Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of thyrotropin and thyroxine in human serum.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1644-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Bluett ◽  
E O Reiter ◽  
G E Duckett ◽  
A W Root
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Analytical Recovery

Abstract The importance of early diagnois and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism has been well established, and several screening programs have been undertaken to detect neonates with this disorder by measurement of concentrations of thyrotropin or thyroxine in the serum. However, measurement of either hormone alone may fail to identify all affected patients. Accordingly, we have established a simultaneous double-antibody, dual-isotope radioimmunoassay for both. Sensitivity, slope, analytical recovery, and precision characteristics of the simultaneous assay do not differ from those of each assay performed separately. Values for the two analyses in the single and simultaneous assays correlate well (r = 0.951 for thyroxine, 0.983 for thyrotropin). This assay system permits determination of both hormones within 72 h after specimen collection and thus should allow more rapid evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of infants with congenital hypothyroidism.

Direct 125I-radioligand assays for serum progesterone compared with assays involving extraction of serum.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Ratcliffe ◽  
J E Corrie ◽  
A H Dalziel ◽  
J S Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Conventional Methods

Abstract We compared two direct radioimmunoassays for progesterone in 50 microL of unextracted serum or plasma with assays involving extraction of serum. The direct assays include the use of either danazol at pH 7.4 or 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid at pH 4.0 to displace progesterone from serum binding-proteins. Progesterone is then assayed by using an antiserum to a progesterone 11 alpha hemisuccinyl conjugate and the radioligand 125I-labeled progesterone 11 alpha-glucuronyl tyramine, with separation by double-antibody techniques. Direct assays with either displacing agent gave good analytical recovery of progesterone added to human serum, and progesterone values for patients' specimens correlated well (r greater than 0.96) with results of assays involving extraction of serum. Precision was similar with each displacing agent over the working range 2.5-100 nmol/L and superior to that of extraction assays. We conclude that these direct assays of progesterone are analytically valid and more robust, precise, and technically convenient than many conventional methods involving extraction of serum.

Evaluation of four assay methods for determination of tobramycin in human serum.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Acton ◽  
O M Van Duyn ◽  
L V Allen ◽  
D J Flournoy
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Assay Methods

Abstract Four assay procedures for tobramycin in serum--enzyme immunoassay (I), substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay (II), radioimmunoassay (III), and bioassay (IV)--were compared and evaluated by replicate and analytical recovery studies. I and II were about 50% more precise than III and IV. II was substantially more nearly accurate than the other methods and also gave the best reproducibility (correlation coefficient 0.992 between-day). The least expensive method was IV. Ease of handling favored I and II. Overall, we find II to be the most acceptable procedure for use in the clinical laboratory.

scholarly journals Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Hypothyroidism

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 2959-2967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. LaFranchi
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Diagnostic Studies

Abstract Congenital hypothyroidism, occurring in 1:3000 newborns, is one of the most common preventable causes of mental retardation. Neurodevelopmental outcome is inversely related to the age of diagnosis and treatment. Infants detected through newborn screening programs and started on l-T4 in the first few weeks of life have a normal or near-normal neurodevelopmental outcome. The recommended starting dose of l-T4 (10–15 μg/kg · d) is higher on a weight basis than the dose for children and adults. Tailoring the starting l-T4 dose to the severity of the hypothyroidism will normalize serum T4 and TSH as rapidly as possible. It is important to obtain confirmatory serum thyroid function tests before treatment is started. Further diagnostic studies, such as radionuclide uptake and scan and ultrasonography, may be performed to determine the underlying cause of hypothyroidism. Because results from these tests generally do not alter the initial treatment decision, however, these diagnostic studies are rarely indicated. The developing brain has a critical dependence on thyroid hormone for the first 2–3 yr of life; thus, monitoring occurs at more frequent intervals than in older children and adults. Serum free T4 and TSH should be checked at intervals frequent enough to ensure timely adjustment of l-T4 dosing and to keep serum free T4 and TSH levels in target ranges. Given the success of early detection and treatment of neonates with congenital hypothyroidism, a public health mandate should be to develop similar programs for the 75% of babies worldwide who are born in areas without newborn screening programs.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Missed Cases of Phenylketonuria and Congenital Hypothyroidism

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-558
Author(s):  
Candy Holtzman ◽  
William E. Slazyk ◽  
José F. Cordero ◽  
W. Harry Hannon
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
True Number ◽  
Laboratory Procedures

