Chemical Current Source Express Diagnostics Using Noise Spectroscopy on the Example of Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
E.M. Petrenko ◽  
V.A. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spectroscopy Method ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Chemical Current Source ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Noise Spectroscopy

Lithium-thionyl chloride battery voltage is practically not changing during the discharge process and drops sharply being completely discharged. In this regard, the problem of non-destructive quality control of the chemical current sources (first of all, the discharge degree) before installation thereof in the equipment becomes of particular importance. Microcalorimetric studies make it possible to rather correctly determine the current source internal self-discharge rate, predict the LCCS shelf life and its performance term. However, the heat release absolute value in current sources with sufficient storability, i.e., with low self-discharge, is very small; therefore, it is necessary to use sensitive, stationary and large-sized equipment. This makes such diagnostics impossible when operating in the stand-alone conditions. The impedance spectroscopy method could be proposed to solve this problem. However, satisfactory results are only obtained in the 0--70 % residual capacitance range. Determination of residual capacitance in the 70--100 % range appears to be rather difficult due to the absence of noticeable alteration in the informative parameter within the limits of its absolute deviation from the mean value. In this regard, it looks advisable to use noise spectroscopy as a physically independent method in diagnosing the state of chemical current sources to expand the residual capacitance diagnostics range to the 70--100 % domain, as well as to increase reliability of the chemical current source diagnostic estimate in the range of 50--70 %. Results of the electrochemical noise measurement analysis confirm promising application of the noise spectroscopy method in estimating current state of the primary chemical current sources in their low discharge domains

Diagnostics of Advanced Power Intensive Power Sources Based on the Acoustic Spectroscopy Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
E.M. Petrenko ◽  
V.A. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spectroscopy Method ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Acoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Noise Diagnostics

Objective of this article is to develop a method for lithium chemical current sources diagnostics, which would ensure high reliability in assessing their technical state (primarily, the discharge degree) close to potentially achievable introduction of the acoustic spectroscopy method. Today, microcalorimetric studies and methods of impedance and noise spectroscopy make it possible to predict the lithium chemical current sources service life. However, implementation of the microcalorimetric studies result requires a lot of time accompanied by using stationary and large-size equipment, which is practically impossible in the autonomous conditions. Application of the impedance spectroscopy method provides satisfactory results only with high degrees of discharge. In the range of 0--30 %, it is very difficult to determine the discharge degree, since noticeable alteration in the correlate within its deviation from the mean value is missing. In this regard, it is proposed in order to provide diagnostics of the lithium chemical current sources in the region of initial degrees of discharge to introduce the noise diagnostics method. In order to increase reliability of the diagnostic estimates, it is advisable to use acoustic spectroscopy as a physically independent method in diagnosing the state of lithium chemical current sources. Results of the preliminary measurements analysis confirm the prospects of using the acoustic spectroscopy method in assessing the current state of primary lithium chemical current sources. Experimental studies of the lithium chemical current sources response to acoustic (mechanical) action made it possible to determine a set of parameters characterizing the proposed methodological approach. This provided a possibility to search for correlation dependences of the lithium chemical current sources spectral characteristics on the degree of their discharge. This makes it possible to use the method of acoustic spectroscopy in prompt and reliable diagnostics of the primary current sources in the region of low discharge degrees

scholarly journals The Influence of Jam Density and Merging Cyclists on the Queue Discharge Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Wierbos ◽  
V. L. Knoop ◽  
B. Goñi-Ros ◽  
S. P. Hoogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Perpendicular Direction ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
The Impact

An increasing number of people use the bicycle for urban trips resulting in local congestion at intersections, especially during peak hours. Understanding the queue dynamics is key to find the correct measures that can reduce the delays for cyclists without affecting other traffic modes. To this end, the discharge process of bicycle queues is studied, focusing on the impact of jam density on the queue discharge rate and how this process is affected by cyclists that merge into the queue during the discharge phase. The impact of merging cyclists is captured by a newly introduced bicycle equivalent (BE) value. This direction-specific BE value is used to convert a merging cyclist into a cyclist that is waiting in the original queue. Results show that the queue discharge rate increases with increasing density of the queue. Furthermore, cyclists that merge by overtaking contribute to the queue discharge rate, while cyclists who merge from a perpendicular direction hinder the discharge process, thereby decreasing the bicycle flow at the intersection. The insights can be used to develop measures which minimise delay at intersections and to design efficient infrastructure for bicyclists.

