scholarly journals Investigation of the Causes of Violations of the Radioactive Balance between Radionuclides of the Uranium Decay Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Soliyev T.I. ◽  
Muzafarov A.M.
Keyword(s):  
Daughter Nucleus ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Technological Factor ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Decay Chain ◽  
Recoil Energy ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Underground Leaching ◽  
Radioactive Equilibrium ◽  
Nuclear Masses

Throughout the literature, it is mentioned that 15 radionuclides in the uranium decay chain have a constant radioactive equilibrium. Theoretical calculations give the value of the activity of each radionuclide in the uranium decay chain.This article examines various factors that affect the coefficient of radioactive equilibrium between radionuclides in the uranium decay chainThe concept of the coefficient of violations of nuclear equilibrium between radionuclides is adopted to determine the degree of violations in the uranium decay chain.Many nuclear-physical factors influence the radioactive balance between radionuclides. The most important of them is the recoil energy that the daughter nucleus receives when splitting from the mother nucleus.Another critical factor in the violation of the radioactive balance between radionuclides is the technological factor: leaching (acid, mini-reagent, bicarbonate, etc.) when leaching uranium by underground leaching of uranium.In addition, as a theoretical result of the study, the article presents a graphical relationship between the number of nuclear masses and the recoil energy of radionuclides in the uranium decay chain.

scholarly journals The ignition of solid explosive media by hot wires

1949 ◽  
Vol 198 (1055) ◽  
pp. 523-539 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Equation ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Heating Element ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Ignition Process ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
The Moment

The present paper describes an investigation of the physical factors affecting the ignition of solid explosives by heated filaments embedded in the medium. The filaments were composed of fine resistance wire and were heated electrically, the critical thermal energy required to cause ignition being measured for wires of different geometrical, thermal and electrical characteristics and for different times of heating. Systematic variation of these factors enabled the energy equation for the ignition process to be formulated and its terms analyzed, the technique involving extrapolation to zero time of heating as a means of eliminating heat losses from the ignition system, and extrapolation to zero diameter of wire in order to eliminate terms involving the heating element; the former simulates the ideal case of a heat-insulated ignition system and the latter that of a line source of heat. The energy equation for ignition in these circumstances takes a simple form which implies that, at the moment of ignition, the heat supplied to the ignition system always equals the heat gained by the system plus the heat lost, the absence of any term representing heat generated by chemical action being very significant. For a given ignition system, the amount of heat absorbed up to the moment of ignition is shown to be independent of time, so that the increase in ignition energy with increasing time of ignition is wholly attributable to the heat losses sustained by the ignition system during the heating process. Further analysis shows that the critical factor governing ignition in systems of the type considered is the temperature, and that the geometry of the heating element probably determines the amount of explosive which must be raised to the critical temperature to ensure ignition.

Dynamics of nuclear recoil: QM-MD simulations ofmodel systems following β-decay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Fromsejer ◽  
Kurt V Mikkelsen ◽  
Lars Hemmingsen
Keyword(s):  
Daughter Nucleus ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Nuclear Recoil ◽  
Recoil Energy ◽  
Nuclear Decay ◽  
Β Decay ◽  
Chemical Systems

The kinetic recoil energy received by the daughter nucleus in a nuclear decay is often large enough to affect the structure around the nucleus in chemical systems. The coinciding element change...

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE RADIOACTIVE EQUILIBRIUM COEFFICIENT BETWEEN RADIONUCLIDES OF THE URANIUM DECAY CHAIN.

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 801-804
Author(s):  
Tursunboy Izzatillo ugli Soliyev ◽  
◽  
Amrullo Mustafoyevich Muzafarov ◽  
Bahriddin Faxriddinovich Izbosarov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Decay Chain ◽  
Radioactive Equilibrium

PROPERTIES OF THE SUPERHEAVY NUCLEUS 294118 AND ITS α-DECAY CHAIN IN THE RELATIVISTIC MEAN FIELD THEORY

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 1309-1317
Author(s):  
FANG ZHOU ◽  
JIAN-YOU GUO
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Superheavy Nucleus ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Decay Chain ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Superheavy Nuclei ◽  
Α Decay ◽  
Relativistic Mean Field

The superheavy nucleus 294118 and its α-decay chain have been investigated systematically in the relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory with the interactions NL3, TMA, PK1 and NLZ. The properties of ground state have been described well with the binding energies per nucleon and α-decay energies, which are reproduced as compared with the experimental data. It shows that the RMF theory is effective for studying not only the stable nuclei but also the superheavy nuclei presented here. In particular, the prolate shape predicted in the ground state of these superheavy nuclei is in agreement with the experimental data as well as other theoretical calculations.

