The Importance of Considering Custom (URF/ADAT) In Issuing Fatwa (IFTĀ’) In Ibn Abidin’s Sharh Uqud Rasm al-Mufti (Kepentingan Menimbang Adat (URF/ADAT) Dalam Ibn Abidin’s Sharh Uqud Rasm al-Mufti Sharh Uqud Rasm al-Mufti)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-288
Author(s):  
Mohammed Farid Ali Al-Fijawi
Keyword(s):  
Legal Text ◽  
Suitable Solution ◽  
The People ◽  
Developing Societies

Abstract It is necessary for a MuftÊ to know the custom (Ñurf/ÑÉdat) of his people and place. Non awareness of custom will result in mufti’s fatwa not being at par with the problems and demands of the developing societies. This paper emphasizes the important role custom plays in sharÊÑah, essentiality of its knowledge for the jurists/muftis, and its significance in issuing fatwa (al-iftÉ’), while referring to the translation of Ibn ÑÓbidin’s SharÍ ÑUqËd Rasm al-MuftÊ (Commentary on MuftÊ’s Manual). The paper finds that there is no way out for a mufti to issue a fatwa, while ignoring the custom of his time. Fatwa is a tool for the evolution of sharÊÑah in dealing with the evolving worldly affairs, and guarantees the most suitable solution in changing circumstances, provided that the custom of the people are taken into consideration. Keywords: Custom (‘urf), Habit (‘adat), Fatwa, MuftÊ, IftÉ, Specification   (takhiÎÊÎ), Legal Text (al-naÎÎ). Abstrak Ia adalah satu keperluan untuk Mufti mengenalpasti adat (Ñurf/ÑÉdat) orang dan tempatnya. Ketidaksedaran adat akan menyebabkan fatwa yang dikeluarkan mufti tidak setaraf dengan masalah dan keinginan negara yang membangun. Kajian ini menekankan kepentingan peranan adat dalam sharÊÑah, keperluan ilmunya bagi mufti untuk mengeluarkan fatwa (al-iftÉ’) sambil merujuk kepada terjemahan Ibn ÑÓbidin’s SharÍ ÑUqËd Rasm al-Mufti. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa tidak ada cara lain bagi seorang mufti untuk mengeluarkan fatwa tanpa memahami adat pada masanya. Fatwa adalah satu alat untuk syariah dalam menangani urusan duniawi yang berkembang, dan menjamin penyelesaian yang paling sesuai dalam mengubah keadaan, dengan syarat adat rakyat dipertimbangkan. Kata Kunci: Adat (‘urf), Adat (‘adat), Fatwa, Mufti, Ifta’, Spesifikasi        (takhiÎÊÎ), Teks Perundangan (al-naÎÎ).

scholarly journals Amendments of 2020 to the Russian Constitution as an Update to Its Symbolic and Identity Programme

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Legal Text ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Constitution ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Historical Identity ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
Symbolic Content

AbstractIn the renewed Russian Fundamental Law, in addition to a number of provisions introducing changes to the political system, there are also statements of programmatic importance, as well as several provisions with symbolic and identity function. In this article these provisions are subject to functional and semiotic-cultural analysis. Particular emphasis has been placed on legally irrelevant content transmitted by the new regulations, on their semantic connections with the content of the preamble and on their cultural context. The research procedure carried out allows us to state that, compared with the 1993 text, the Russian Constitution in its current version participates to a much greater extent in the complex system of transmission of symbolic content, as well as the narratives that contribute to social memory, cultural and historical identity. In doing so, it goes beyond its genre limitations, opening the basic text to the functions assigned to the preamble. In the fragments I have analysed in the paper there are undoubtedly functional and genre disturbances, and with them changes the mode of semiosis of the legal text, both in its normative and programmatic form. Renewed Constitution is the case in which a legal text, by its very nature designing the possible future world, does so through ideas about the past.

Leontopolis: Kaiserstadt ohne Bischof?

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-506
Author(s):  
Philipp Pilhofer
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
Legal Text ◽  
The City

Abstract The city of Leontopolis in Isauria first appears in the sources towards the end of the 5th century, more precisely: in a legal text of the later Codex Iustinianus. In general, the surviving information is very sparse. In this essay, the source material is reviewed, in particular the mentioned law and the Martyrdom of Konon of Bidana. On this basis, a date of foundation is suggested, a new localisation of the city is established and the question of its own episcopal see is pursued.

