scholarly journals Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Ahmed YUSUF ◽  
Hassan VATANDOOST ◽  
Mohammad Ali OSHAGHI ◽  
Ahmad Ali HANAFI-BOJD ◽  
Abdulsalam Yayo MANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Kisumu Strain ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
High Level ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Enzyme Ratio

Background: Malaria is a parasitic vector-borne disease endemic in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the current activities of the detoxification enzymes in resistant and susceptible Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Nigeria. Methods: Anopheles larvae were collected from northeast and northwestern Nigeria between Aug and Nov 2018. Biochemical analyses was carried out on the mosquitoes exposed to various insecticides (deltamethrin, DDT, bendiocarb, malathion) to measure and compare the enzymatic activities of the major detoxification enzymes (P450, GSTs, Esterase). Results: High levels of resistance was observed; DDT 37%-53% (95%, CI: 29-61), bendiocarb 44%-55% (CI: 39- 60) and deltamethrin 74%-82% (CI: 70-86). However, these mosquitoes were found to be susceptible to malathion 99%-100% (CI: 98-100). The P450 and GSTs enzymes were found to be elevated in the resistant mosquitoes exposed to deltamethrin (1.0240±0.1902); (1.3088±1.2478), DDT (1.7703±1.4528); (1.7462±0.9418) and bendiocarb (1.1814±0.0918); (1.4479±1.0083) compared to the Kisumu strain (0.764±0.4226); (0.6508±0.6542), (0.3875±0.3482); (0.4072±0.4916) and (0.6672±0.3949); (0.7126±0.7259) at P<0.05. Similarly, the resistant mosquitoes expressed increased activity to esterase (0.7606±1.1477), (0.3269±1.1957) and (2.8203±0.6488) compared to their susceptible counterpart (0.6841±0.7597), (0.7032±0.5380) and (0.6398±0.4159) at P<0.05. The enzyme ratio was found to be: P450 (1.341, 4.568 and 1.77); GSTs (2.011, 4.288 and 2.031); Esterases (1.111, 0.469 and 4.408). One way Anova and single sample t-test were also conducted to determine the effect of the enzymes on the resistant and susceptible strains. Conclusion: High level of insecticide resistance was observed with significant elevation of detoxification enzymes activities in the resistant mosquitoes.  

scholarly journals Susceptibility Status of Anopheles Gambiae S.I. to DDT and Permethrin in Lagos State, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
ET Idowu ◽  
IK Fagbohun ◽  
OS Agosu ◽  
TA Oyede ◽  
OA Otubanjo
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L ◽  
High Level ◽  
Susceptibility Status

Malaria is of public health importance in Nigeria and may retain its status, if new intervention methods are not introduced or the current ones monitored. This study was carried out in Alimosho, Kosofe, Ibeju-Lekki and Badagry Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Lagos State to assess the susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l., a dominant malaria vector in the localities to DDT 4% and Permethrin 0.75%. Anopheles larvae were collected from larva habitats in both LGAs, reared to adults and fed with 10% sucrose solution. Nonblood fed 2-5 days old female mosquitoes were exposed to discriminating doses of DDT and permethrin according to the standard WHO procedures. The knockdown effect was recorded at interval of 10 minutes and mortality scored 24hours after exposure. Species identification was done by morphological characteristics. Results from the study showed that Anopheles gambiae s.l. are resistant to DDT (4%) and permethrin (0.75%) with 24hr post exposure mortality ranging from 15.00-24.0% and 4.25-22.0% respectively. The Knockdown Time (KDT) ranged from 30.8-941.95minutes for DDT and 12.6-85.51minutes for permethrin. KDT95 50 ranges from 117.49-27524.22 minutes and 117.49-412.1 minutes for DDT and permethrin respectively. All the LGAs showed high level of resistance to DDT and permethrin. The high level of insecticide resistance recorded in this study could be detrimental to the elimination of malaria. Therefore, integrated vector management is needed to effectively carry out to manage the development of insecticide resistance.

