scholarly journals Economic Value of Life in Iran: The Human Capital Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi BASAKHA ◽  
Neda SOLEIMANVANDIAZAR ◽  
Fateh TAVANGAR ◽  
Shabnam DANESHI
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Value Of Life ◽  
Human Capital Approach ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Economic Value Of Life

Background: The human life value is among the most important challenges of the health economic evaluation. This limitation has reduced the feasibility of applying the cost-benefit method in evaluations of health interventions and policies. Using the human capital approach and discounted value of future earnings, the present study calculated the human capital of different age groups. Methods: The required data were obtained using “income and expenditures of Iranian households” data in 2015 from the Statistical Center of Iran, which included the information on 19380 urban households. Results: According to the calculation of human capital, the maximum value of a statistical life year in the highincome group was related to the age group of 30-34 yr old (223,286 US$ equals to 9378 million Iranian Rials). The lowest value in all three groups of high, medium and low income is related to the age group of 85 and older. In addition, the economic value of statistical life year for men has been calculated as higher than that of women, however, in older age groups, the human capital of both genders have been converging. Conclusion: The economic value of life for young people aged between 20 to 30 yr was higher than other demographic groups. The findings of the research help to provide a more accurate base for the cost-benefit analysis of health and social policies. Considering the economic value of the statistical life for different age groups may change policy priorities in areas related to health and life of human beings.

Estimating the fiscal impact of three vaccination strategies in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Ruggeri ◽  
Eugenio Di Brino ◽  
Americo Cicchetti
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Fiscal Impact ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Impact

AbstractObjectivesWhen assessing the economic value of vaccines, decision makers should adopt a full societal perspective. One approach for estimation of the fiscal impact of a disease is to use the human capital method to determine productivity losses. The aim of this study was to test an analytical framework developed for the estimation of the fiscal impacts of vaccination programs for influenza (FLU), pneumococcus (PC), and herpes zoster (HZ), in Italy.MethodsWe tested the framework in a two-stage analysis. First, we estimated the fiscal impact of the disease, second we performed a cost–benefit analysis of the individual benefits of vaccination against the cost of the vaccine. To estimate the fiscal impact of the diseases, the human capital approach was used. Epidemiological data were extrapolated from the literature. A Monte Carlo simulation enabled exploration of the uncertainty in the model variables.ResultsFor FLU, assuming 2.1 million people infected, the total expected impact was EUR 999,371,520; the estimated fiscal impact was EUR 159,563,520. For PC, assuming 90,000 people infected, the total impact was EUR 148,055,040 and the estimated fiscal impact was EUR 23,639,040. For HZ, assuming 6,400 people infected, the total impact was EUR 4,777,200, with EUR 630,000 resulting from a decrease in fiscal taxation.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our work shows how traditional methods aimed at estimating the cost of illness from a social perspective can be improved by additionally considering the fiscal impact, which accounts for the decrease in fiscal revenues due to illness.

scholarly journals Population Structure and Life Table of Dog Conch (Strombus turturella) in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia [Struktur Populasi dan Tabel Hidup Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Indonesia]

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Okto Supratman ◽  
Tati Suryati Syamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Table ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Recruitment Time

AbstractDog Conch (Strombus turturella) has an essential economic value in Bangka Belitung Islands. Allegedly, the population of Dog Conch is decreasing due to overexploitation. The purpose of this study is to provide information related to the distribution of long frequency, growth pattern, age group, recruitment time estimation and life table of Dog Conch. This research took place on the coast of Tukak Village and Anak Air Island, Bangka Belitung Islands. Samples of Dog Conch were taken using 3x3 m2 square. The shell length of Dog Conch found ranged between 18.18 to 77.49 mm, consisting of three age groups. Asymptotic length value (L∞), growth coefficient (K) and theoretical age on zero-length (t0) were 83.94 mm, 0.79/year and -0.152 sequentially. In the first year, Dog Conch grows to 50.18 mm and slows down when it grows older until it is 13 years old. The proportion of high mortality rate was at 1 to 2 years old and 3 to 4 years old or in adult individuals, while the highest life expectancy rate was in the age group of 0-1-year old or young individuals. It indicated that the high mortality rate was in the group in which people use to consume or sell in the marketsAbstrakSiput gonggong (Strombus turturella) memiliki nilai ekonomis penting di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Diduga populasi siput gonggong semakin menurun akibat dari eksploitasi berlebihan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi terkait distribusi frekuensi panjang, pola pertumbuhan, kelompok umur, estimasi waktu rekruitmen dan tabel hidup siput gonggong. Lokasi penelitian berada di Pesisir Desa Tukak dan Pulau Anak Air, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.Pengambilan sampel siput gonggong dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuadrat 3x3 m2. Panjang cangkang siput gonggong yang ditemukan berkisar antara 18.18 s.d 77.49 mm yang terdiri atas 3 kelompok umur. Nilai panjang asymptotic (L∞), koefisien pertumbuhan (K) dan umur teoritis ketika panjang sama dengan nol (t0) adalah 83.94 mm, 0.79/tahun dan -0.152 secara berurutan. Pada tahun pertama siput gonggong mengalami pertumbuhan, mencapai 50.18 mm dan melambat ketika umur semakin tua hingga umur 13 tahun. Proporsi laju kematian tinggi terdapat pada umur 1 s.d 2 tahun dan 3 s.d 4 tahun atau pada individu dewasa, sedangkan nilai harapan hidup tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok umur 0-1 tahun atau individu muda. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kematian tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok umur yang telah diambil oleh masyarakat untuk dikonsumsi dan dijual ke pasaran.

