Migration of stored-grain insect pests from a small wheat bulk

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Sinclair ◽  
J Alder
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Grain Bulks ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Cryptolestes Pusillus

One hundred unsexed adults of each of the following coleopterous species were added to 27 .3 kg of clean wheat: Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (rice weevil), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (lesser grain borer), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (rust-red flour beetle), and the flat grain beetles Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr), C. ferrugineus (Stephens), and C. pusilloides (Steele and Howe). For 15 months, measurements were made of population size and emigration from this wheat bulk. The highest populations recorded for each species were: 138 850, 65 680, 9 060, 47 000, 15 530, 11 940, respectively, and total emigrant numbers during the period were: 774 682, 278 094, 123 784, 335 588, 39 070, 9 352, respectively. Such high numbers of emigrants in relation to relatively low source populations emphasize the significance of small amounts of infested grain as sources of infestation of large grain bulks, and hence the importance of grain hygiene. The proportion of females in the populations of four species changed significantly from 0.50 as populations developed. Emigration behaviour was influenced most commonly by temperature, insect numbers, and wheat age, but these factors did not act uniformly on all species. Negligible numbers of emigrants returned to the food source. Low numbers caught in food traps away from the source were consistent with these not being attractive but traps near the shed walls caught greater numbers than expected.

The frequency of Cryptolestes spp. in grain in south-east Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Sinclair ◽  
M Bengston
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
Stored Grain Pests ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
Grain Farms

In a survey of 60 grain farms on the Darling Downs, Queensland, during 1977-78, the flat grain beetles Cryptolestes spp., which are germ feeders in stored grains, were found on 39 of the farms and in 15% of the 483 samples taken. Ninety percent of infestations involving Cryptolestes spp. were found in bag or bulk stores of seed and feed grain, where they were usually associated with heavy infestations of the three more common stored grain pests, the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbest.). Three species of Cryptolestes were detected: C. pusillus (Schonherr) (45.6% of farms surveyed), C. ferrugineus (Steph.) (28.1 %), and C. pusilloides (Steel and Howe) (15.8%). During the farm survey, samples were also collected from 8 of the 11 central storages reported infested with Cryptolestes spp. C. ferrugineus was present in each of these samples, C. pusillus in only one, whilst C. pusilloides was not found. The three species were tested for resistance to malathion and fenitrothion, the most commonly used grain-protectant chemicals, by exposing adults to treated wheat. C. pusillus and C. pusilloides were susceptible to both malathion and fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1). C. ferrugineus, whilst susceptible to fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1) was resistant to malathion, with LC99.9 of 300-400 mg kg-1 compared with the recommended dose of 18 mg kg -1. Although C. pusillus was the most common species on farms, it was concluded that C. ferrugineus was the most important overall because it is biologically better suited to the grain in central storages, which is typically hot (>30�C) and of low moisture content (< 12% for wheat).

scholarly journals Insecticidal effect of from three Hypericum species extracts against Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium confusum

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cennet Yaman ◽  
Şeyda Şimşek
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Hypericum Species ◽  
Control Insect

ABSTRACT The search for new plant natural products with insecticidal properties to control insect pests in agriculture has gained relevance in the past decades. The aim of the study was to investigate the insecticidal activity of extracts derived from flower, leaf, and stem of three Hypericum species (Hypericum heterophyllum, Hypericum perforatum, Hypericum scabrum) against the adults of three important stored grain insect pests namely; Sitophilus oryzae (Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae) and Tribolium confusum (Tenebrionidae). The insects were incubated with the food under 10% concentration of Hypericum extracts and the mortality was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. The extracts of the Hypericum species and exposure time were found to have statistically significant effective against the three insect pests. After 72 h exposure, the mortality ranged from 4.3 to 94.1 % for all insects. Among tested insects, R. dominica was more susceptible than T. confusum and S. oryzae. Although desirable insecticidal effect against the insects were recorded from all the three Hypericum species, the leaf extract of H. perforatum was more effective on R. dominica, while the flower and stem of H. scabrum displayed high toxic effect on T. confusum and S. oryzae, respectively. The leaf extracts, of H. perforatum, in particular, may be used as source of new potential botanical insecticides against R. dominica in stored grains.

