Analysis of the features of the implementation of the launch unit flight scheme for micro spacecraft injections in an intermediate orbit with synchronous precession

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Zelvin ◽  
A.G. Toporkov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Reference Orbit ◽  
Small Spacecraft ◽  
Intermediate Orbit ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Flight Scheme ◽  
Selection Of

The article considers features of the implementation of the launching scheme for a group of small spacecraft at the stage of the Volga type launch unit operation during the transition from the reference orbit formed by the “Soyuz 2.1 v” launch vehicle to the intermediate orbit, where the small spacecraft separate. The orbit with synchronous precession velocity of the ascending node longitude with respect to the working orbit is chosen as an intermediate orbit, to which the small spacecraft transfer independently, using their propulsion system, after separation from the launch unit. The article solves the problem of choosing the rational orientation of the launch unit during the release of pulses, in the passive flight segments, as well as for the safe separation of the small spacecraft in an intermediate orbit with synchronous precession. Parameters of maneuvers to flood launch unit after separation of small spacecraft are calculated. Numerical results of fuel consumption for direct deorbiting and selection of maneuvering intervals for launch unit submersion in a given area of the world ocean are obtained. The calculations of the Earth shadow- and semishadow-sunlight time for small spacecraft are performed.

scholarly journals Physical-geographical natural systems within waters of the World Ocean

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Yuriy D. Shuisky
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Hierarchical Scheme ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Based on the data of theoretical developments in the fields of ocean geography and system-geographical analysis, a hierarchical scheme of natural systems in the water layer of the World Ocean has been examined. The aim of the work is to carry out the first attempt to compare landscapes on land, natural systems in the coastal zone (the zone of contact between land and the World Ocean) and those in the World Ocean. The differentiation of the oceanic natural environment which is a possible version of a systematised list of systems ranging from individual oceans to individual eddies (or impulses) in the deep sea and on the shelf of shallow water are discussed. This work therefore, attempts to find new ways for the synchronous study of the hierarchical series of the coastal zone and the water layer of the World Ocean, along with land landscapes as part of the geographic shell of the Earth. This approach will make it possible to obtain a series of systems for the entire geographic envelope. This is a promising approach for an indebt development of physical geography in general.

scholarly journals Solving the problems of conservation and rational use of natural resources as a modern factor in the development of the world and regional economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Alexandr Kiselyov ◽  
Marina Mayorova ◽  
Nadezhda Shishkina ◽  
Maxim Markin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Near Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
The World

Today, the rate and volume of human use of natural resources are increasing at a very high speed. Pumping out huge amounts of oil and gas from the Earth’s interior, which cannot quickly recover, no one calculated how this, for example, would affect all the parameters of the movement of our planet and, accordingly, the change in the living conditions of people. Cutting down forests and building dams on rivers, no one calculated how this would affect climate change on the Earth in the future, etc. At the same time, the economic activity of organizations under competition in various fields of activity, including interstate, aimed at activating people’s consumer behavior, increasingly aggravates the already difficult environmental situation, and the mainland of the Earth, the world ocean, and the near space began to turn into a “garbage dump” from the results of human activities and production waste. And as a result, humanity faces the issue of its survival on the Earth, associated with the need for rational use of natural resources and their timely reproduction as a key factor in its economic development. Today it is necessary to develop and implement the concept of responsible consumption in people’s economic activities, which enables to take care of the world’s natural resources and to exclude the possibility of an environmental catastrophe associated with the “littering” of their habitat.

A discussion on the structure and evolution of the Red Sea and the nature of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Ethiopia rift junction - Introductory remarks

1970 ◽  
Vol 267 (1181) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Gulf Of Aden ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sea Floor Spreading

The Red Sea Discussion Meeting originated in the desire of the other organizers to bring together as many as possible of the earth scientists who have been working recently in that area to examine the latest evidence and ideas on its structure and origin, to see how they accord with modern continental and sea-floor spreading concepts. The Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Afar crustal depressions, now known to be continuous with the extension of the world ocean rift system, have been claimed as a manifestation of crustal separation, but some Earth scientists still consider that the evidence can be explained by less drastic crustal rifting. Definite solutions to the many outstanding problems were not expected but discussions would clearly assist further researches.