scholarly journals The burden of the current curative expenditure of injury in Dalian, China-A study based on “System of Health Accounts 2011”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Sun ◽  
Liuna Yang ◽  
Xinzhu Hu ◽  
Yalan Zhu ◽  
Boxi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Curative Care ◽  
Health Accounts ◽  
System Of Health Accounts ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Injury is one of the major public health problems, which causes more than 5 million deaths in the world every year. Cases of specific types of injury put a tremendous threat to human health and also add a heavy medical burden on individuals and societies. This study was to calculate and analyze the current curative expenditure (CCE) of injury in Dalian and consequently to provide control strategies for decision-makers. Main text: A total of 565 medical institutions were selected with multistage stratified cluster random sampling, containing 4,375,351 valid samples. Subsequently, the distribution of injury CCE in different dimensions (including age and site of injury) was analyzed under the framework of System of Health Accounts 2011(SHA 2011) using the established database. There were increases from 32.36/100,000 in 2006 to 37.34/100,000 in 2017 and from 46.12/100,000 in 2006 to 54.48/100,000 in 2017 in urban and rural residents respectively. The study found that the CCE of injury in Dalian had reached 1572.73 million RMB, accounting for 7.45% of the total curative care expenditure. In the 15–25 age group, the cost of injury accounts for a larger proportion of CCE than other age groups. Among the injuries in different regions of the body, injuries to the spine, lower limb, head and foreign body entering cost the most. Conclusions Dalian has a relatively serious burden of injury costs. The essential and primary goal is to reduce the cost and increase the benefit of attending to patients with injuries. Specific control strategies should be tilted toward the age group 15–25. Injuries to the spine, lower limb, head and foreign body entering also should be priorities of interventions.

scholarly journals Optimal spatio-temporal design for water quality monitoring networks in maximizing economic value of information

2019 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 03004 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Destandau ◽  
Youssef Zaiter
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Value Of Information ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Cost

The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC draw attention to Water Quality Monitoring Networks (WQMN) that allows the acquisition of information regarding water streams. Information could be acquired by a spatial and/or temporal approach. However, there is a cost for monitoring water quality. Hence, to determine the spatio-temporal design of the network, the Economic Value of Information must be known to undertake a cost-benefit analysis. In this study, we show how the calculation of the EVOI can help the network manager to answer questions such as: is the cost of monitoring justified? How to allocate a budget between adding a monitoring station or increasing the frequency of measurement of existing stations?

The Economic Value of Life: A Comment

Economica ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 54 (215) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
M. W. Jones-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Of Life ◽  
Economic Value Of Life

VP95 The Monetary Value Of A Statistical Life Year: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
Michael Schlander ◽  
Oliver Schwarz ◽  
Ramon Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Widespread Agreement

INTRODUCTION:Among economists, there is widespread agreement that the monetary valuation of health gains should reflect the preferences of those who will be affected by resource allocation decisions. In the context of Health Technology Assessments (HTAs), this view implies a need for reliable empirical estimates of the value of statistical life year (VSLY), which should provide a useful point of reference for cost benefit analyses.METHODS:We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the economic value of a statistical life (VSL). We searched in the EconBiz and EconLit databases for studies, which reported VSL estimates based on original research and were published between 1995 and 2015. We classified studies by methodology, that is, revealed preference (RP) or stated preference (SP; that is, CV, contingent valuation, or DCE (discrete choice experiment) approach, and by regional origin of data. We transformed VSL estimates into VSLY expressed in year 2014 Euros, using life expectancy tables for the populations studied, a real discount rate of 3 percent, national Consumer Price Indices for inflating, and purchasing power parities for currency conversion. In addition, we calculated ratios of VSLY to gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.RESULTS:Our search yielded 120 studies appropriate for inclusion. From these, we extracted a total of 132 VSL estimates (RP, n = 60; SP, n = 72). The median VSLY was 6.4 times GDP/capita. Transformed into Euro (2014), the median VSLY was EUR165,000 (mean, EUR217,000). We found significant differences by regional source of data (North American, median EUR272,000; European, EUR158,000) and by method (RP, EUR241,000; SP: CV, EUR117,000; DCE, EUR187,000). VSLY estimates were sensitive to discount rate.CONCLUSIONS:Our data indicate that VSLY estimates based on empirical data exceed benchmarks commonly used in the context of HTAs. However, inter-study variability, methodological limitations, and normative considerations, all suggest to exercise caution before translating this observation into actual policy.

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