Resistance levels of selected rice genotypes to Sitophilus oryzae L. and Rhyzopertha dominica F. infestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
S.K. Ajao ◽  
K.O. Popoola ◽  
S Mande ◽  
A Togola
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptibility Index ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The need to screen new rice genotypes for resistance to stored product insect pests is important to boost production and availability of rice for food security. Therefore, thirteen rice genotypes and varieties included ten interspecific rice genotypes from two crossed parents Oryza sativa (WAB 56-104) and Oryza barthii (IRGC 106107), the two parents and NERICA8 variety were collected from Africa Rice Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, to examine their resistance level to infestation by Sitophilus oryzae L. and Rhyzopertha dominica F. The resistance of the varieties were assessed by artificial infestation with 12 unsexed adults each in 10 g of the rice varieties in four replicates under laboratory conditions of 26 ± 2oC temperature and 75 ± 5% relative humidity in a completely randomized design. Number of adult insect emergent, per cent grain damage, percent weight loss of infested samples and index of susceptibility were determined. Correlation analysis between nutritional contents of the varieties and infestation variables were also obtained. Results indicate differential responses of the two insects on the rice genotypes/varieties. The O. barthii parent was resistant, while the O. sativa parent was moderately resistant using the susceptibility index. Of the ten rice genotypes, G4, G3, G1, G7, G2, G10 and G9 were resistant in descending order, while G5 and G6 were moderately resistant, whereas only G8 was susceptible. NERICA8 was also found to be susceptible to infestation. In addition, the resistant grains had lower ash content. Modification in genetic variations and nutritional contents of new rice varieties may be a critical factor in insect resistant genotype pro-grammes to reduce post-harvest losses incurred by farmers. Keywords: Rice resistant genotypes; Rhyzopertha dominica; Oryzae sativa; Oryzae barthii; Sitophilus oryzae; susceptibility index

Control of Main Stored-Grain Insects with New Formulations of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Diatomaceous Earth Dusts

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacoub Ahmad Batta
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Stored Grain Insects

The present research is aimed at a formulation of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bal.) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin, in two types of diatomaceous earth dusts, fossil shield and Silico-Sec, are then applied against the adults of three species of stored-grain insects: Sitophilus oryzae L., Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. and Tribolium castaneum Herbs. Effect of the treatment was assessed by comparing the mortality percentage of the adults of the three insect species exposed to the formulated fungi with that of the adults exposed to the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. Results obtained from these exposures have indicated that treatment of the adults with the formulated fungi resulted in a significantly higher mean mortality percentage compared to the treatment with the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. A synergistic interaction between the effect of fungal species and the diatomaceous earth dusts was shown. Viability of conidia of both fungal species in diatomaceous earth dusts was assessed by calculating the germination percentage of the conidia over time. Results indicated a small loss of mean germination percentage for formulated conidia of both fungal species versus a high loss of mean germination percentage for the unformulated conidia, thus the diatomaceous earth dusts used in the formulation of both fungi demonstrated a negligible effect on the viability of formulated conidia compared to the unformulated.

Population estimates of insect pests of stored products on farms on the Darling Downs, Queensland

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
The Mean

Three surveys were undertaken to obtain estimates of the numbers of insects in stored products on farms on the Darling Downs, Queensland. In one survey, 57 farms were sampled once during 1977-1 978. In another, samples were taken at four-weekly intervals from three farms throughout 1977 and in the third, 16 of the first 57 farms were revisited in 1979. Samples were taken from grain stored for farm use, or grain spills and residues. Live adult insects were removed by mechanical sieving, counted and identified. The mean amounts of grain per farm, estimated visually, were 950 kg of bulk and bagged stocks of feed and seed grain, 270 kg of grain spills, 65 kg in auger boots, 100 kg in trucks and in headers, and 75 kg in other residues. Modal amounts were less, being in the range of 0-100 kg per farm for bagged and bulk grain, and spills on earthen floors, and 0-50 kg for other residues. Sitophiius oryzae (L.) (the rice weevil), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (the lesser grain borer), the Cryptolestes spp, group (flat grain beetles), and Trifolium castaneum (Herbst.) (rust-red flour beetle) were the most common pests, being 46.5%, 20.9%, 10.8% and 7.3% of the 52 330 insects found in the first two surveys. These four pests were found on 89.3%, 87.5%, 62.5% and 91.1% of the 57 farms in the first survey. The mean farm populations of these four pests combined was estimated at 360 000 adults (with a modal population per farm in the range of 0-50 000) of which approximately 88% were in bulk and bagged stocks of grain. However, this mean was inflated by a small number of farms having very large populations. An estimated 54% of farms had less than 50 000 adult pests. The second survey showed that insect populations peaked in late autumn, and reached a minimum in early summer.