الأمر بالعشرة بالمعروف في القرآن الكريم وأثره على العلاقات الأسرية

2021 ◽  
pp. arabic cover-english cover
Author(s):  
علي عبد العزيز سيور
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Knowledge System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Text ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

يجيب البحث عن إشكالية تتعلق بالعلاقات الأسرية من جهة الاحتكام للأعراف في النفقة والمسكن والملبس وغيرها، مما يترتب على ذلك خلافات تفضي ببعضها إلى المحاكم، وقد تنتهي بالطلاق. وقد هدف البحث إلى : 1 ـ تقديم منظومة معرفية متعلقة بدلالات العشرة بالمعروف من أجل الإسهام في إعادة تشكيل عقلية ناضجة للزوجين تضبط العلاقة بينهما عند الخلاف. 2 ـ تسليط الضوء على أبعاد وحدود المعروف نصًا والمعروف عرفًا في الأسرة. 3 ـ التأكيد على أن العشرة بالمعروف متبادلة بين كل من الزوج والزوجة، لا يقتصر هذا التكليف على واحد دون الآخر. وقد اعتمدت المنهج الاستقرائي عبر جمع الايات القرآنية ذات الصلة وذكر أقوال المفسرين والفقهاء، والمنهج التحليلي في فهم دلالات الألفاظ وتوجيهات المفسرين، والمنهج الاستنباطي بغية الوصول إلى ضوابط جامعة تخدم الهدف العام للبحث، وانتهى البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات ومنها: اعتبار العرف الذي لا يخالف نصًا شرعيًا قاعدة من القواعد المعتبرة في ضبط العلاقات بين الزوجين. بشرط أن يقع تحت قدرة الزوج وطاقته، وأن يكون مما انتشر بين الناس، وينطبق على الأسرة مثله. القرآن الكريم ـ العشرة بالمعروف – العلاقة الأسرية – الحقوق بين الزوجين – العرف وأثره بين الزوجين. Summary The research answers a problem related to family relations in terms of resorting to customs in alimony, housing, clothing, and others...which results in disputes that may lead to some of them in the courts and may end in divorce. The aim of the research was to 1 - presenting a knowledge system related to the semantics of the good-natured in order to contribute to reshaping a mature mentality of the spouses that controls the relationship between them in the event of disagreement. 2 - and to shed light on the dimensions and limits of what is textually known and what is known by convention in the family. 3 - Emphasis on that good practice is mutual. Between both husband and wife, this assignment is not limited to one without the other. The inductive approach was adopted by collecting the relevant Qur’anic verses and mentioning the sayings of the commentators and jurists, the analytical approach in understanding the semantics of the words and the directives of the interpreters, and the deductive approach in order to reach comprehensive controls that serve the general objective of the research, and the research ended with a set of results and recommendations, including: Considering the custom that does not contradict A legal text is one of the considered rules in controlling relations between spouses. Provided that it falls under the husband’s ability and energy, and that it is something that has spread among people, and applies to the family like him. The Noble Qur’an - Ten Laws - Family Relationship - Rights between spouses - Custom and its effect between spouses.

Representing Transnational Law: Drone Warfare and Transnational Legal Text

2021 ◽  
pp. 1068-1090
Author(s):  
Jothie Rajah
Keyword(s):  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Targeted Killing ◽  
Legal Text ◽  
Transnational Law ◽  
Drone Strikes ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Drone Warfare ◽  
British State ◽  
Fictional Representations

What can entertainment media tell us about a contemporary concept of law that is being transnationalized, and why should scholars pay attention to ostensibly fictional representations of law in transnational contexts? In this chapter, I consider representations of transnational law through an analysis of Gavin Hood’s 2016 film on drone warfare, Eye in the Sky (Eye). Eye is driven by a compelling narrative tension: a child is likely to be harmed if a missile is launched at a room occupied by terrorists loading suicide vests with explosives. But if this child is not risked (sacrificed?) and the terrorists conduct their suicide mission, a minimum of eighty civilian deaths is the probable result. With lives at stake, we watch a transnational alliance of American and British state actors debate law, the rules governing drone strikes, and accountability to publics, as the decision is made to conduct the targeted killing. Dramatizing questions of law in relation to the secretive workings of drone warfare, Eye offers a valuable representation of how a very specific account of law as security is being transnationalized.

scholarly journals Complying with Privacy Legislation: From Legal Text to Implementation of Privacy-Aware Location-Based Services

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Ataei ◽  
Auriol Degbelo ◽  
Christian Kray ◽  
Vitor Santos
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Legal Text ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
General Data

An individual’s location data is very sensitive geoinformation. While its disclosure is necessary, e.g., to provide location-based services (LBS), it also facilitates deep insights into the lives of LBS users as well as various attacks on these users. Location privacy threats can be mitigated through privacy regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which was introduced recently and harmonises data privacy laws across Europe. While the GDPR is meant to protect users’ privacy, the main problem is that it does not provide explicit guidelines for designers and developers about how to build systems that comply with it. In order to bridge this gap, we systematically analysed the legal text, carried out expert interviews, and ran a nine-week-long take-home study with four developers. We particularly focused on user-facing issues, as these have received little attention compared to technical issues. Our main contributions are a list of aspects from the legal text of the GDPR that can be tackled at the user interface level and a set of guidelines on how to realise this. Our results can help service providers, designers and developers of applications dealing with location information from human users to comply with the GDPR.

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