Degradation and Efficacy of Deltamethrin + Chlorpyrifosmethyl and Cyfluthrin + Chlorpyrifos-methyl as Protectants of Wheat Stored in Southeast Georgia1

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Initial Storage ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Soft red winter wheat (27.27 kg replicates) treated with combinations of deltamethrin + chlorpyrifos-methyl, with and without piperonyl butoxide, and cyfluthrin, applied alone or with either chlorpyrifos-methyl or piperonyl butoxide, was stored from 15 May 1992 to 9 February 1993 (6 chemical treatments and an untreated control). Each replicate was artificially infested with 50 adult lesser grain borers, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.), and 50 adult rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), upon initial storage, sampled with probe traps at monthly intervals, and subsequently reinfested. Trap catch of lesser grain borer was always 0, except for two traps at month 4 that contained one adult in each trap. Maximum population levels of rice weevil and a natural infestation of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), occurred at month 5. Trap catch of these two species in the chemical treatments averaged 2.2 to 34.0 and 0.0 to 19.5 live adults per trap, respectively. From months 4 to 9, the percentage of insect-damaged kernels averaged 4.0 to 5.5% in wheat treated with 0.25 ppm deltamethrin + 6.0 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl + 4.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide. Maximum kernel damage in the other chemical treatments was 3.2%.

scholarly journals Mobility of Stored Product Beetles after Exposure to a Combination Insecticide Containing Deltamethrin, Methoprene, and a Piperonyl Butoxide Synergist Depends on Species, Concentration, and Exposure Time

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou ◽  
W. Robert Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Exposure Interval ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
The Relationship

Adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil, were exposed for 1, 24, and 72 h on wheat treated with concentrations of 0% (untreated controls) to 100% of the proposed label rate of an experimental formulation of deltamethrin + Methoprene + piperonyl butoxide synergist. Movement and velocity of movement were assessed after each exposure time using a camera-based monitoring system (Ethovision®). Movement of R. dominica decreased with increasing concentration and exposure time, so that movement had virtually ceased at the 48 and 72 h exposures. Cryptolestes ferrugineus was less susceptible compared to R. dominica, but there was still a general pattern of decreased movement and velocity of movement with increasing concentration and exposure time. Sitophilus oryzae was the least susceptible species, with less differences at the 1 h exposure interval compared to the other two species, but after 24–72 h, the patterns of declining movement and velocity were apparent as the concentration increased. Data were analyzed using curve-fit equations to show the relationship between concentration and exposure time for each species. Results show that the Ethovison system can be used to assess the sub-lethal effects of exposure to grain protectant insecticides and elucidate behavioral variation between different stored product insects.

The frequency of Cryptolestes spp. in grain in south-east Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Sinclair ◽  
M Bengston
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
Stored Grain Pests ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
Grain Farms

In a survey of 60 grain farms on the Darling Downs, Queensland, during 1977-78, the flat grain beetles Cryptolestes spp., which are germ feeders in stored grains, were found on 39 of the farms and in 15% of the 483 samples taken. Ninety percent of infestations involving Cryptolestes spp. were found in bag or bulk stores of seed and feed grain, where they were usually associated with heavy infestations of the three more common stored grain pests, the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbest.). Three species of Cryptolestes were detected: C. pusillus (Schonherr) (45.6% of farms surveyed), C. ferrugineus (Steph.) (28.1 %), and C. pusilloides (Steel and Howe) (15.8%). During the farm survey, samples were also collected from 8 of the 11 central storages reported infested with Cryptolestes spp. C. ferrugineus was present in each of these samples, C. pusillus in only one, whilst C. pusilloides was not found. The three species were tested for resistance to malathion and fenitrothion, the most commonly used grain-protectant chemicals, by exposing adults to treated wheat. C. pusillus and C. pusilloides were susceptible to both malathion and fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1). C. ferrugineus, whilst susceptible to fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1) was resistant to malathion, with LC99.9 of 300-400 mg kg-1 compared with the recommended dose of 18 mg kg -1. Although C. pusillus was the most common species on farms, it was concluded that C. ferrugineus was the most important overall because it is biologically better suited to the grain in central storages, which is typically hot (>30�C) and of low moisture content (< 12% for wheat).