On the incorporation of waste material in the solid part of the Earth

1971 ◽  
Vol 324 (1558) ◽  
pp. 353-367
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Solid Part

The disposal of waste substances by industrial society is leading to contamination of the world ocean. The production of man-made solid waste is in excess of 0.5 x 10 9 tonnes per year. A growing fraction is not susceptible to organic breakdown or recycling, and production is increasing exponentially as more regions become industrialized. Present disposal practices consist of incineration, of dumping at sea, and of discarding material on land. As a result, foreign substances are being added in cumulative fashion to the atmosphere and to the waters of the world ocean. Once released in the terrestrial fluid envelope, noxious matter is subject to uncontrollable dispersal. Lodgement of waste in sedimentary sinks would cause its fixation under cover becoming thicker. A disposal system is outlined, aimed at standardization, and having the stages: (1) collection; (2) compaction of waste into blocks; and (3) its sea transportation to tectonic sinks. Deposition in subduction sinks would result eventually in the ingestion of waste material by the upper mantle. Deposition in sinks of the extensional class would result in its burial for periods without limit so far as civilizations are concerned. In both cases, it would be necessary to guard against reworking, and to examine the effect of exudations before burial.

scholarly journals Earthquake and hurricane coupling is ascertained by ground-based laser interferometer and satellite observing techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 935-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Dubrov ◽  
V. A. Volkov ◽  
S. P. Golovachev
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Cyclonic Activity ◽  
Geophysical Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Observing Techniques

Abstract. The most destructive disasters such as the strongest earthquakes and the most powerful tropical cyclones can be treated as tightly coupled geophysical phenomena in their origin. Results of comparison of geophysical field variations and seismic activity of the Earth have evidently shown the correlation between lithosphere–atmosphere interactive disturbances, tropical cyclonic activity in the World Ocean, and seismic processes in the solid Earth. The ground-based laser interferometer techniques being supplemented by satellite observational systems can be considered as promising methods for common earthquake and hurricane monitoring and prediction.

scholarly journals METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF METHANE GAS EXTRACTION FROM AQUA GAS HYDRATE FORMATIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Goshovskyi ◽  
Oleksii Zurian
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Methane Hydrates ◽  
World Community ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Decomposition Of Methane ◽  
Gas Hydrate Deposits ◽  
The Given

In the bowels of the Earth and in the oceans of the World Ocean, there are practically unlimited resources of natural gas in the solid hydrate state, available to most countries of the world community. The development of gas hydrate deposits is based on the process of dissociation (separation), in which the gas hydrates break down into gas and water. In these technologies, three methods for the development of gas hydrate deposits are proposed: pressure reduction, heating and inhibitor input. Based on the systematized data, the above methods are suggested to be attributed to traditional methods, as the most studied and classical ones. It is proposed to identify a number of methods that imply the same results, but use other physical approaches and designate them as unconventional. 1. Decomposition of methane hydrates by nanoparticles. In this method, the use of nanoparticles commensurate with the gas hydrate cell (supplied as part of a hydrodynamic jet) is proposed for efficient and safe destruction of the gas hydrate. The application of nanotechnology provides effective and consistent study of the entire surface of the aquatic deposit of gas hydrates, with the necessary rate of their destruction and the production of planned volumes of methane. 2. Decomposition of methane hydrates by microorganisms (bacteria). In this process, in the process of the life of the bacteria, a gas must be released, replacing in the clathrate structure a molecule of methane per molecule of the given gas. In addition, the process must be controlled by the use of external factors that provide nutrition to the bacteria and at the same time, light, chemicals, electromagnetic radiation, etc. can be stopped at any time, which is absent in the natural conditions of formation of the gas hydrate.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

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