Review of the monograph by V.Kh. Akaev "Sufism in the Context of Arab-Muslim Culture. Monograph. Grozny: State Unitary Enterprise "Book Publishing House", 2020. 523 pp."

Монографическое исследование В.Х. Акаева представляет собой самостоятельное авторское исследование, посвященное проблемам генезиса и эволюции суфизма в глобальном и региональном измерении. Отмечается, что суфизм, сформировавшись в лоне арабо-мусульманской культуры, как религиозно-мистический феномен проник в духовное пространство народов Северного Кавказа. Его отличительной чертой в рассматриваемом регионе стало то, что суфистские братства сумели встроиться в структуру традиционных этносоциальных институций ряда северокавказских народов. Однако деформация общественно-политической жизни Северного Кавказа в начале 1990-х гг. привела к активизации деятельности радикалистов и экстремистов в Чечне и Дагестане. В рецензируемой монографии осмыслен деструктивный потенциал религиозного радикализма, который активно продвигался идеологами ваххабизма, оперировавшими концептами шахидизма. Определены принципиальные расхождения ваххабизма и суфизма в интерпретации теологической доктрины ислама. Отдельного внимания заслуживает и авторское описание социально-политического портрета асоциальных акторов радикализма. Делается вывод о том, что наиболее эффективным инструментом профилактики религиозного радикализма является диалог культур, нацеленный на смягчение культурных конфликтов и обеспечивающий их активный обмен при сохранении культурно-исторической самобытности. The monographic study of V.Kh. Akaev is an independent author's research on the problems of genesis and the evolution of Sufism in the global and regional dimension. Having formed in the bosom of Arab-Muslim culture, Sufism as a religious-mystical phenomenon penetrated the spiritual space of the peoples of the North Caucasus. Its distinctive feature in the region under consideration was that Sufi fraternities managed to integrate into the structure of traditional ethnosocial institutions of a number of North Caucasian peoples. However, the deformation of the socio-political life of the North Caucasus in the early 1990s led to the activation of the activities of radicalists and extremists in Chechnya and Dagestan. The peer-reviewed monograph makes sense of the destructive potential of religious radicalism, which was actively promoted by Wahhabism ideologists who operated on the concepts of Shahidism. Fundamental differences between Wahhabism and Sufism in the interpretation of the theological doctrine of Islam were determined. The author's description of the socio-political portrait of asocial actors of radicalism deserves special attention. The research shows that the most effective tool for preventing religious radicalism is the dialogue of cultures aimed at mitigating cultural conflicts and ensuring their active exchange while preserving cultural and historical identity.

Historical identity in the coordinate system of world development

The purpose of the article is to conceptualize the phenomena of «ethnic» and «national» identity and to determine the vectors of their development. Research methods are based on the fundamental principles of historical and cultural analysis. The methodological core of the research is a comparative analysis of ethnic and national identities in the chronotype as complex sociocultural systems. The scientific novelty lies in the conceptualization of the ethnonational identity dichotomy through the prism of the cultural code. It is substantiated that in the conditions of modern modernization, the ratio between the ethnic and national components of identity depends on the direction of their development vectors: a) when the vectors are parallel and equally oriented (for example, one of the ethnic communities monopolizes power), there is a reduction of national identity to ethnic one; b) when the vectors are parallel, but oppositely oriented (for example, when an ethnic community seeks to recognize its right to political self-determination), national identity collides with the interests of the ethnic community, entering into confrontation with it. Conclusions. Within the framework of constructivism, the phenomenon of ethnic identity is analyzed as a social construct and the factors of deviation from this model are revealed (in particular, adaptation to the environment, acculturation, violation of the demographic balance between different groups), causing its variability. The systemic characteristics and the main conceptual components of national identity (internal and external) are analyzed, factors of the weakening of social ties due to the processes of globalization, the growth of entropy, and information expansion in society are identified. Typical models of interaction of ethnic and national identities are considered. Keywords: ethnic identity, national identity, cultural code, ethnos, nation.

