scholarly journals Efficacy of Extractions of Iranian Native Plants against Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi in Iran for Making Appropriate Formulation for Disease ControlBackground: Malaria is the main vector–borne disease worldwide. There are several reports of in

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
Fatemeh Nikpour ◽  
Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Mohammadd Reza Abai ◽  
Mahnaz Khanavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Background: Malaria is the main vector–borne disease worldwide. There are several reports of insecticide resistant in malaria vectors worldwide due to using different insecticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate different native plant extortions against main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi in Iran for choosing the appropriate plant for formula­tion and use for vector control. Methods: The larvae of An. stephensi were reared in insectary, extraction of plants were carried out at department of Pharmacology. The standard WHO method for biological tests was used for calculation of LC50 and LC90. Probit regra­tion lines were plotted for calculation of LC50 and LC90. Results: In this study several plants including: Mentha spicata, Cymbopogon olivieri, Azadirachta indica, Melia azeda­rach, Lagetes minuta, Calotropis procera, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Cupressus arizonica, Thymus vulgaris, Lawsonia inermis, Cedrus deodara, Cionura erecta, Bunium persicum, Carum carvi, Artemisia dracunculus, Rosmarinus offici­nalis were used. Results showed that Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, had the lowest and highest LC50 respectively. Conclusion: Results indicated that Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, had the lowest and highest LC50 re­spectively. Several other plant extract also showed significant mortality. The formulation of these plants should be pre­pared and evaluate at the field condition against malaria vectors.  

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and larvicidal activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis against malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedaghat Mohamad Medhi ◽  
SaneiAli Reza ◽  
Khnavi Mahnaz ◽  
Abai Mohammad Reza ◽  
Hadjiakhoondi Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of the Carboxypeptidase B1 of Anopheles stephensi and Its Evaluation as a Target for Transmission-Blocking Vaccines

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2206-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbasali Raz ◽  
Navid Dinparast Djadid ◽  
Sedigheh Zakeri
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transmission Blocking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transmission Blocking Vaccines

ABSTRACTMalaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world, and it has many economic and social impacts on populations, especially in poor countries. Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) are valuable tools for malaria eradication. A study onAnopheles gambiaerevealed that polyclonal antibodies to carboxypeptidase B1 ofA. gambiaecan block sexual parasite development in the mosquito midgut. Hence, it was introduced as a TBV target in regions whereA. gambiaeis the main malaria vector. However, in Iran and neighboring countries as far as China, the main malaria vector isAnopheles stephensi. Also, the genome of this organism has not been sequenced yet. Therefore, in this study, carboxypeptidase B1 ofA. stephensiwas characterized by genomic and proteomic approaches. Furthermore, its expression pattern after ingestion ofPlasmodium falciparumgametocytes and the effect of anti-CPBAs1 antibodies on sexual parasite development were evaluated. Our results revealed that thecpbAs1expression level was increased after ingestion of the mature gametocytes ofP. falciparumand that anti-CPBAs1 directed antibodies could significantly reduce the mosquito infection rate in the test group compared with the control group. Therefore, according to our findings and with respect to the high similarity of carboxypeptidase enzymes between the two main malaria vectors in Africa (A. gambiae) and Asia (A. stephensi) and the presence of other sympatric vectors, CPBAs1 could be introduced as a TBV candidate in regions whereA. stephensiis the main malaria vector, and this will broaden the scope for the potential wider application of CPBAs1 antigen homologs/orthologs.

scholarly journals The genome trilogy of Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector, reveals structure of a locus associated with adaptation to environmental heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Thakare ◽  
Chaitali Ghosh ◽  
Tejashwini Alalamath ◽  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Himani Narang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Exonic Snps ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Survival Of The Fittest

