scholarly journals State of the art of the Latin American HIV/Aids epidemic after 30 years theonset

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Mónica Alonso ◽  
Yaiza Rivero Montesdeoca
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Incarcerated Men ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Hiv Aids

The authors make a careful review of available information on the HIV/aids epidemics in Latin America. 4 ey start from the characteristics of the epidemic in the región, which is restricted to certain groups of population, and they describe the situation among those groups, some of them de' ned by their behavior (MSM,IDU, commercial sex workers), or special situations (incarcerated men, migrants), reaching a more open population (women, youth). Descriptions are illustrated with results of seroprevalence studies. Also they report the decline in the condom use prevalence among CSW as they become older, but these prevalences are higher than the obtained among men who have comercial sex with other men (less than 50% have safe sex).

scholarly journals Analysis of HIV Transmission of Commercial Sex Wokers and Their Clients with Condom Use Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 05003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutimin ◽  
Siti Khabibah ◽  
Dita Anies Munawwaroh ◽  
R. Heri Soelistyo U
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Global Stability ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Endemic Equilibrium ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

A model of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among sex workers and their clients is discussed to study the effects of condom use in the prevention of HIV transmission. The model is addressed to determine the existence of equilibrium states, and then analyze the global stability of disease free and endemic equilibrium states. The global stability of equilibria depends on the vales of the basic reproduction ratio derived from the next generation matrix of the model. The endemic equilibrium state is globally stable when the ratio exceeds unity. The simulation results are presented to discuss the effect of condom use treatment in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS among sex workers and their clients. The results show that the effectiveness level in using condoms in sexual intercourse corresponds to the decreasing level of the spread of HIV/AIDS. We use Maple and Matlab software to simulate the impact of condom use.

Stigma, Discrimination, and Ostracization: HIV/AIDS Infection in Nigeria

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesola O. Oyelese
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

The AIDS epidemic continues and HIV-infected persons continue to suffer stigmatization and discrimination in Nigeria. The results of an open-ended questionnaire administered non-randomly in Ile-Ife and Ilesa in the late 1990s confirm this. Six questions on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were asked; 83 (36.4%) males and 145 (63.6%) females aged between 11 and 60 years responded. The respondents included 101 students, 49 civil servants, 39 artisans and traders. Others included 29 health professionals (doctors and nurses, etc.), 8 teachers, and 2 commercial sex workers. The median of negative responses (rejection) is 42.2%. It is concluded that there still exists a significant but suppressed or subtle stigmatization and discrimination against HIV-infected people, a major constraint in the management and control of HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Systemically important financial institutions in Latin America - a Primer

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-429
Author(s):  
JACOB KLEINOW ◽  
MARIO GARCIA MOLINA ◽  
ANDREAS HORSCH
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Systemic Risks ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

ABSTRACT Financial institutions show a characteristic risk exposure and vulnerability, making them prone to instability. Financial systems in Latin America, however, were left largely unscathed by the global financial crisis starting in 2008. This state-of-the-art survey provides an in-depth analysis on the identification and regulation of systemically important financial institutions (SIFIs). While Latin America benefits from its rich historical experience in managing systemic risks, we find the problem of SIFIs to be still underestimated. However, there are first efforts to cope with SIFIs in science and particularly Latin American supervisors and regulators are starting to take the threat posed by SIFIs seriously.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Latin America and Caribbean Region

AIDS ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. S1-S2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schwartländer ◽  
Roel Coutinho ◽  
Luiz Loures
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
Hiv Aids

“HIV Is Our Friend”

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Lakkimsetti
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Sexually Marginalized ◽  
Hiv Aids

This chapter provides an overview of HIV/AIDS policies as well as how sexually marginalized groups are drawn into biopower programs as “high-risk” groups. In 1983, when HIV/AIDS was first detected among sex workers in India, the state’s initial response was to blame the sex workers themselves as well as to forcefully test them and confine them in prison. However, it proved impossible to incarcerate every sex worker and to stop the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Instead, I argue, ultimately a consensus formed that supported giving marginalized groups a leadership role in tackling the epidemic. Drawing on ethnographic observations and the HIV/AIDS policy of the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), this chapter also highlights how these biopower projects deepened the involvement of high-risk groups as they moved from simple prevention to behavioral change. Ultimately, communities became extensions of biopower projects as they implemented these programs at the day-to-day level.

scholarly journals Latin American Thyroid Society recommendations for the management of thyroid nodules

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1167-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalinda Camargo ◽  
Sandro Corigliano ◽  
Celso Friguglietti ◽  
Alicia Gauna ◽  
Rubén Harach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Group Meeting ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Latin American Countries

Several guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and cancer have recently been published. However, recommended practices are not always appropriate to different settings or countries. The aim of this consensus was to develop Clinical Guidelines for evaluation and management of patients with thyroid nodules applicable to Latin American countries. The panel was composed by 13 members of the Latin American Thyroid Society involved with research and management of thyroid nodules and cancer from different medical centers in Latin America. The consensus was produced based on the expert opinion of the panel with use of principles of evidence-based medicine. Following a group meeting, a first draft based on the expert opinion of the panel was elaborated and later circulated among panel members for further revision. After revision, this document was submitted to all LATS members for commentaries and considerations and finally revised and refined by the authors. The final recommendations represent state of the art on management of thyroid nodules applied to all Latin American countries.

Sexual Laborers and Entrepreneurial Women: Articulating Collective Identity in India’s HIV/AIDS Response

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowri Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
Symbolic Processes ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractThis article uses ethnographic and interview methods to compare two groups of sex workers in Bangalore, both of which formed during the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In this context, donor priorities fundamentally shaped the landscape for sex worker organizations, but the two groups formed very different collective identities. I argue that the content of collective identity is not predetermined by the conditions set by global Northern funding. Instead, I show how collective identity is articulated, in a locally specific process of relating political orientations to local associational fields, within, but not predetermined by, global funding constraints. As each group positioned itself in a distinct local associational field, it articulated a distinct collective identity, the Women’s Collective as entrepreneurial women (a more respectable collective identity), and the Union as sexual laborers (a more transgressive one). Articulation unfolded through material as well as symbolic processes, shaping members’ life trajectories and their understandings of them. This article complicates accounts of Northern funding and institutional opportunities as predetermining the paths and visions of social movements.

Condom use in Thailand: how much is it slowing the HIV/AIDS epidemic?

AIDS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-525
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Mastro ◽  
Khanchit Limpakarnjanarat
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Self-Reported Consistent Condom Usage among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Tamil Nadu, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Saumya Rastogi ◽  
Bimal Charles ◽  
Asirvatham Edwin Sam
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Male Clients ◽  
Hiv Aids

Clients of female sex workers (FSWs) possess a high potential of transmitting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections from high risk FSWs to the general population. Promotion of safer sex practices among the clients is essential to limit the spread of HIV/AIDS epidemic. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of consistent condom use (CCU) among clients of FSWs and to assess the factors associated with CCU in Tamil Nadu. 146 male respondents were recruited from the hotspots who reportedly had sex with FSWs in exchange for cash at least once in the past one month. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate methods. Overall, 48.6 and 0.8 percent clients consistently used condoms in the past 12 months with FSWs and regular partners, respectively. Logistic regression showed that factors such as education, peers’ use of condoms, and alcohol consumption significantly influenced clients’ CCU with FSWs. Strategies for safe sex-behaviour are needed among clients of FSWs in order to limit the spread of HIV/AIDS epidemic in the general population. The role of peer-educators in experience sharing and awareness generation must also be emphasized.

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