scholarly journals The influence of the type of storage on pest infestation of stored grain in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stejskal ◽  
J. Hubert ◽  
Z. Kučerová ◽  
Z. Munzbergová ◽  
J. Lukáš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Grain Stores ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Stored-product pests cause high economic losses by feeding on stored grain and endanger the public health by contamination of food by allergens. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore whether the risk of infestation of stored grain by pests is different in various types of storage premises. We compared the level of infestation and the pest species composition in the two main types of grain stores in Central Europethat includes horizontal flat-stores (HFS) and vertical silo-stores (elevators) (VSS). A&nbsp;total of 147 grain stores located in&nbsp; Bohemia, CzechRepublicwas inspected. We found that both types of stores were infested with arthropods of three main taxonomic groups: mites (25 species, 120 000 individuals), psocids (8 species, 5 600 individuals) and beetles (23 species, 4 500 individuals). We found that VSS and HFS differ in species composition of mites, psocids and beetles. However, the primary grain pests (i.e. Lepidoglyphus destructor, Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lachesilla pedicularia, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes ferrugineus) occurred in both types of stores. The only exception was higher frequency and abundance of two serious beetle-pests (Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus granarius) in HFS than in VSS. The total numbers of mite and beetle species infesting VSS and HFS was almost the same. There was higher psocid species diversity in VSS than in HFS. The difference between the total (i.e. level of pest infestation per kg of grain sample) numbers of mite and psocid individuals collected from VSS and HFS was not significant. However, the total numbers of beetle-pest individuals collected from HFS was twice the amount collected from VSS. We concluded that both types of stores are equally risky in terms of mite and psocid infestation. HFS is more risky for grain storage than VSS in terms of beetle infestations, although even the VSS structures cannot be in no way called pest-safe. The VSS and HFS microclimatic conditions (humidity, temperature) are discussed in relation to mite, psocid and beetle infestation.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and identification of three stored grain pests based on mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Abu Faiz Md Aslam ◽  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
Faria Farhana Rain ◽  
Sumita Rani Das ◽  
Ayesha Siddika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Stored Grain Pests

Stored grain pests are discovered in food as immature stages, which further complicates the identification process. A DNA barcode dataset of some important pests that can be used for easy and confirm identification in stages of life is constructed. COI genes of three stored grain insect pests i.e,, Sitophilus oryzae, Callosobruchus chinensis and Oryzaephilus surinamensis were sequenced. The sequenced genes were submitted to NCBI GenBank and obtained accession numbers MG967331.1, MG967332.1, MG967333.1 and MK041216.1. BLAST analysis showed 99 to 100% homology with existing GenBank sequences. The nucleotide composition analysis revealed that the value of A+T (64.8%) is greater than G+C (35.2%). Genetic distance among four sequences of three store pests were ranged from 0.00293-0.32807. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these three species are originated from different clades. Haplotype analysis of mitochondrial COI gene of the stored grain insect pests showed high genetic diversity among them. C. chinensis, O. surinamensis and S. oryzae were separated from their common ancestor by 80, 73 and 64 mutational steps. These information may be helpful for attempting any successful control measures against the pest species. In conclusion, present author established the first DNA barcode dataset of three store grain pests and confirmed its efficiency for identifying these pests. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 1-11, 2019

scholarly journals Detection of Phosphine Resistance in Field Populations of Four Key Stored-Grain Insect Pests in Pakistan

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Waqas Wakil ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Sehrish Gulzar ◽  
Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Maximum Resistance ◽  
Phosphine Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Populations

In Pakistan, the control of stored-product insect pests mainly relies on the use of phosphine gas along with other control tactics. The aim of this study was to determine the level of phosphine resistance among ten differently located populations of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Laboratory-susceptible populations of all insect species were also considered in the experiments. Concentration–response bioassays were conducted for each species. All of the tested populations (10 out of 10) of each species were found to be resistant to phosphine, but varied in their level of resistance. Probit analysis estimated LC50 at 2.85, 1.90, 2.54 and 2.01 ppm for laboratory-susceptible populations of R. dominica, S. granarius, T. castaneum and T. granarium, respectively. Against R. dominica, the highest and lowest resistance levels were observed in the Rahim Yar Khan (LC50 at 360.90 ppm) and Rawalpindi (LC50 at 210.98 ppm) populations, respectively. These resistant populations were 126.67- and 74.02-fold more resistant than the laboratory population. The Multan and Lahore populations of S. granarius exhibited the maximum (LC50 at 122.81 ppm) and minimum (LC50 at 45.96 ppm) resistance levels, respectively, i.e., they were 64.63- and 24.18-fold more resistant than the laboratory population. The Layyah population of T. castaneum showed the maximum resistance level (LC50 at 305.89 ppm) while the lowest was observed in the Lahore population (LC50 at 186.52 ppm), corresponding to 120.42- and 73.43-fold more resistant than the laboratory population, respectively. Regarding T. granarium, the Layyah population showed the maximum resistance level (LC50 at 169.99 ppm) while the Lahore population showed the minimum resistance (LC50 at 74.50 ppm), i.e., they were 84.57- and 37.06-fold more resistant than the laboratory population, respectively. Overall, R. dominica presented the highest resistance level, followed by T. castaneum, T. granarium and S. granarius. The current study suggests that the application of phosphine may not be an adequate control strategy for the management of the above tested insect pests in Pakistan.

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