Background: Anopheles stephensi is the most menacing malaria vector to watch for in newly urbanizing parts of the world. The fitness is reported to be a direct consequence of the vector adapting to laying eggs in over-head water tanks with street-side water puddles polluted by oil and sewage. Large frequent inversions of malaria vectors are implicated in adaptation. Results: We report the assembly of a strain of An. stephensi of the type-form, collected from a construction site from Chennai (IndCh) in 2016. The genome completes the trilogy with respect to a 16 Mbp inversion (2Rb) in An. stephensi associated with adaptation to environmental heterogeneity. Comparative genome analysis revealed breakpoint structure and allowed extraction of 22,650 segregating SNPs for typing this inversion. Using whole genome sequencing of 82 individual mosquitoes, we conclude that one third of both wild and laboratory populations maintain heterozygous genotype of 2Rb. The large number of SNPs are tailored to assign inversion genotype directly from 1740 exonic SNPs 80% of which are expressed in various developmental stages. Conclusions: The genome trilogy approach accelerates study of fine structure and typing of important inversions in malaria vectors putting the genome resources for the much understudied An. stephensi, on par with the extensively studied malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. We argue that the IndCh genome is relevant for field translation work compared to those reported earlier by showing that individuals from diverse populations cluster with IndCh pointing to significant commerce between cities, perhaps, allowing for survival of the fittest strain.

Casual gaming as a means to raise awareness of vector-borne disease risks

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Francisco Yago Vincente ◽  
Brian Mullen ◽  
Thomas N. Mather ◽  
Jean-Yves Herve
Keyword(s):  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
Vector Borne

Medically Important Vector Borne Disease Control-Botanical Plant Extract Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Rakhshan .
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
High Level ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens which causes serious human diseases like Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever and Zika virus which constitute a major public health problem globally. Mosquito borne diseases cause high level of economic impact all over the world and result in millions of death every year. They infect around 700,000,000 people annually worldwide and 40,000,000 only in India. The continuous use of synthetic pesticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance, toxic effect on human health, environmental pollution and addition to these, its adverse effects can be observed on non-target organisms. Synthetic chemical pesticides have been proved to be effective, but overall in last 5 decades indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides against vector borne disease control have originated several ecological issues due to their residual accumulation and development of resistance in target vectors and their chronic effects.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever - the emerging vector-borne disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kostro ◽  
Dorota Luft-Deptuła ◽  
Zdzisław Gliński
Keyword(s):  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Vector Borne

Uso de infusiones de hierbas aromáticas para mejorar las características organolépticas en la carne de conejo

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cortéz Raymundo
Keyword(s):  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Mentha Spicata

La carne de conejo es rica en vitaminas, se puede integrar perfectamente a una dieta saludable, sin embargo el factor que influye en su consumo es su sabor y olor; muchas personas catalogan su aroma como fuerte, lo que resulta desagradable. Para mejorar sabor y apariencia de la carne de conejo, se trabajó con un grupo de 25 conejos de las razas Holandés y Californiano de aproximadamente 3 meses de edad y un peso de 2 kg, el agua de bebida fue a base de una infusión utilizando 10 g/2 l de agua hirviendo, siendo estas plantas aromáticas Cilantro (Coriandrumsativum), Hierbabuena (Mentha spicata linnaeus), Orégano (Origanum vulgare) y Tomillo (Thymus vulgaris); como alimentación base a todos los animales se les administro alimento balanceado comercial para conejos. Se utilizaron grupos de 5 conejos por cada una de las plantas mencionadas y un grupo testigo. Se les realizo un examen clínico al finalizar el experimento la cual no presentaron signos de enfermedad. Al termino de cuarenta días finalizado el experimentos e obtuvieron los resultados: tratamiento del cilantro con un peso de 13.60 kg, orégano 11.83 kg; hierba buena 11.40 kg, tomillo 10 kg y el tratamiento testigo 10 kg. Se sacrificaron los conejos, se coció la carne únicamente “al vapor” (165oC), en un tiempo de 50 minutos. Para comprobar si el experimento funciono se invitaron a diez catadores para que calificaran directamente si la carne tenía algún sabor especifico. Los datos que se obtuvieron en el panel de catadores se analizaron estadísticamente por medio de bloques al azar con el programa de Infostat. Obteniendo resultado con diferencia no significativa, (p≤0.05). Con las medias de cada tratamiento se aplicó la prueba de Tukey donde se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: según la variable de la presentación, olor, sabor y textura la más aceptable por el panel de catadores fue el tratamiento evaluado con la hierba aromática del Tomillo. La conclusión fue que los conejos que fueron tratados con tomillo se tornaron de color blanco que es el normal a un color grisáceo, estando suave y de buena consistencia; siendo la más preferida. El cilantro no cambio su coloración ni la consistencia de la carne pero si el sabor, en cuanto a la carne tratado con orégano y hierbabuena, el cambio se observó en la terneza,se dio cambio de color amarillento pero más dura que la normal con sabor y olor agradable.

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