scholarly journals Government information policy and the dynamics of federal funding for the dissemination of US research and development results

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Valerij N. Minat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Federal Funding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
Scientific And Technical Information

Introduction. The traditionally high level of government participation in scientific and technical, innovation and implementation and foreign trade activities of the United States presupposes the active nature of federal funding for activities and information policy instruments related to the dissemination of the results of American R&D both in the national economy and in the international market. The study of the dynamics and structure of the distribution of allocations for the dissemination of special scientific and technical information and documentation is an urgent socio-economic problem, reflecting the level of scientific and technological development of the United States and the innovative activity of advanced sectors of the national economy for a long period of time. The theoretical analysis was carried out in the context of organizational and administrative institutions of the federal government (specialized departments), endowed with financial powers, subordinate to the central body generating a unified US information policy strategy for the dissemination of R&D results. An empirical analysis based on US official statistics made it possible to assess the specifics of financing scientific and technical information in the field of R&D by types, categories and departments – domestically for 1965–2019, as well as to calculate changes in the balance of US foreign trade with scientific and technical information and documentation in 2001–2019. Results. The general resulting conclusion is that any innovative information on the results of R&D provides a certain monopoly for a certain period, which gives the industry that created and introduced it, the department and the country as a whole, a certain advantage in the export of a new product. Since the United States has the most powerful national financial and innovation system among all states, with a developed structure, it provides its economic residents and their counterparties with ample opportunities for conducting fundamental and applied research and development and, of course, has an advantage in the production of innovative products with high competitiveness both in the domestic and in the global market, subject to the classic price-quality ratio.

scholarly journals FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS AND INNOVATION IN THE UNITED STATES

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Minat ◽  
A. G. Chepik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Scientific And Technical Information ◽  
Positive Balance

A trend has been identified that reflects a close correlation between the main indicators of US foreign trade and innovation activities carried out in the modern American economy. The article shows the essence of the national innovation system established in the United States and its international significance in the implementation of foreign trade relations of the country in terms of the exchange of scientific and technical information and documentation, the sale of products with a high innovative component, determined by a comparative analysis of relevant indicators. Based on the results of the study noted the positive dynamics of the active foreign trade balance of the USA in the field of exchange of scientific and technical information and documentation, with a high positive balance, the conclusions about the qualitative dominance of the leading industries of the U.S. economy in terms of aggregate innovation and foreign trade activity in ten leading countries of the world.

Imperatives of the economic revival of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Nabi Ziyadullaev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
National Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nomic Policy ◽  
The Republic

The experience and main directions of transformation of the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan are considered. The characteristics of the country's interaction with Russia, China, the United States and other powers are shown. The priority tasks are substantiated contributing to the formation of a new eco-nomic policy to diversify the structure and geography of foreign trade, to im-prove the quality of economic growth, as well as to mitigate the consequences of the global coronavirus pandemic.

A History of Geothermal Energy Research and Development in the United States. Reservoir Engineering 1976-2006

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mack Kennedy ◽  
Karsten Pruess ◽  
Marcelo J. Lippmann ◽  
Ernest L. Majer ◽  
Peter E. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reservoir Engineering ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
History Of

A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Nix ◽  
David E. Nix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Accounting Rules

This study reviews the literature and the practice of accounting for research and development (R&D) costs from the first reference in 1917 to the current treatment. The conceptual treatment of R&D is compared to current financial accounting rules and explanation of the evolution of the current rules is presented. The economic and social consequences of the current rules which require R&D costs to be expressed are examined. The paper explores possible alternative treatment of R&D costs. As a contrast to U.S. practice, the accounting treatment of R&D costs in other countries is discussed. Given the findings of this paper, a strong case can be made for changing the way that R&D costs are accounted for in the United States.

The 1980s to the Present

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Organic Certification ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Mainstream Press

While a few positive stories on organic farming appeared in the 1970s most mainstream press coverage mocked or dismissed organic farmers and consumers. Nevertheless, the growing army of consumer shoppers at health food stores in the United States made the movement impossible to ignore. The Washington Post and other newspapers shifted from negative caricatures of organic farming to a supportive position, particularly after the USDA launched an organic certification scheme in the United States under the leadership of Robert Bergland. Certification schemes in Europe and other major markets followed, leading to initiatives by the United Nations for the harmonization of organic certification through multilateral agencies. As organic standards proliferated in the 1990s the United Nations stepped in to resolve the regulatory fragmentation creating a global market for organic goods.

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