Narasi Islam dalam Studi Orientaslisme dan Post Kolonialisme

This paper will try to uncover the affair of orientalism and (post) colonialism in which the orientalist discourse, at the practical level, cannot be separated from the intertwined network of colonialism. In fact, between the two there is a reciprocal relationship that is so intimate in the form of cultural hegemony of orientalism which is fully supported by the authority of colonialism or vice versa, depending on the frame of the object being studied. But the first option is more appropriate to be my choice--for the sake of adaptation of the basic theme that will be raised. This lengthy presentation, aside from presenting paradoxical historical accounts between the two—in fact, each has its own historical identity—it will also strip down the motivation, background and epistema of the two. And with a little rash, because of my limitations, it can also be said as a case study of both at once. Tulisan ini akan mencoba menguak perselingkuhan orientalisme dan (post) kolonialisme dimana wacana orientalis, dalam tataran praksis, tidak bisa dilepaskan dari jejaring kolonialisme yang bererat-kelindan. Bahkan antar keduannya ada hubungan timbal balik yang begitu mesra berupa hegemoni kebudayaan orientalisme yang disokong penuh oleh otoritas kekuasaan kolonialisme atau bisa juga kesebalikannya, bergantung frame objek yang dikaji. Namun opsi yang pertama lebih tepat jadi pilihan saya--demi adaptasi dari tema dasar yang akan diangkat. Paparan panjang ini, disamping akan mempresentasikan paparan-paparan sejarah yang paradoks antar keduanya—bahkan sejatinya masing-masing memiliki ciri identitas sejarah sendiri—pun juga akan mempreteli motivasi, latar belakang dan epistema keduannya. Dan dengan sedikit gegabah, karena keterbatasan saya, bisa dikatakan pula sebagai studi kasus keduanya sekaligus.

Better and Lesser Catalans?

The paper analyses the relationships between the teams and supporters of FC Barcelona and RCD Espanyol Barcelona, in which the dispute concerning Catalanness has been and remains the foremost issue. FC Barcelona is widely considered an ambassador of Catalonia, a symbol of Catalanness and the epitome of Catalanism as embodied through football. Espanyol, its local rival, has to face allegations of being a non-Catalan club, or an outgrowth of Real Madrid in Barcelona. While Barça is the club in which one “does politics” and with which one creates Catalonia (fer Catalunya), it is emphasized that Espanyol and its supporters are not involved in politics and the Catalan national effort. A perennial feud continues between the boards and fans of both clubs; historical, identity-related and ethnic arguments are invoked to demonstrate the Catalanness of one side (FC Barcelona) and its incompleteness or even utter absence in the other (RCD Espanyol). The analysis conducted in the paper shows that FC Barcelona’s exclusive Catalanness and right to represent Catalonia is a historical and social fact, but it has been challenged recently by Espanyol through the Catalanization the club undertook in mid-1990s and a series of public campaigns to undermine the hegemony of Barça in the city and the region. Espanyol is the active side in the contest to overcome FC Barcelona’s monopoly on representing Catalonia, while Barcelona itself focuses on retaining its previous status. The study demonstrates that both clubs are in fact polysemous, which means that Espanyol has supporters who feel first and foremost Catalans and espouse Catalan independence, while avowed opponents of the same idea can be found among the supporters of the Blaugrana, although the club is primarily Spanish and not only Catalan.

DIRECTOR’S INTERPRETATION OF KAZAKH DANCE: DEVELOPMENT TRAJECTORIES IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CREATIVITY

The study investigates the director’s interpretations of Kazakh dance in the perspective of creativity on the example of works dated the last quarter of the 20th – early 21st century to determine the choreography’s development vectors with taking into account the aspect of creativity. This research is based on the small and large dance performances analysis. The study relevance lies in the fact that it can become a tool for determining the expression level of the national aspect in Kazakh dance art. The results of the study show the role of creativity in the dance education and its ffectiveness in the development of Kazakh dance art. This tool is necessary for the choreographer’s worldview theoretical analysis and his/her dance interpretation, for the Kazakh choreography subsequent enrichment, and preservation of Kazakh historical identity.