We conducted a structured telephone survey of state public health laboratory directors of neonatal screening programs to determine the extent of the problem of missed cases of phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism. A total of 76 missed cases were reported—43 PKU and 33 congenital hypothyroidism. We looked at the following characteristics of the missed cases: the stage at which the miss occurred, which included specimen collection, laboratory procedures, or follow-up; the size of the program; the type of screening program; the age of the infant at the time of screening; and any legal action that resulted from the miss. The 76 missed cases probably represent an underascertainment of the true number, yet we believe that our data provide an overview of some of the problems associated with mass neonatal screening. There was one missed case of PKU for every 70 cases detected, and one missed case of congenital hypothyroidism for every 120 cases detected; in other words, two congenital hypothyroidism cases were missed for every 1 million infants screened. Regarding the stage of screening in which the miss occurred, 14% occurred during specimen collection, 45% during the laboratory procedures stage, 16% during follow-up, 11% were the result of biologic variation, and in 14% the stage could not be identified. We conclude that neonatal screening programs have been highly successful but that there may be additional safeguards to be developed, tested, and implemented when practical.

Determination of beta-carotene and its cis isomers in serum

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1986-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
W G Rushin ◽  
G L Catignani ◽  
S J Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Cis Isomer

Abstract All-trans-beta-carotene was resolved from its cis isomers in human serum by reversed-phase "high-performance" liquid chromatography. Absorption spectra of the cis peak suggested that 13-cis-beta-carotene was the predominant cis isomer. Analyses and recovery studies of fresh and stored sera eliminated the possibility that isomerization had occurred in samples during handling or storage. The average analytical recovery was 101.9% for standards of the all-trans-, 9-cis-, and 13-cis-beta-carotene compounds in pooled serum samples. We also demonstrated that cis isomers had not formed after the blood was drawn and that cis isomers of beta-carotene are present at significant concentrations in the human circulation.

Evaluation of Three Commercially Available C-Peptide Kits

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJM Van Rijn ◽  
JBL Hoekstra ◽  
JHH Thijssen
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Human Proinsulin ◽  
Analytical Recovery

Three commercially available methods for the determination of C-peptide in human serum were evaluated. All kits were found to be acceptable with respect to precision and analytical recovery, while differences were observed with respect to sensitivity and cross-reactivity to human proinsulin. Furthermore an intermethod comparison was performed. It is pointed out that, before C-peptide determination on serum from insulin-treated diabetic subjects, a PEG precipitation, to remove antibody-bound proinsulin, should be done.

Detection of IL-8 in human serum using surface-enhanced Raman scattering coupled with highly-branched gold nanoparticles and gold nanocages

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1733-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-yu Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Zheng Gong ◽  
Pei-rong Sun ◽  
Tong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Gold Nanocages

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based on the double antibody sandwich format was used for the determination of IL-8.

Determination of thyroxine-binding globulin in human serum by single radial immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1694-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Kågedal ◽  
M Källberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radial Immunodiffusion ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Acylating Agent ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Monospecific Antiserum

Abstract Two immunochemical methods for determination of thyroxine-binding globulin in human serum were developed, in which the purified globulin and monospecific antiserum to it are used. One method, based on radial immunodiffusion, has good precision and values for analytical recovery. Reference values obtained for men were 9.8-17.8 mg/liter and for women 11.3-20.5 mg/liter. The sex-related difference was significant. The other method is based on radioimmunoassay, with use of an iodinated acylating agent for the labeling of thyroxine-binding globulin. The relative merits of the two methods are discussed.

Determination of theophylline in serum with the Seralyzer Aris reagent strip test evaluated.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lindberg ◽  
K Ivaska ◽  
K Irjala ◽  
T Vanto
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Assay Precision ◽  
Strip Test

Abstract We evaluated a new Seralyzer Aris reagent strip test (Ames Div., Miles Labs.) for the determination of theophylline in human serum. The method is based on the monoclonal enzyme immunoassay with dry reagent chemistry. The analysis is rapid and simple to perform: results are available only 5-10 min after receipt of the sample. Intra-assay precision (CV) was 2.2-3.3% (n = 15) for theophylline concentrations of 5-25 mg/L; interassay CV was 5.9% (n = 19) at 15 mg/L. The results (y) agreed well with those by liquid chromatography (x): r = 0.949 (p less than 0.001), and y = 0.967x + 0.214. We conclude the method is useful for rapid evaluation of theophylline concentrations in asthmatic patients.

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