scholarly journals Efecto de levaduras de origen marino y ulvan en el control poscosecha de Penicillium italicum agente causal del moho azul en limón persa

Biotecnia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Luis Guillermo Hernández Montiel ◽  
MARIA LUISA Vázquez-Vázquez ◽  
Gabriela Sanchez-Viveros ◽  
Juan Reyes-Pérez ◽  
Maria Martinez-Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Italicum

Penicillium italicum es el agente causal del moho azul en los cítricos. Su control es con fungicidas sintéticos, sin embargo, levaduras marinas y ulvan son una alternativa a los agro-productos sintéticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el antagonismo in vitro de levaduras hacia P. italicum y su efecto con ulvan en el control del moho azul en frutos de limón persa. Se evaluó el efecto de ulvan sobre P. italicum y levaduras. Se determinó el antagonismo in vitro por confrontación entre levadura-fitopatógeno y competencia por carbohidratos. Se evaluó la protección de frutos con levaduras y ulvan hacia P. italicum y se determinó severidad e incidencia de la enfermedad y expresión de SOD, POX y CAT. No hubo efecto de ulvan sobre los microorganismos. In vitro las levaduras inhibieron al fitopatógeno. Los carbohidratos disminuyeron con levaduras y P. italicum y se inhibió la germinación de esporas del fitopatógeno. La incidencia de P. italicum en los frutos fue disminuida por levaduras y ulvan. POX, CAT y SOD se incrementó en los frutos con levaduras y ulvan. La aplicación de levaduras marinas más ulvan puede ser una opción en el control del moho azul en frutos de limón persa.

Inactivation of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum under In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions by Using UV-C Light

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1761-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
GÜLTEN TİRYAKİ GÜNDÜZ ◽  
FIKRET PAZIR
Keyword(s):  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Penetration Ability ◽  
Working Distance ◽  
Uv C

In this study, the effects of UV-C on two of the main wound pathogens of citrus fruits, Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, were investigated with different inoculation methods in vitro and on oranges. P. digitatum and P. italicum spores were inoculated onto the surface of potato dextrose agar or oranges using spread, spot, wound, and piercing inoculation methods. UV-C treatment for 1 min from a working distance of 8 cm reduced the numbers of P. italicum and P. digitatum by about 3.9 and 5.3 log units, respectively, following spread inoculation under in vitro conditions. Significant reductions were obtained after 1-min UV-C treatments of the tested fungi following inoculation using the spread and spot methods. With inoculation by the wound and piercing methods, the tested spores were not inactivated completely even after 10- and 20-min treatment times, respectively. The application of UV-C (7.92 kJ m−2) on oranges reduced the percentage of oranges infected at least threefold compared with the rate of infection in the untreated control samples. UV-C irradiation could effectively inactivate spores of P. italicum and P. digitatum inoculated by the spread plate and spot inoculation methods under in vitro and in vivo conditions. On the other hand, because of the low penetration ability of UV-C light, the tested fungi were not completely inactivated following inoculation with the wound and piercing methods. UV-C treatment has potential for use in surface decontamination of citrus fruits.

scholarly journals ESTUDO DO POTENCIAL DE FUNGOS ENDOFÍTICOS NO CONTROLE DO AGENTE CAUSAL DA FUSARIOSE EM TOMATEIRO

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Kellem Ângela Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
José Fábio França de Orlanda ◽  
Gustavo De Andrade Bezerra ◽  
Thatyane Pereira De Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

RESUMO: O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a capacidade antimicrobiana in vitro, de diferentes extratos de fungos endofíticos, como alternativa no biocontrole de Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Foram obtidos oito isolados endofíticos de plantas do Cerrado Maranhense e de interesse econômico, a saber: aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão), jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), milho (Zea Mays L.), mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), vinagreira (Hibiscus sabidariffa L.) e graviola (Annona muricata L.). Os isolados endofiticos das espécies foram identificados em Aspergillus niger e Penicillium italicum, com características morfológicas distintas entre as colônias e todos os isolados endofíticos verificou-se crescimento mediano. Para a atividade antimicrobiana, foi realizada a extração dos metabólitos dos isolados endofiticos com os solventes: Acetato de Etila, Clorofórmio e Diclorometano, posteriormente realizado o bioensaio através do confronto direto do antagonista (endófito) sobre o Fusarium Oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, raça 1, pelo método de difusão em ágar. Os extratos dos isolados endofíticos obtidos do solvente Clorofórmio apresentaram capacidade inibitória, assim interferindo no crescimento do Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça. Que foram provenientes do caule milho (II) e de jenipapo, com diâmetros de 13mm e 11mm, respectivamente, os outros extratos dos isolados apresentaram halos de inibição inferior. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: antibiose, controle biológico, fitopatógeno.