Second-hand poetics: Dynamic shifts from home to monument

<p>This thesis began with an Antarctic story. There is something sublime about the adventures of Scott and Shackleton; their ability to entertain the emotive sensation of place, despite a physical detachment. Tales of exploration arrest moments of suspense, drama and inspiration and yet they are surrounded by the fact that Antarctica is a barren, isolated expanse. The opportunity of these particular constructs, which operate between intimacy and departure, to serve the creation of a special experience, it exists beyond the replication of these narratives; they might suggest how New Zealand national identity might be framed. The natural architecture of the frozen continent is grand. Its timelessness rivals the foundations that the rest of the developed world is built on. Yet simultaneously its stories create a rapport which personalises identity and allows memory to be mobilised. New Zealand built history has only recently emerged but representationally the identity of the nation is monumental, especially in relation to Antarctic. This thesis asks how the relationship between NZ and Antarctica might be physically manifested through architecture, in order to deepen the stability of NZ historical identity. The project is situated on the Lyttelton harbour where New Zealand and Antarctica have historically converged. At this location the vicarious nature of the Antarctic story is exploited so that the sense of place might exist even though, physically and temporally, it is not attached to the Antarctic. This is realised through a set of imagined dwellings on Dampier Bay, which are contained within the definition of ‘Home’. The programme of this research acts to acknowledge this duality and formalises it as the ‘monument’ and the ‘home’. The primary understanding of programme will however be domestic, as it is the point at which our most intimate memories are created. The realisation of the monument will be introduced through the act of designing itself. Architecture is used as a tool to negotiate the exchange of personality between the two places and ideas, with the poetics of representation providing a framework for investigation. Because the method is derived from such poetics, my own subjective will is asserted onto these interpretations. The process has therefore become non-quantifiable, it relies instead on a level of intuition. The Antarctic story resonates with the moments we find identity in, they have the potential to complement New Zealand’s Architectural history where it is wanting of poetic agency.</p>

Second-hand poetics: Dynamic shifts from home to monument

<p>This thesis began with an Antarctic story. There is something sublime about the adventures of Scott and Shackleton; their ability to entertain the emotive sensation of place, despite a physical detachment. Tales of exploration arrest moments of suspense, drama and inspiration and yet they are surrounded by the fact that Antarctica is a barren, isolated expanse. The opportunity of these particular constructs, which operate between intimacy and departure, to serve the creation of a special experience, it exists beyond the replication of these narratives; they might suggest how New Zealand national identity might be framed. The natural architecture of the frozen continent is grand. Its timelessness rivals the foundations that the rest of the developed world is built on. Yet simultaneously its stories create a rapport which personalises identity and allows memory to be mobilised. New Zealand built history has only recently emerged but representationally the identity of the nation is monumental, especially in relation to Antarctic. This thesis asks how the relationship between NZ and Antarctica might be physically manifested through architecture, in order to deepen the stability of NZ historical identity. The project is situated on the Lyttelton harbour where New Zealand and Antarctica have historically converged. At this location the vicarious nature of the Antarctic story is exploited so that the sense of place might exist even though, physically and temporally, it is not attached to the Antarctic. This is realised through a set of imagined dwellings on Dampier Bay, which are contained within the definition of ‘Home’. The programme of this research acts to acknowledge this duality and formalises it as the ‘monument’ and the ‘home’. The primary understanding of programme will however be domestic, as it is the point at which our most intimate memories are created. The realisation of the monument will be introduced through the act of designing itself. Architecture is used as a tool to negotiate the exchange of personality between the two places and ideas, with the poetics of representation providing a framework for investigation. Because the method is derived from such poetics, my own subjective will is asserted onto these interpretations. The process has therefore become non-quantifiable, it relies instead on a level of intuition. The Antarctic story resonates with the moments we find identity in, they have the potential to complement New Zealand’s Architectural history where it is wanting of poetic agency.</p>

Exogenous factors of memory formation about the great soviet era in contemporary Russia

This article is devoted to the analysis of exogenous factors in the formation of the historical memory of Russian society about the Soviet era. The author refers to those components of the Russian information and cultural space that are created and broadcast into the consciousness of Russian society with direct influence and interest of foreign entities external to Russia. On the basis of facts and texts, conclusions are made about the systematic and consistent nature of attempts to influence the historical memory of Russian society in order to radically transform Russian national-historical consciousness and a sense of historical identity. The diversity of such effects is also noted. Despite the long and cumulative nature of attempts at external influence on the Russian memorial culture and social memory, a high degree of stability of the collective memory of Russian society should be stated. Not least, this is achieved thanks to the thoughtful historical policy of the Russian state over the past 15-20 years.

Historical identity in the coordinate system of world development

The purpose of the article is to analyze the systemic characteristics of historical identity as a scientific category and to comprehend its substantive core on the basis of the paradigm that dominates in a particular historical period. Methodology. Research methods are based on the fundamental principles of historical and cultural studies analysis. The conceptual methodological core of the research is the system analysis of identity as a complex hierarchical system, self-developing in the chronotopе. The scientific novelty lies in the conceptualization of the phenomenon of historical identity from the standpoint of its temporality in the context of the acceleration of identification processes. The invariant and variable nature of the phenomenon is revealed. Conclusions. Based on the memorial paradigm about the continuity of history in its correlation with time, it is shown that historical identity is a sociology-cultural construct, the key mechanism for the formation of which is the dichotomy of «memory-oblivion».