Theory-led Design of Instruments and Representations in Learning Analytics: Developing a Novel Tool for Orchestration of Online Collaborative Learning

This paper describes theory-led design as a way of developing novel tools for learning analytics. It focuses upon the domain of real-time automated discourse analysis (ADA) of group learning activities to facilitate instructor orchestration of online groups. The paper outlines the literature on the development of LA especially within the domain of ADA, and proposes that there is reason to conduct more tool development based upon first-principles. It describes first principles as being drawn from theory and subsequently informing the structure and behaviour of tools and presents a framework for this process. The framework is substantiated through the example of developing a new tool for assisting instructors with the orchestration of online groups. A description of the tool is given and examples of results from use with real-world data are presented. The paper concludes that whilst design purely from first principles may be elusive, the call is for more intent to explicitly connect the design process to theory on the basis that this has the potential to yield innovation when developing tools as well as the prospect of a the outcomes from tools connecting back to theory.

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Abstract #946: Assessment of Acromegaly Patients with and Without Diabetes Treated with Lanreotide Depot: 2-Year Real World Data

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)45236-x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 219

Author(s):

Roberto Salvatori ◽

Olga Gambetti ◽

Whitney Woodmansee ◽

David Cox ◽

Beloo Mirakhur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Real World Data ◽

World Data

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Safety and efficacy of direct acting oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation – a network meta-analysis of real-world data

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000746 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 134-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mirko Hirschl ◽

Michael Kundi

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin K Antagonists ◽

Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Real World Data ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Direct Acting ◽

Event Rates

Abstract. Background: In randomized controlled trials (RCTs) direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) showed a superior risk-benefit profile in comparison to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Patients enrolled in such studies do not necessarily reflect the whole target population treated in real-world practice. Materials and methods: By a systematic literature search, 88 studies including 3,351,628 patients providing over 2.9 million patient-years of follow-up were identified. Hazard ratios and event-rates for the main efficacy and safety outcomes were extracted and the results for DOACs and VKAs combined by network meta-analysis. In addition, meta-regression was performed to identify factors responsible for heterogeneity across studies. Results: For stroke and systemic embolism as well as for major bleeding and intracranial bleeding real-world studies gave virtually the same result as RCTs with higher efficacy and lower major bleeding risk (for dabigatran and apixaban) and lower risk of intracranial bleeding (all DOACs) compared to VKAs. Results for gastrointestinal bleeding were consistently better for DOACs and hazard ratios of myocardial infarction were significantly lower in real-world for dabigatran and apixaban compared to RCTs. By a ranking analysis we found that apixaban is the safest anticoagulant drug, while rivaroxaban closely followed by dabigatran are the most efficacious. Risk of bias and heterogeneity was assessed and had little impact on the overall results. Analysis of effect modification could guide the clinical decision as no single DOAC was superior/inferior to the others under all conditions. Conclusions: DOACs were at least as efficacious as VKAs. In terms of safety endpoints, DOACs performed better under real-world conditions than in RCTs. The current real-world data showed that differences in efficacy and safety, despite generally low event rates, exist between DOACs. Knowledge about these differences in performance can contribute to a more personalized medicine.

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