scholarly journals Physical-geographical natural systems within waters of the World Ocean

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Yuriy D. Shuisky
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Hierarchical Scheme ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Based on the data of theoretical developments in the fields of ocean geography and system-geographical analysis, a hierarchical scheme of natural systems in the water layer of the World Ocean has been examined. The aim of the work is to carry out the first attempt to compare landscapes on land, natural systems in the coastal zone (the zone of contact between land and the World Ocean) and those in the World Ocean. The differentiation of the oceanic natural environment which is a possible version of a systematised list of systems ranging from individual oceans to individual eddies (or impulses) in the deep sea and on the shelf of shallow water are discussed. This work therefore, attempts to find new ways for the synchronous study of the hierarchical series of the coastal zone and the water layer of the World Ocean, along with land landscapes as part of the geographic shell of the Earth. This approach will make it possible to obtain a series of systems for the entire geographic envelope. This is a promising approach for an indebt development of physical geography in general.

scholarly journals ABOUT CONCEPT FORMING OF «LANDSCAPE COVER» OF THE WORLD IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(38)) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Yu. D. Shuisky
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Natural System ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Long Time

The purpose of the article is genetic systematization for the hierarchical lines of natural complexes within Earth Geographical Mantle on the Land (mainland and islands), it is being notion “landscape” and “natural system” are synonyms. In base of the article did hostage information of long time the author′s geographical expeditions on the Land, in the Ocean and in the Coastal Zone, and analysis of published scientific information by other authors. At the same time, the main research method was integral. Landscape development reliable discovered boundaries of natural systems, its structure, diversity, natural properties, which were conceived and evaluated within land as geosystems and geocomplexes. Solely, within the Land should be logic is development “landscapes” as a natural system. Every of natural systems with different hierarchical the scale of ranks have name “aquaschaft” within the coastal zone surrounding and “thalassogen” within the Ocean surrounding. The article has inheriting character from working out of classic geographers of last century, especially during up to end of 1900th, before 2000. In the period theory of landscape science formed as a most full weight. What is why I developed scientific materials of second part of 1900th. Thus, the natural (anthropogenic and natural) systems complexes are not only the landscape system that is specific to mainland. The complexity and diversity of different akvashaftes and talassohenes are well-organized aggregate of various levels of organization in the coastal zone and the open ocean. Moreover, in the Ocean the largest megasystems serve the water and the ocean bottom. The process of differentiation of megasystems, the three main environments of the geographical envelope, is continuous and covers them simultaneously. This phenomenon is a reflection of the interaction between landscapes, aquascapes and thalassogens. The materials and conclusions outlined in this article open the perspectives for the positive development of landscape science and the rest of the geographical sciences. Further defining the hierarchical ranks of each mega-system requires detailed descriptions of each taxon to be used in the natural justification of any practical/economic projects. Oceanic natural systems (“complexes”) in the Ocean water layer were called thalassogens in 1940th yet. In the contact’s zone environment between them, they were called aquaschafts. Each of the shell parts has its separate hierarchical series, in which each taxon differs from the adjacent ones. In total, their area is 361 mln km2, or 70.78% of the area of the geographical envelope. In addition, including 9.95% is occupied by the coastal zone of the Ocean (aquaschaft), or 7.8 million km2. The remaining 60.83% is accounted for by the thalassogen area.

Old Norse Mythology as Sacred Narrative

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-102
Author(s):  
John Lindow
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Norse Mythology

This chapter presents a case study of one myth that we have from pictorial sources in the Viking Age, from poems almost certainly composed in the Viking Age, and from thirteenth-century sources, namely the encounter between the god Þórr (Thor) and his cosmic enemy, the World serpent, a beast that encircles the earth, in the deep sea. In this myth, Þórr fishes up the serpent, and depending on the variant, Þórr may or may not kill the serpent. I present and analyze the texts in more or less chronological order, from the older skalds through the Eddic poem Hymiskviða, through Snorri Sturluson in Edda, and compare the texts to the rock carvings that portray the myth. I argue that the issue of the death or survival of the serpent is less important than the simple fact that Þórr had the serpent on his hook.

Analysis of the features of the implementation of the launch unit flight scheme for micro spacecraft injections in an intermediate orbit with synchronous precession

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Zelvin ◽  
A.G. Toporkov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Reference Orbit ◽  
Small Spacecraft ◽  
Intermediate Orbit ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Flight Scheme ◽  
Selection Of