scholarly journals Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Cameroon, Central Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Nwane ◽  
Josiane Etang ◽  
Mouhamadou Chouaїbou ◽  
Jean Claude Toto ◽  
Alphonsine Koffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L

scholarly journals High insecticide resistance intensity of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) and low efficacy of pyrethroid LLINs in Accra, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pwalia ◽  
Joannitta Joannides ◽  
Alidu Iddrisu ◽  
Charlotte Addae ◽  
Dominic Acquah-Baidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L

scholarly journals Multiple Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. Populations from Burkina Faso, West Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e48412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Namountougou ◽  
Frédéric Simard ◽  
Thierry Baldet ◽  
Abdoulaye Diabaté ◽  
Jean Bosco Ouédraogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L

The distribution of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Cameroon: an update

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1127-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamadou N.M. Ndjemaï ◽  
Salomon Patchoké ◽  
Jean Atangana ◽  
Josiane Etang ◽  
Fréderic Simard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L

scholarly journals Widespread Report of Multiple Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. Mos-quitoes in Eight Communities in Southern Gombe, North-Eastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedayo Olatunbosun-Oduola ◽  
Ezra Abba ◽  
Olukayode Adelaja ◽  
Adeolu Taiwo-Ande ◽  
Kennedy Poloma-Yoriyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L

Background: Timely entomological and insecticide resistance monitoring is a key to generating relevant data for vector management. We investigated the insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in eight rural farming communities in Southern Gombe, Nigeria. Methods: Overall, 3–5 days-old adult female Anopheles mosquitoes reared from field-collected immature stages between September and November, 2014 were exposed to the diagnostic doses of pyrethroids, organophosphate and carbamate insecticides using the Center for Disease Control Bottle bioassay. The observatory knockdown time from exposure to each insecticide was recorded up to two hours. The dead mosquitoes were then identified morphological­ly and by molecular assays. Results: Mortality results showed resistance in An. gambiae s.l. populations to bendiocarb (2.3–100%), deltamethrin (39–70%), pirimiphos-methyl (65–95%), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (0–38.1%), permethrin (0–46.3%) and lambda-cyhalothrin (42.5–86.4%). The few cases of full susceptibility were observed from lamdacyhalothrin exposed population of An. gambiae s.l. in Banbam and Pantami respectively. An. gambiae 177 (45%) was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than An. arabiensis 64 (16.3%), An. coluzzii 34 (8.7%) and An. gambiae/An. coluzzii hybrid 78 (19.8%). Conclusion: A strong evidence of widespread resistance in the major malaria vector species in Southern Gombe to all common classes of insecticides is a justification for the State Malaria Elimination Programme to consciously con­sider incorporating insecticide resistance management strategies into control programs in order to sustain the future of current control interventions

scholarly journals The relationship between insecticide resistance, mosquito age and malaria prevalence in Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Guinea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Collins ◽  
Natasha M. Vaselli ◽  
Moussa Sylla ◽  
Abdoul H. Beavogui ◽  
James Orsborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Mosquitoes cloak their legs to resist insecticides

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1907) ◽  
pp. 20191091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileia Balabanidou ◽  
Mary Kefi ◽  
Michalis Aivaliotis ◽  
Venetia Koidou ◽  
Juan R. Girotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Female Mosquito ◽  
Cuticular Proteins ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Major Malaria Vector

Malaria incidence has halved since the year 2000, with 80% of the reduction attributable to the use of insecticides. However, insecticide resistance is now widespread, is rapidly increasing in spectrum and intensity across Africa, and may be contributing to the increase of malaria incidence in 2018. The role of detoxification enzymes and target site mutations has been documented in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae ; however, the emergence of striking resistant phenotypes suggests the occurrence of additional mechanisms. By comparing legs, the most relevant insect tissue for insecticide uptake, we show that resistant mosquitoes largely remodel their leg cuticles via enhanced deposition of cuticular proteins and chitin, corroborating a leg-thickening phenotype. Moreover, we show that resistant female mosquitoes seal their leg cuticles with higher total and different relative amounts of cuticular hydrocarbons, compared with susceptible ones. The structural and functional alterations in Anopheles female mosquito legs are associated with a reduced uptake of insecticides, substantially contributing to the resistance phenotype.

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