scholarly journals Use of video education in post-operative patient counselling: A quality improvement initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke D.E. Witherspoon ◽  
Ailsa M.L. Gan ◽  
Rodney H. Breau ◽  
Ginette Saumure ◽  
Jacqueline Shea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Quality Improvement Initiative ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Patient Counselling ◽  
Video Education

Introduction: This quality improvement study examined if a video-based resource could reduce delayed discharges after robotic prostatectomy while maintaining high levels of patient satisfaction. Methods: From April 2018 to February 2020, all patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) were asked to complete an anonymous survey evaluating their perioperative experience. The quality improvement (QI) intervention started in March 2019 with a series of six educational videos being shown to all patients. The videos were used to supplement postoperative instruction. The discharge times of all patients were obtained from The Ottawa Hospital Data Repositories. A run chart analysis was used to detect change in discharge time (outcome measure). Patient satisfaction (balancing measure) was analyzed using Chi-squared analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 425 robotic prostatectomies (199 pre-intervention, 226 post-intervention) were available. Analysis of the run chart revealed non-random change favoring earlier discharge in the intervention group (p<0.05), with a pre-intervention late discharge rate of 64% and a post-intervention late discharge rate of 55%. A total of 140 surveys (59 pre-intervention, 81 post-intervention) assessing patient satisfaction were completed, corresponding with a response rate of 29.6% and 35.8%, respectively. Median score on a 10-point scale for overall satisfaction was equal between the intervention and non-intervention groups (9 [interquartile range (IQR 8–10) vs. 10 [IQR 8-10], p=0.92). Conclusions: Patient satisfaction with care and education was high for all patients and was not negatively impacted by this intervention. Video education tools may be one method to help improve the discharge process following RARP.

scholarly journals PURIFICATION OF ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE FROM DISSOLVED REACTION PRODUCTS DURING WORK OF THE AIR-ALUMINUM CHEMICAL CURRENT SOURCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 337-350
Author(s):  
N. S. OKOROKOVA ◽  
A. V. PERCHENOK ◽  
E. V. SUVOROVA ◽  
A. A. FARMAKOVSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Current Source ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Electrolyte ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Chemical Current Source ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Process Solutions

The relevance of the article is based on the fact that the state of work on the creation of power sources (PS) with AA chemical current sources (CCS) is at the stage of development and testing of prototypes. The purpose of this article is to calculate dimensions of the electrolyte circuit and the crystallizer. There were experimental studies of the decomposition kinetics of the process solutions of potassium aluminate in the range of temperatures and compositions corresponding to operating conditions with PS AA CCS for various purposes. This study presents the results of applying various methods of cleaning an alkaline electrolyte from dissolved reaction products formed during the operation of an air-aluminum (AA) chemical current source (CCS). The kinetic parameters of decomposition of aluminate solutions were experimentally determined, depending on temperature, the concentration of dissolved aluminum, concentration of initial aluminum hydroxide and the size of the first surface. The dimensions of the electrolyte purification systems from dissolved reaction products — electrolyte circuit and crystallizer — were calculated, which significantly increased the time continuous operation of power sources (PS) based on AA CCS. It was demonstrated that for a 100 W power supply, the crystallizer volume should be 1.3 l with initial concentration of 20 % of mass. The mass of water consumed during the operation of the PS for 6 hours is 1.4 kg.

Kinetics of [123I]iodide uptake and discharge by perchlorate in studies of inhibition of iodide binding by antithyroid drugs

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. McCruden ◽  
T. E. Hilditch ◽  
J. M. C. Connell ◽  
W. D. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Antithyroid Drug Therapy