The article considers features of the implementation of the launching scheme for a group of small spacecraft at the stage of the Volga type launch unit operation during the transition from the reference orbit formed by the “Soyuz 2.1 v” launch vehicle to the intermediate orbit, where the small spacecraft separate. The orbit with synchronous precession velocity of the ascending node longitude with respect to the working orbit is chosen as an intermediate orbit, to which the small spacecraft transfer independently, using their propulsion system, after separation from the launch unit. The article solves the problem of choosing the rational orientation of the launch unit during the release of pulses, in the passive flight segments, as well as for the safe separation of the small spacecraft in an intermediate orbit with synchronous precession. Parameters of maneuvers to flood launch unit after separation of small spacecraft are calculated. Numerical results of fuel consumption for direct deorbiting and selection of maneuvering intervals for launch unit submersion in a given area of the world ocean are obtained. The calculations of the Earth shadow- and semishadow-sunlight time for small spacecraft are performed.

scholarly journals Solving the problems of conservation and rational use of natural resources as a modern factor in the development of the world and regional economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Alexandr Kiselyov ◽  
Marina Mayorova ◽  
Nadezhda Shishkina ◽  
Maxim Markin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Near Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
The World

Today, the rate and volume of human use of natural resources are increasing at a very high speed. Pumping out huge amounts of oil and gas from the Earth’s interior, which cannot quickly recover, no one calculated how this, for example, would affect all the parameters of the movement of our planet and, accordingly, the change in the living conditions of people. Cutting down forests and building dams on rivers, no one calculated how this would affect climate change on the Earth in the future, etc. At the same time, the economic activity of organizations under competition in various fields of activity, including interstate, aimed at activating people’s consumer behavior, increasingly aggravates the already difficult environmental situation, and the mainland of the Earth, the world ocean, and the near space began to turn into a “garbage dump” from the results of human activities and production waste. And as a result, humanity faces the issue of its survival on the Earth, associated with the need for rational use of natural resources and their timely reproduction as a key factor in its economic development. Today it is necessary to develop and implement the concept of responsible consumption in people’s economic activities, which enables to take care of the world’s natural resources and to exclude the possibility of an environmental catastrophe associated with the “littering” of their habitat.

Coastal zone dynamics - as a result of changes at the border of three environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Batyrev ◽  
Olga Andrianova ◽  
Radomir Belevich ◽  
Michael Skipa
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coastal Land

<p>Coastal zone research is becoming increasingly important because the impact of climate change is most significant here. The state of coastal regions is determined by the variability in three contact media (geological, water, and air). Evaluation of level changes on the coasts of various parts of the World Ocean (the Mediterranean, Black, Baltic and North Seas, and the Atlantic coasts in Brazil and France) over a long period of time shows various fluctuations with an upward trend in recent decades.</p><p>To highlight the factors that determine the seashores' level fluctuations, three contact media parameters were considered on the example of the western part of the Black Sea. Calculations, analysis, and comparison of trends in the variability of hydrometeorological characteristics (air and water temperatures, precipitation, and river discharge) and sea level over a period of more than 100 years have been carried out.</p><p>To assess the intensity of fluctuations of the coastal land along the western coast of the Black Sea, the series of level heights were considered at 6 Ukrainian stations: Vylkove, Chornomorsk (Ilyichevsk), Odesa-port, port Yuzhne, Ochakiv and Sevastopol (partially used as a benchmark), at 2 stations on the Romanian coast: Constanta and Sulina, and 2 stations on the Bulgarian coast: Burgas and Varna. Estimates of the dynamics of the land for the stations of this region's coastal zone for more than a 100-year period are calculated, and it is shown in which way changes in sea level are a consequence of the processes occurring in the coastal land and at the bottom.</p><p>Comparison of the years with extreme fluctuations in the sea level with the years of the global El Niño phenomenon showed that one of the causes of the observed disturbances in the water and air environments is the distant manifestations of this phenomenon.</p><p>Level fluctuations, both in the Black Sea and in the World Ocean, are synchronous at low-frequency scales (their period is more than 5 years) since global climatic processes on our planet influence them; short-term fluctuations are distinguished by regional features and are created under the influence of local factors (tectonic, geophysical, hydrostatic, etc.).</p><p>Modeling and predicting changes in the coastal zone of various parts of the World Ocean requires continuation of systematic observations of sea-level fluctuations, hydrometeorological characteristics, and seismic conditions in regions with the longest data series; it's crucial for the Black Sea as well for the Mediterranean, Baltic, North Seas, and Atlantic shores.</p>

A discussion on the structure and evolution of the Red Sea and the nature of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Ethiopia rift junction - Introductory remarks

1970 ◽  
Vol 267 (1181) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Gulf Of Aden ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sea Floor Spreading

The Red Sea Discussion Meeting originated in the desire of the other organizers to bring together as many as possible of the earth scientists who have been working recently in that area to examine the latest evidence and ideas on its structure and origin, to see how they accord with modern continental and sea-floor spreading concepts. The Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Afar crustal depressions, now known to be continuous with the extension of the world ocean rift system, have been claimed as a manifestation of crustal separation, but some Earth scientists still consider that the evidence can be explained by less drastic crustal rifting. Definite solutions to the many outstanding problems were not expected but discussions would clearly assist further researches.

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