New Approach on Organizing the Monitoring of Macrophytobenthos in the Russian Arctic

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v5i1.6033 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sergey Malavenda ◽

Svetlana Malavenda

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Sampling Station ◽

Russian Arctic ◽

New Approach ◽

Regulatory Documents ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

Special Software ◽

Minimum Number

The minimum number of samples was estimated based on the studies of the distribution of macrophytobenthos. The existing norms of three replicates per sampling station do not always allow to obtain reliable average values. The collection of a large number of samples, especially seasonally, will lead to significant changes in the studied community. It is recommended to put into practice the use of the method of photographing the areas of particular size along transects for further analysis using special software. It is proposed also to amend the existing regulatory documents on sampling of macrophytobenthos in the Barents Sea and other seas of the Russian Arctic. In particular, it is worth making the most of landscape surveys and mapping. The development of a monitoring system for species diversity and macrophytobenthos distribution in the seas of the Russian Arctic is justified in regard to the monitoring of the community state, including that considering the climate change.

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Climate change impacts on sea–air fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub> in three Arctic seas: a sensitivity study using Earth observation

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-10-8109-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 8109-8128 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

P. E. Land ◽

J. D. Shutler ◽

R. D. Cowling ◽

D. K. Woolf ◽

P. Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sea Ice ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Earth Observation ◽

Kara Sea ◽

Sink Strength ◽

Arctic Seas ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

Co2 Sink ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract. We applied coincident Earth observation data collected during 2008 and 2009 from multiple sensors (RA2, AATSR and MERIS, mounted on the European Space Agency satellite Envisat) to characterise environmental conditions and integrated sea–air fluxes of CO2 in three Arctic seas (Greenland, Barents, Kara). We assessed net CO2 sink sensitivity due to changes in temperature, salinity and sea ice duration arising from future climate scenarios. During the study period the Greenland and Barents seas were net sinks for atmospheric CO2, with integrated sea–air fluxes of −36 ± 14 and −11 ± 5 Tg C yr−1, respectively, and the Kara Sea was a weak net CO2 source with an integrated sea–air flux of +2.2 ± 1.4 Tg C yr−1. The combined integrated CO2 sea–air flux from all three was −45 ± 18 Tg C yr−1. In a sensitivity analysis we varied temperature, salinity and sea ice duration. Variations in temperature and salinity led to modification of the transfer velocity, solubility and partial pressure of CO2 taking into account the resultant variations in alkalinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Our results showed that warming had a strong positive effect on the annual integrated sea–air flux of CO2 (i.e. reducing the sink), freshening had a strong negative effect and reduced sea ice duration had a small but measurable positive effect. In the climate change scenario examined, the effects of warming in just over a decade of climate change up to 2020 outweighed the combined effects of freshening and reduced sea ice duration. Collectively these effects gave an integrated sea–air flux change of +4.0 Tg C in the Greenland Sea, +6.0 Tg C in the Barents Sea and +1.7 Tg C in the Kara Sea, reducing the Greenland and Barents sinks by 11% and 53%, respectively, and increasing the weak Kara Sea source by 81%. Overall, the regional integrated flux changed by +11.7 Tg C, which is a 26% reduction in the regional sink. In terms of CO2 sink strength, we conclude that the Barents Sea is the most susceptible of the three regions to the climate changes examined. Our results imply that the region will cease to be a net CO2 sink in the 2050s.

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Climate change impacts on sea-air fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub> in three Arctic seas: a sensitivity study using earth observation

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-9-12377-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 12377-12432 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. E. Land ◽

J. D. Shutler ◽

R. D. Cowling ◽

D. K. Woolf ◽

P. Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sea Ice ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Earth Observation ◽

Kara Sea ◽

Sink Strength ◽

Arctic Seas ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

Co2 Sink ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract. During 2008 and 2009 we applied coincident Earth observation data collected from multiple sensors (RA2, AATSR and MERIS, mounted on the European Space Agency satellite Envisat) to characterise environmental conditions and net sea-air fluxes of CO2 in three Arctic seas (Greenland, Barents, Kara) to assess net CO2 sink sensitivity due to changes in temperature, salinity and sea ice duration arising from future climate scenarios. During the study period the Greenland and Barents Seas were net sinks for atmospheric CO2, with sea-air fluxes of −34±13 and −13±6 Tg C yr−1, respectively and the Kara Sea was a weak net CO2 source with a sea-air flux of +1.5±1.1 Tg C yr−1. The combined net CO2 sea-air flux from all three was −45±18 Tg C yr−1. In a sensitivity analysis we varied temperature, salinity and sea ice duration. Variations in temperature and salinity led to modification of the transfer velocity, solubility and partial pressure of CO2 taking into account the resultant variations in alkalinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Our results showed that warming had a strong positive effect on the annual net sea-air flux of CO2 (i.e. reducing the sink), freshening had a strong negative effect and reduced sea ice duration had a small but measurable positive effect. In the climate change scenario examined, the effects of warming in just over a decade of climate change up to 2020 outweighed the combined effects of freshening and reduced sea ice duration. Collectively these effects gave a net sea-air flux change of +3.5 Tg C in the Greenland Sea, +5.5 Tg C in the Barents Sea and +1.4 Tg C in the Kara Sea, reducing the Greenland and Barents sinks by 10% and 50% respectively, and increasing the weak Kara Sea source by 64%. Overall, the regional flux changed by +10.4 Tg C, reducing the regional sink by 23%. In terms of CO2 sink strength we conclude that the Barents Sea is the most susceptible of the three regions to the climate changes examined. Our results imply that the region will cease to be a net CO2 sink by 2060.

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Assessment of initial seismic impacts on the northern part of the Barents Sea shelf (Novaya Zemlya region) for the purpose of seismic microzoning in the areas of prospective hydrocarbon mining

Геоэкология Инженерная геология Гидрогеология Геокриология ◽

10.31857/s0869-78092019238-47 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 38-47

Author(s):

I. G. Mindel ◽

B. A. Trifonov ◽

M. D. Kaurkin ◽

V. V. Nesynov

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Arctic Shelf ◽

The Arctic ◽

Russian Arctic ◽

Seismic Microzoning ◽

Novaya Zemlya ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

National Task ◽

Seismic Impacts

In recent years, in connection with the national task of developing the Arctic territories of Russia and the perspective increase in the hydrocarbon mining on the Arctic shelf, more attention is being paid to the study of seismicity in the Barents Sea shelf. The development of the Russian Arctic shelf with the prospect of increasing hydrocarbon mining is a strategically important issue. Research by B.A. Assinovskaya (1990, 1994) and Ya.V. Konechnaya (2015) allowed the authors to estimate the seismic effects for the northern part of the Barents Sea shelf (Novaya Zemlya region). The paper presents the assessment results of the initial seismic impacts that can be used to solve seismic microzoning problems in the areas of oil and gas infrastructure during the economic development of the Arctic territory.

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