Resistance to benzimidazole fungicide in blue mould of citrus in Queensland

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 698 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Green Mould

Two of seven isolates of Penicillium italicum Wehmer (blue mould) from different consignments of citrus were resistant in vitro to thiabendazole, benomyl, thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim. The application of thiabendazole and benomyl to Late Valencia oranges inoculated with the resistant isolates failed to prevent the development of blue mould. No resistance was found in seven isolates of P. digitatum Sacc. (green mould).

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of 7-Demethoxytylophorine on Penicillium italicum and its Possible Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuying Chen ◽  
Wenwen Qi ◽  
Xuan Peng ◽  
Jinyin Chen ◽  
Chunpeng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Relative Electrical Conductivity

7-demethoxytylophorine (DEM) is a phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, which is reported to be effective in inhibiting leucocytes and regulation of human immunity. However, few studies reported the inhibitory effect of DEM against plant-pathogenic fungi, particularly postharvest pathogen Penicillium italicum (P. italicum). Current studies have investigated the antifungal activity of DEM through membrane damage and energy deficit in P. italicum. The results showed that the DEM potentially inhibits the growth of P. italicum in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro (mycelial growth and spore germination) tests showed great minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1.56 µg mL−1) and minimum fugicide concentration (MFC) (6.25 µg mL−1). Microscopic analyses showed that mycelial morphology of P. italicum was severely damaged following DEM treatment. Moreover, relative electrical conductivity and lysis ability assays showed that DEM treatment aids in destroying the integrity of plasma membranes that deplete reducing sugars and soluble proteins. The activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) demonstrated that DEM led to the disruption of TCA cycle in P. italicum mycelia. The results of this study led us to conclude that, DEM could be used as a natural antifungal agent for controlling postharvest blue mold disease of citrus fruits caused by P. italicum.

scholarly journals Limonin Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Eugenol Nanoemulsion against Penicillium Italicum In Vitro and In Vivo Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Runan Zhao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhiqin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Blue Mold

Penicillium italicum, the cause of citrus blue mold, is a pathogenic fungus that seriously affects the postharvest quality of citrus fruit and causes serious economic loss. In this study, a eugenol nanoemulsion containing limonin, an antimicrobial component from citrus seeds, was prepared using a high-pressure microfluidizer and the antifungal activity of the nanoemulsions against P. italicum was evaluated based on the conidial germination rate, mycelial growth, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration and the inhibition rate of limonin-loaded eugenol nanoemulsion was 160 μg/mL and 59.21%, respectively, which was more potent than that of the limonin-free eugenol emulsion. After treatment with the nanoemulsions, the integrity of the P. italicum cell membrane was disrupted, the cell morphology was abnormal, and the leakage of nucleic acid and protein was observed. In addition, the challenge test on citrus fruits revealed that the limonin-loaded eugenol emulsion inhibited citrus infection for longer periods, with an infection rate of 29.2% after 5 days. The current research shows that nanoemulsions containing limonin and eugenol have effective antifungal activity against P. italicum, and may be used as a substitute for inhibiting blue mold in citrus fruits.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Plant Essential Oils Against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew VITORATOS ◽  
Dimitrios BILALIS ◽  
Anestis KARKANIS ◽  
Aspasia EFTHIMIADOU
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Plant Essential Oils

Plant essential oils have the potential to replace the synthetic fungicides in the management of postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables.The aim of this study was to access the in vitro and in vivo activity of essential oil obtained from oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and lemon (Citrus limon L.) plants, against some important postharvest pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium italicum and P. digitatum). In vitro experiments indicated that P. italicum did not show any mycelium growth in presence of thyme essential oils at concentration of 0.13 μl/ml. Moreover, B. cinerea did not show any mycelium growth in presence of lemon and oregano essential oils at concentration of 17 μl/ml and 0.02 μl/ml, respectively. Moreover, the essential oils from three species were effective in reducing the spore germination. The in vivo experiments confirmed the strong efficacy shown in vitro by essential oils. These oregano and lemon oils were very effective in controlling disease severity of infected fruit by B. cinera in tomatoes, strawberries and cucumbers. In tomatoes, grey mould due to B. cinerea was completed inhibited by oregano essential oils at 0.30 μl/ml. Moreover, lemon essential oils induced a significant reduction of grey mould disease severity. In strawberries, grey mould was completed inhibited by lemon essential oils at 0.05 μl/ml. In addition, lemon essential oils at 0.05 μl/ml showed 39% reduction of infected cucumber fruits by B. cinerea. These results indicate that essential oils after suitable formulation could be used for the control of postharvest diseases caused by Botrytis and Penicillium pathogens.

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