XUV Absorption Spectra of Carbon Ions

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
E. Jannitti ◽  
P. Nicolosi ◽  
G. Tondello
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Photoionization Cross Section ◽  
Carbon Ions

AbstractThe photoabsorption spectra of the carbon ions have been obtained by using two laser-produced plasmas. The photoionization cross-section of the CV has been absolutely measured and the value at threshold, σ=(4.7±0.5) × 10−19cm2, as well as its behaviour at higher energies agrees quite well with the theoretical calculations.

Relative Intensities in ED Patterns From Thin Gold Films

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
R. H. Morriss ◽  
J. D. C. Peng ◽  
C. D. Melvin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Diffraction Theory ◽  
Gold Films ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Crystal Perfection ◽  
Heavy Atoms ◽  
Fine Focus ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Beam Diffraction

Although dynamical diffraction theory was modified for electrons by Bethe in 1928, relatively few calculations have been carried out because of computational difficulties. Even fewer attempts have been made to correlate experimental data with theoretical calculations. The experimental conditions are indeed stringent - not only is a knowledge of crystal perfection, morphology, and orientation necessary, but other factors such as specimen contamination are important and must be carefully controlled. The experimental method of fine-focus convergent-beam electron diffraction has been successfully applied by Goodman and Lehmpfuhl to single crystals of MgO containing light atoms and more recently by Lynch to single crystalline (111) gold films which contain heavy atoms. In both experiments intensity distributions were calculated using the multislice method of n-beam diffraction theory. In order to obtain reasonable accuracy Lynch found it necessary to include 139 beams in the calculations for gold with all but 43 corresponding to beams out of the [111] zone.

A Method for Setting the Clearance Angle

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Michael T. Bucek ◽  
Howard J. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Clearance Angle ◽  
Crude Approximation ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

It is believed by the authors, with supporting experimental evidence, that as little as 0.5°, or less, knife clearance angle may be a critical factor in obtaining optimum quality ultrathin sections. The degree increments located on the knife holder provides the investigator with only a crude approximation of the angle at which the holder is set. With the increments displayed on the holder one cannot set the clearance angle precisely and reproducibly. The ability to routinely set this angle precisely and without difficulty would obviously be of great assistance to the operator. A device has been contrived to aid the investigator in precisely setting the clearance angle. This device is relatively simple and is easily constructed. It consists of a light source and an optically flat, front surfaced mirror with a minute black spot in the center. The mirror is affixed to the knife by placing it permanently on top of the knife holder.

Effects of Higher-Order Laue Zone reflections on structure images

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
H. S. Kim ◽  
S. S. Sheinin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Vector ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Bloch Wave ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Lattice Image ◽  
Lattice Vector ◽  
Image Position

The importance of image simulation in interpreting experimental lattice images is well established. Normally, in carrying out the required theoretical calculations, only zero order Laue zone reflections are taken into account. In this paper we assess the conditions for which this procedure is valid and indicate circumstances in which higher order Laue zone reflections may be important. Our work is based on an analysis of the requirements for obtaining structure images i.e. images directly related to the projected potential. In the considerations to follow, the Bloch wave formulation of the dynamical theory has been used.The intensity in a lattice image can be obtained from the total wave function at the image plane is given by: where ϕg(z) is the diffracted beam amplitide given by In these equations,the z direction is perpendicular to the entrance surface, g is a reciprocal lattice vector, the Cg(i) are Fourier coefficients in the expression for a Bloch wave, b(i), X(i) is the Bloch wave excitation coefficient, ϒ(i)=k(i)-K, k(i) is a Bloch wave vector, K is the electron wave vector after correction for the mean inner potential of the crystal, T(q) and D(q) are the transfer function and damping function respectively, q is a scattering vector and the summation is over i=l,N where N is the number of beams taken into account.

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