No. 1121. Common Fund for Commodities, International Natural Rubber Organization and International Rubber Research and Development Board

1999 ◽  
pp. 367-368
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Common Fund

Development and Modification of Natural Rubber for Advanced Application

2017 ◽  
pp. 44-76
Author(s):  
Kanoktip Boonkerd
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Elastomeric Material ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Polar Materials ◽  
Rubber Nanocomposites

Although natural rubber is a challenging elastomeric material for both dynamic and static engineering applications, there are some inherent drawbacks such as the poor oxygen, ozone, oil and heat resistance and also the low compatibility with the polar materials. To loosen these inferior properties and also to transform natural rubber into new polymeric materials, natural rubber needs to be either chemically or physically modified. Moreover, to make natural rubber become a promising elastomeric material for the advanced application, the development of natural rubber with the superior mechanical strength, the low gas permeability or the high conductivity is recently focused. And these can be done by reinforcing natural rubber with nanofillers. This chapter presents a broad review on the recent research and development of natural rubber including the modification of natural rubber and the preparation of various natural rubber nanocomposites for advanced application.

Exploring relationships between rubber productivity and R&D in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibragimov Abdulla ◽  
Fatimah Mohamed Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Production System ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Rubber Production

In recent decades, the Malaysian rubber sector has developed from a supplier of raw materials to a rubber-based manufacturing industry producing export products such as gloves and tyres. In contrast, the upstream rubber sector has experienced a declining trend in both plantation area and production capacity. In 2015, almost 95% of rubber producers were smallholders who depended on plantations as their main source of income. Despite government efforts to boost growth in the industry, the area and productivity have continued to decline. This study attempts to examine the structural factors that led to a decline in rubber area and natural rubber production and proposes strategies to enhance productivity and returns for smallholders. A system dynamics approach was used to capture the feedback relationships between variables in the rubber production system as well as the temporal lags and non-linearities. The findings suggest that gradual research and development funding for development of high-yielding clones holds major promise for yield improvement and increased income for smallholders.

Extraction and identification of fillers and pigments from pyrolyzed rubber and tire samples

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
P. Sadhukhan ◽  
J. B. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Curing Agents

Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain “designing properties” including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.Rubber stocks and tire sections are subjected to heat under nitrogen atmosphere to 550°C for one hour and then cooled under nitrogen to remove polymers, leaving behind carbon black, silica and zinc oxide and 650°C to eliminate carbon blacks, leaving only silica and zinc oxide.

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