Abstract. Thyroidal binding of idoide was studied by kinetic analysis of [123I]iodide uptake and its discharge by perchlorate in 80 hyperthyroid subjects receiving antithyroid drug therapy. Five dosage regimens ranging from 5 mg carbimazole twice daily to 15 mg methimazole twice daily were studied. Binding inhibition was estimated at 5–7 h after drug as an index of the mean effect of the 12 hourly regimen. In all cases, except one in the lowest dose group, binding was found to be markedly reduced with mean binding rates ranging from 0.002 to 0.020 min−1 (normal > 0.15 min−1). The net clearance of iodide in the lowest dose group was reduced to a mean value near the upper limit of the euthyroid range, whereas in the highest dose group it lay at the lower limit of the euthyroid range. These results were reflected in the serum thyroid hormone response. There was a reducing incidence of inadequate control of hyperthyroidism and an increasing incidence of hypothyroidism with increasing thiourylene dose. The exit rate constant of free iodide for the various doses showed values from 0.048 to 0.055 min−1. Corresponding mean values for the discharge rate constant after perchlorate were 0.087 to 0.105 min−1. This suggests that perchlorate increases the rate of iodide release from the thyroid gland. Studies at a later interval after drug (12–14 h) showed no change in discharge rate constant. This leads to the conclusion that perchlorate may further inhibit iodide binding in subjects receiving antithyroid drug therapy.

Electroreduction of Cobalt(II) Chloride and Cobalt(II) Fluoride Mixtures in a Thermally Activated Chemical Current Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
O. V. Volkova ◽  
V. V. Zakharov ◽  
S. V. Plaksin ◽  
E. A. Il’ina ◽  
A. A. Pankratov
Keyword(s):  
Current Source ◽  
Chemical Current Source ◽  
Thermally Activated

Improving before-noon discharges in the acute medical ward

2021 ◽  
pp. 201010582110111
Author(s):  
Siti Khadijah Binte Zainuddin ◽  
Tharmmambal Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Early Discharge ◽  
Medical Ward ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Patient Transfers ◽  
Admission Time

Background: Mismatch in admission and discharge rates with poor coordination of bed availability to prepare for peak admission time do not favor patient flow in any healthcare situation. In order to meet the admissions demand from the emergency department, early discharge is advocated. Aim: The purpose of this study was to increase the 11:30 discharge rate in the acute medical ward to 20% within 5 months in order to facilitate patient transfers from the emergency department. Method and intervention: A nurse-led multidisciplinary team discussion at 10:00 was formed empowering nurses and aims to prioritize early discharges or transfer patients who require a longer stay in the hospital. The indication of expected discharge date was determined by team doctors on either day 1 or 2 of admission, to facilitate and prioritize allied health intervention or even prescription processing. Physical transfer to the discharge lounge was to occur earlier, awaiting preparation of prescription and documentation. Dedicated nursing staff who manage the discharge lounge processes, were to ensure the transfers and care arrangements to be smooth and coordinated with enhanced communication to next of kin. Results: The overall median rate for discharges before 11:30 in the acute medical ward was at 17%, compared to baseline median discharge rate of 12% ( p=0.05) and evening discharges that remained. With the implementation of a framework for multidisciplinary team discussion, the mean time spent on multidisciplinary team reduced to 40 min from the pre-intervention stage, ranging approximately 57–68 min. Conclusion: The discharge process is complex and requires multidisciplinary team collaboration and coordination. This project also created an opportunity for more relevant project targeting evening discharges that addresses another emergency department peak admission time.

Electrolytic Behavior of Nickel in Polarization by Variable Asymmetric Rectangular Current in Alkaline Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 1010-1016
Author(s):  
V.V. Demiyan ◽  
E.A. Zelenskaya ◽  
N.P. Shabelskaya
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Porous Nickel ◽  
Oxide Electrode ◽  
Chemical Current Source ◽  
Active Mass ◽  
Nickel Oxide Electrode ◽  
Anode Pulse

The paper presents experimental data on nickel oxidation during electrolysis under rectangular alternating current in alkaline solutions, when the cathode pulse (Iк ) is greater than the anode pulse ( Iа ). During the process, intense nickel destruction occurs forming bivalent oxide powder. Under prolonged electrolysis, this powder deposits at the bottom of the electrolyzer in the form of a sponge. The results obtained can be used to produce active mass in the porous nickel oxide electrode of a chemical current source.

Express diagnostics of lithium thionyl chloride power sources using noise spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
E.I. Shkolnikov ◽  
E.M. Petrenko ◽  
V.A. Semenova ◽  
D.E. Vervikishko
Keyword(s):  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Noise Spectroscopy
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