearer to do something, and insulting. Further, the effect that mostly performed by Nadine in the movie is getting the hearer realize something effect.

Pragmatic Analysis of Presidential Campaign Manifestos of Muhammadu Buhari and Donald Trump

The study examines the presidential campaign manifestos of Presidents Muhammadu Buhari of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 2015 and Donald Trump of the United States of America in 2016. Specifically, it sets out to analyse these presidents’ campaign speech promises on security using the cooperative principle, ascertain the conformity of their promises on job creation to the theory of cooperative principle. The study also sets out to examine the two presidents’ campaign promises on health care using the theory of cooperative principle. Using the secondary source as method of data collection, the analysis is based on one of the tenets of the Gricean (1975) Cooperative Principle- maxim of quality. The study, therefore, adopts Paul Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle (CP) as its theoretical framework. The findings of the study suggest that both Presidents Muhammadu Buhari and Donald Trump observed the conversational maxim of quality at some point in their presidential campaign speech promises on security, job creation and health care, but violated it at some other point. In all, the maxim of quality as a conversational rule was not fairly observed by both presidents in their presidential campaign manifestos in 2015 and 2016 respectively.

INVESTIGATING THE USE OF MAXIMS IN THE EFL CLASS PRESENTATION: A PRAGMATIC STUDY

Maxim is one of the aspects studied in pragmatics, a relatively new field in linguistics. It is used in social interactions, especially in the form of conversations. In this study, the researchers conducted maxim analysis in an EFL class. The research data were collected from the WhatsApp-group communication of an online class in the English language education department of a public university in Central Java. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design using pragmatic analysis as its framework. There are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of manner and maxim of relevance. The result shows that there were 22 occurrences of maxim of quantity with 5 cases of flouting of the maxim. Then, 28 occurrences belonged to maxim of quality and the researchers did not find any flouting of the maxim. Next, 26 occurrences were labelled as maxim of relevance with 2 cases of flouting of the maxim. Besides that, 22 occurrences were categorized as maxim of manner with 3 cases of flouting of the maxim. In general, 110 maxim occurrences were identified from 16 conversations recorded in this research.

MAXIM FLOUTING IN “BROOKLYN NINE-NINE”

This study aims at identifying the types of maxims flouted by the main characters of “Brooklyn Nine-Nine” and describing the context behind those floutings. The data were taken from the fourth season of “Brooklyn Nine-Nine”, an American police procedural comedy TV show. Documentation method was used to collect the data. Descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the data by applying Grice’s Cooperative Principle (1975) and Cutting’s Theory of Context (2002). Based on the analysis, all types of conversational maxims were flouted, namely maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner. Another finding in this research is that the context behind the floutings were needed to understand the meaning of the utterances. Keywords: Context, Maxim Flouting, Pragmatics

FLOUTING MAXIM ON UTTERANCE OF CHARACTERS IN "ANAK NEGERI (KISAH MASA KECIL GANJAR PRANOWO)" MOVIE

Implicature utterance that was introduced by Grice and his categorization on maxims those are quantity, quality, relevance, and manner seem interested to be studied, as the aim of this study is to find out the flouting of Grice maxims. The Method used was qualitive and data was collected from the utterances of the characters in "Anak Negeri (Kisah Masa Kecil Ganjar Pranowo)" Movie afterwards the data were categorized based on flouting maxims then displayed into percentage and reflected involved the reasons of those flouting maxims. Next, it was analyzed and presented in description explanation. The results found that the most flouting occurred is flouting of maxim quantity that is 46% where there are several reasons, they are in order to convince, to elaborate, to permit, and to empathy. And in the same time, the flouting of maxim relevance is not too far with quantity that is 41% with the purpose of using these flouting maxims are to inform, to give idea, to ask back, to calm down, to wonder, and to complement. Flouting of maxim quality is 5% and the reason found is to explain, while flouting of maxim manner is 5% too and the reason was to ask meaning. In other words, those flouting maxims occur, it must have a purpose, and depend on the context where this study is viewed in pragmatics perspective. Keywords: Flouting Grice Maxims, flouting maxim of quality, flouting maxim of quantity, flouting maxim of relevance, flouting maxim of manner

PRINSIP KERJA SAMA DALAM TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI ANTARA PAMAN SAYUR DAN PELANGGAN: TINJAUAN PRAGMATIK

The objective of this research is to describe the violation and the use of the cooperative principle that is classified based on four maxims; they are maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation, and the maxim of manner. This research uses the basic theory of pragmatic by focusing on the cooperative principle stated by Grice. This research uses a descriptive method. The data source of this research is the speech of the vegetable seller and his customers. Data collection was taken from January--Febuary 2020. The data analysis is using a contextual heuristic method. Based on the result of the study, there are two violations of the maxim of quantity, two data of violations of the maxim of relation. The use of the cooperative principle is more commonly found in this research, namely, there are ten cooperative principles, three maxims of quantity, one maxim of quality, four maxims of relation, and two maxims of manner.