MODELS OF GRAIN TRANSPORTATION IN A COMPLEX SYSTEM OF GRAIN PROCESSING PLANTS

The purpose of the scientific article is to determine the optimal options for attaching grain farms to grain receiving enterprises. When writing the work were used methods for studying bibliographic sources and the principles of economic and mathematical modeling, systematization, synthesis, comparison, quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results of the study – the optimal options for attaching grain farms to grain receiving enterprises were determined on the basis of the effective use of their technical ability in operations of receiving, processing, placing, forming batches of grain and the optimal scheme for linking grain receiving enterprises to processing plants taking into account the distance of transportation for the intended purpose, as well as the annual needs.

The role of graining in ensuring food security

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

TRENDS AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT INDIVIDUAL GRAIN FARMS IN CONTEXT OF PROVISION FOOD SECURITY OF UKRAINE AND ITS REGIONS

In the article author analyzes changes in the dynamics and structure of grain production in Ukraine, determined the growth trend the share of individual sector in gross grain collection from 2,8 % in 1990 to 34,7 % in 2016 due to a decrease in the share of corporate sector. Individual grain farms occupy a market niche of production little profitable, but socially significant strategic crops (cereals and barley) for domestic consumption. Determined tendency of excess concentration of grain production, which is growing in the export segment, and a tendency of excess concentrate land in large enterprises of the corporate sector. According to results of the analysis are substantiated the main problems of development of individual farms, in particular: (1) limited access of small commodity producers to market infrastructure, lack of alternative grain delivery channels, except for implementation of opaque �other channels�, underdevelopment of processing and state directions of sales products; (2) dependence of small and medium grain producers from the price policy of traders, as owners of 90 % of sold grain, which influence the formation of seasonal purchasing prices of products; (3) disproportionate distribution of income between corporate and individual sectors, which is reinforced by seasonal and regional price volatility; (4) limited access of direct producers of grain to credit resources and state financial support; (5) unsatisfactory institutional providing for development of individual farms, the absence of their representations in professional associations. Volumes of grain production individual farms determine the level of real coefficient food security of the state and its regions. Increasing the profitability of subjects individual sector will promote development and state support of grain cooperation in Ukraine.

Nature of the Farm: Revisited

We empirically test separation of ownership and control (SOC) and the interaction of SOC with farmer effort on farm success using data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Resource Management Survey. We use a two-stage least-squares approach with instrumental variables that proxy for participation constraints in binding incentive contracts. We find that the interaction has a significantly positive effect on success for grain farms and an insignificant effect for livestock farms. The results are consistent with hypotheses by Allen and Lueck (1998), but our model predicts that farms with SOC are likely to be more successful than farms without SOC despite exogenous uncertainty and agency costs.