Residual Efficacy of Cyfluthrin Applied Alone or in Combination with Piperonyl Butoxide or Piperonyl Butoxide + Chlorpyrifos-methyl as Protectants of Stored Corn2

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Residual Efficacy

Pioneer variety ‘3320’ seed corn, treated with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, each rate of cyfluthrin + 8.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide, or each rate of cyfluthrin + 8.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide + 6.0 ppm chlorpyrifosmethyl, was stored for 10 months at ambient conditions in south Georgia. Every 2 months the corn was sampled and bioassayed with maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Maize weevil survival on corn treated with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm cyfluthrin ranged from 39.5 to 76.0%, 4.0 to 29.5%, and 1.0 to 11.5%, respectively. Weevils did not survive exposure on corn treated with 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, each rate of cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide, or each rate of cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide + chlorpyrifos-methyl. F1 progeny and dockage (ground corn flour and insect frass) in incubated bioassays were correlated with initial survival. Red flour beetle survival on corn treated with cyfluthrin alone or cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide was variable throughout the test, although survival at any bioassay usually decreased as the rate of cyfluthrin increased. However, no F1 adults or dockage was detected in any incubated bioassay from the 12 chemical treatments.

Migration of stored-grain insect pests from a small wheat bulk

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Sinclair ◽  
J Alder
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Grain Bulks ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Cryptolestes Pusillus

One hundred unsexed adults of each of the following coleopterous species were added to 27 .3 kg of clean wheat: Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (rice weevil), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (lesser grain borer), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (rust-red flour beetle), and the flat grain beetles Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr), C. ferrugineus (Stephens), and C. pusilloides (Steele and Howe). For 15 months, measurements were made of population size and emigration from this wheat bulk. The highest populations recorded for each species were: 138 850, 65 680, 9 060, 47 000, 15 530, 11 940, respectively, and total emigrant numbers during the period were: 774 682, 278 094, 123 784, 335 588, 39 070, 9 352, respectively. Such high numbers of emigrants in relation to relatively low source populations emphasize the significance of small amounts of infested grain as sources of infestation of large grain bulks, and hence the importance of grain hygiene. The proportion of females in the populations of four species changed significantly from 0.50 as populations developed. Emigration behaviour was influenced most commonly by temperature, insect numbers, and wheat age, but these factors did not act uniformly on all species. Negligible numbers of emigrants returned to the food source. Low numbers caught in food traps away from the source were consistent with these not being attractive but traps near the shed walls caught greater numbers than expected.

Effect of Preripe Harvest and Artificial Drying on the Milling and Baking Quality of Soft Red Winter Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen W. Kirlies ◽  
Thomas L. Housley ◽  
Abdallah M. Emam ◽  
Fred L. Patterson ◽  
Martin R. Okos
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Evaluation of Soft Red Winter Wheat Forage Yield, Nutritive Value and Tetany Hazard as Influenced by Sampling Date and Nitrogen Fertilization

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Clayton R. Bailey ◽  
Lathan B. Daniels ◽  
Wayne K. Coblentz ◽  
Elizabeth B. Kegley ◽  
Levi J. McBeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

‘GA JT141‐14E45’: A new soft red winter wheat cultivar adapted to Georgia and the U.S. Southeast region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mergoum ◽  
Jerry W. Johnson ◽  
James W. Buck ◽  
Steve Sutton ◽  
Benjamin Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Triazole-Based Fungicides on Wheat Yield and Test Weight as Influenced by Fusarium Head Blight Intensity

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
M. P. McMullen ◽  
D. E. Hershman ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Multivariate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 12 years of data from 14 U.S. states to determine the mean yield and test-weight responses of wheat to treatment with propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant increase in mean yield and test weight relative to the check (D; P < 0.001). Metconazole resulted in the highest overall yield increase, with a D of 450 kg/ha, followed by prothioconazole+tebuconazole (444.5 kg/ha), prothioconazole (419.1 kg/ha), tebuconazole (272.6 kg/ha), and propiconazole (199.6 kg/ha). Metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole also resulted in the highest increases in test weight, with D values of 17.4 to 19.4 kg/m3, respectively. On a relative scale, the best three fungicides resulted in an overall 13.8 to 15.0% increase in yield but only a 2.5 to 2.8% increase in test weight. Except for prothioconazole+tebuconazole, wheat type significantly affected the yield response to treatment; depending on the fungicide, D was 110.0 to 163.7 kg/ha higher in spring than in soft-red winter wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease index (field or plot-level severity) in the untreated check plots, a measure of the risk of disease development in a study, had a significant effect on the yield response to treatment, in that D increased with increasing FHB index. The probability was estimated that fungicide treatment in a randomly selected study will result in a positive yield increase (p+) and increases of at least 250 and 500 kg/ha (p250 and p500, respectively). For the three most effective fungicide treatments (metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) at the higher selected FHB index, p+ was very large (e.g., ≥0.99 for both wheat types) but p500 was considerably lower (e.g., 0.78 to 0.92 for spring and 0.54 to 0.68 for soft-red winter wheat); at the lower FHB index, p500 for the same three fungicides was 0.34 to 0.36 for spring and only 0.09 to 0.23 for soft-red winter wheat.

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