Modern approaches to the determination of etiological forms of congenital hypothyroidism in children

Pharmateca ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12_2021 ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
M.A. Slovak Slovak ◽  
A.V. Kiyaev Kiyaev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism

Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of thyrotropin and thyroxine in human serum.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1644-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Bluett ◽  
E O Reiter ◽  
G E Duckett ◽  
A W Root
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Analytical Recovery

Abstract The importance of early diagnois and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism has been well established, and several screening programs have been undertaken to detect neonates with this disorder by measurement of concentrations of thyrotropin or thyroxine in the serum. However, measurement of either hormone alone may fail to identify all affected patients. Accordingly, we have established a simultaneous double-antibody, dual-isotope radioimmunoassay for both. Sensitivity, slope, analytical recovery, and precision characteristics of the simultaneous assay do not differ from those of each assay performed separately. Values for the two analyses in the single and simultaneous assays correlate well (r = 0.951 for thyroxine, 0.983 for thyrotropin). This assay system permits determination of both hormones within 72 h after specimen collection and thus should allow more rapid evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of infants with congenital hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Value of the Determination of ‘true’ Free Thyroxine in Screening the Newborn with Possible Congenital TBG-Deficiency for Congenital Hypothyroidism

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Looyé ◽  
M J E Van Der Vis-Melsen ◽  
C H Schreuder
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Newborn Child

The results of investigations on a family after a screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism are presented. The newborn child and her father appeared to have a congenital thyroxine binding globulin deficiency. Problems regarding standard thyroid hormone tests are discussed. It was observed that the free T4 index as well as a commercial free T4 determination introduced earlier can give misleading results. The first experience with another more promising free T4 determination is also presented.

Thyroid screening of neonates without use of radioactivity: evaluation of time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay of thyrotropin.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
T E Torresani ◽  
R Scherz
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Thyroid Screening ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract We evaluated the usefulness, in routine newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism, of a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay kit (DELFIA Neonatal TSH) for the determination of thyrotropin (TSH) in dried blood spots. A total of 11 531 dried blood samples from newborns were tested in parallel in each of two Swiss screening laboratories, by RIA and DELFIA. Six cases of confirmed congenital hypothyroidism were detected during the study period. The rate of false-positive results, after single TSH determination in the DELFIA assay, was 0.16%. Correlation of RIA and DELFIA results for TSH was very good in both laboratories (0.959 and 0.97, respectively). The new method fulfills the criteria for precision and sensitivity of a screening assay. Screening results are usually available the day after the sample arrives in the laboratory, thus favoring early diagnosis and allowing treatment to begin by the seventh or eighth postnatal day.

scholarly journals Determination of thyroid volume in infants with suspected congenital hypothyroidism—the limitations of both subjective and objective evaluation

BJR|Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20200001
Author(s):  
Chourouk Mansour ◽  
Yasmine Ouarezki ◽  
Jeremy Huw Jones ◽  
Morag Green ◽  
Emily Jane Stenhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Gland Size ◽  
Prolate Ellipsoid

Objective: To compare two methods of assessing gland size on thyroid ultrasound in newborn infants with suspected congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Methods: Images from infants with eutopic glands referred between 2007 and 2013 were evaluated blind by two sets of observers. Subjective gland size was categorised as small, borderline-small, normal, borderline-large and large. Objective gland volume, calculated as the sum of each lobe using the prolate ellipsoid formula (length x width x depth x π/6), was put into corresponding categories: <0.8, 0.81–1.0, 1.1– <2.2, 2.2–2.4 and >2.4 ml, derived from normative Scottish data. Results: Of 36 infants, permanent CH was present in 17, transient CH in 17, status uncertain in 2. Mean (SD) intraobserver error for thyroid volume measurement was 0.11 (0.23) ml [8.3%]. Subjective assessment by two observers was discordant in only four (10.8%) infants. However, subjective vs objective evaluation was discordant in 14 (39%). Eight (three permanent, five transient CH) had large glands subjectively but normal glands objectively; and six (four transient CH) had normal glands subjectively but small glands objectively. The former infants all showed a single flattened curve to the anterior thyroid margin, giving an impression of bulkiness. Gland shape was normal in the latter infants. Conclusion: Neither subjective nor objective evaluation predicts permanent vs transient CH. Altered gland shape may confound both methods, and undermine use of the conventional formula for measuring lobe volume. Advances in knowledge: Until more refined methods are available for assessing thyroid size, both subjective and objective evaluation are recommended in CH.

scholarly journals Newborn Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism-Clinical Evaluation and Comparison of Two Different Test Kits for the Determination of TSH in Dried Blood Samples on Two Different Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ralph Fingerhut
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Newborn screening (NBS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) started in the 1970s, with the introduction of radioimmuno assays (RIA) for the measurement of thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). With the development of sensitive enzyme immune assays (EIA, FIA, FEIA), RIAs were replaced in the newborn screening laboratories. With the increasing number of analytes and centralization of NBS, there is a growing demand of total automation. In the course of method validation, two fully automated platforms for the determination of TSH in dried blood samples (DBS) were compared. The GSP from PerkinElmer (PE), and the NS2400 from Labsystems (LDx), together with the recommended test kits from both manufacturers. Both systems showed good performance, with recoveries, of 103.0% (LDx) and 98.5% (PE), and CVs for intra and interassay variations at various concentrations, between 4.3 and 15.7. Both assays had a good correlation (r2 = 0.8814). With LDx/NS2400 platform, TSH values were in the mean 2.09 mU/L higher; however, the difference of both results from the mean was within ±2 SD, up to 30 mU/L, and only for values above 50 mU/L did the difference become bigger. However, this has no influence on the clinical interpretation. No false negative results were observed with either of the two platforms. TSH results obtained with the LDx/NS2400 were slightly higher than those obtained with the PE/GSP; however, the recall rate was lower: 0.059% compared to 0.063%. This can be explained by the much narrower distribution of TSH values. In conclusion, both platforms are equally suitable for medium and large NBS laboratories. However, due to the more open structure the LDx/NS2400 platform has a lot of advantages compared to the totally closed PE/GSP platform.

Galactic orbits of stars

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Richard Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
The Galaxy

It is now possible to determine proper motions of high-velocity objects in such a way as to obtain with some accuracy the velocity vector relevant to the Sun. If a potential field of the Galaxy is assumed, one can compute an actual orbit. A determination of the velocity of the globular clusterωCentauri has recently been completed at Greenwich, and it is found that the orbit is strongly retrograde in the Galaxy. Similar calculations may be made, though with less certainty, in the case of RR Lyrae variable stars.

Distance to SN 1987A and the LMC

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Nino Panagia
Keyword(s):  
Angular Size ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Distance Modulus ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Sn 1987A

Using the new reductions of the IUE light curves by Sonneborn et al. (1997) and an extensive set of HST images of SN 1987A we have repeated and improved Panagia et al. (1991) analysis to obtain a better determination of the distance to the supernova. In this way we have derived an absolute size of the ringRabs= (6.23 ± 0.08) x 1017cm and an angular sizeR″ = 808 ± 17 mas, which give a distance to the supernovad(SN1987A) = 51.4 ± 1.2 kpc and a distance modulusm–M(SN1987A) = 18.55 ± 0.05. Allowing for a displacement of SN 1987A position relative to the LMC center, the distance to the barycenter of the Large Magellanic Cloud is also estimated to bed(LMC) = 52.0±1.3 kpc, which corresponds to a distance modulus ofm–M(LMC) = 18.58±0.05.

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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