scholarly journals СЕЗОННАЯ ДИНАМИКА СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ В ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦАХ АЭРОЗОЛЕЙ ВОЗДУХА МАЛЫХ НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТОВ, РАСПОЛОЖЕННЫХ В ЗОНЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ «ВОСТОЧНОГО» СЛЕДА РАДИОАКТИВНЫХ ВЫПАДЕНИЙ СЕМИПАЛАТИНСКОГО ИСПЫТАТЕЛЬНОГО ПОЛИГОНА

2021 ◽  
Vol 332 (12) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Арай Ермековна Темиржанова ◽  
Егор Григорьевич Язиков ◽  
Мадина Талгатовна Дюсембаева ◽  
Ербол Зейнелгазинович Шакенов ◽  
Нурлан Жумагазыевич Мухамедияров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Pm 10

Ссылка для цитирования Сезонная динамика содержания химических элементов в твердых частицах аэрозолей воздуха малых населенных пунктов, расположенных в зоне влияния «Восточного» следа радиоактивных выпадений Семипалатинского испытательного полигона / А.Е. Темиржанова, Е.Г. Язиков,  М.Т. Дюсембаева, Е.З. Шакенов, Н.Ж. Мухамедияров,  А.Ж. Ташекова,  Г.М. Есильканов, В.В. Колбин, М.А. Умаров // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2021. – Т. 332. – № 12. – С. 189-199. Актуальность данной работы обусловлена тем, что возникает вопрос о проведении исследований для выявления содержания химических элементов по одному из основных следов «Восточный» Семипалатинского испытательного полигона и прилегающих к нему территории, включая некоторые малые населенные пункты, посредством изучения твердых частиц аэрозолей воздуха. На примере сел Долонь, Бескарагай и Канонерка изучение элементного состава твердых частиц аэрозолей воздуха даст наиболее полную картину о качестве воздуха малых населённых пунктов со схожими климатическими условиями. Данные населенные пункты расположены в следе «Восточный», недалеко от условно обозначенных границ Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. Среди них особо актуальным вопросом является изучение качественного состава атмосферного воздуха непосредственно самого полигона и прилегающих к нему зон. Особый интерес среди них вызывает химический состав твердых частиц аэрозолей воздуха (PM-2,5 – Particulate matter – твердые частицы аэрозолей воздуха с диметром менее 2,5 мкм, PM-10 – Particulate matter – твердые частицы аэрозолей воздуха с диметром менее 10 мкм, TSP-Total suspended particles – Общие взвешенные частицы), содержащих радиоактивные элементы и тяжелые металлы. Взвешенные вещества размером менее 10 мкм распространяются на большие расстояния и являются потенциальными загрязнителями основных компонентов природы. Цель: определить источники поступления химических элементов в атмосферу населенных пунктов, в зоне воздействия «Восточного» следа радиоактивных выпадений, прилегающей к территории Семипалатинского испытательного полигона, на примере сел Долонь, Бескарагай и Канонерка, а также оценить качество атмосферного воздуха. Объекты: твердые частицы аэрозолей воздуха, почва. Методы. Пробы проанализированы методами масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (МС-ИСП), атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (АЭС-ИСП) и сканирующей электронной микроскопии; проведены процедуры внутреннего контроля качества (сравнение результатов, полученных различными способами анализа); статистическая обработка результатов анализа основных исследуемых компонентов природной среды; сезонная динамика распределения содержания элементов в твердых частицах аэрозолей воздуха исследуемых малых населенных пунктов. Результаты. Изучен химический состав (элементный) твердых частиц аэрозолей воздуха размером 2,5 мкм, а также почвы малых населенных пунктов. Выявлена сезонная динамика распределения концентраций исследуемых групп химических элементов. Анализ сезонного изменения химического состава аэрозолей воздуха позволил выявить их источники поступления. Превышения ПДК среднесуточного содержания нормируемых химических элементов в составе твердых частиц аэрозолей воздуха не обнаружено.

Yearly emission factors of ammonia and particulate matter from three laying-hen housing systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Costa ◽  
Sara Ferrari ◽  
Marcella Guarino
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

The aim of the present study was to measure the concentration of ammonia and particulate matter (PM) that passes through a size‐selective inlet with a 50% cut‐off at 10-μm aerodynamic-equivalent diameter (PM10) and emissions into atmosphere in the following three types of laying-hen houses: traditional battery cages with aerated open-manure storage (BSP) and two best available technique (BAT) housing types, namely, an aviary-system housing (ASH) and a vertical tiered cage with manure belts and forced-air drying (VTC). Measurements were taken continuously for a period of 1 year in each house. Ammonia concentration was measured continuously in each house using an infrared photoacoustic detector with a 15-min sampling interval. PM10 was measured continuously using a scatter light photometer, corrected by the traditional gravimetric-technique concentration to lower the measurement error. The same instrument was also used to collect PM10 through a traditional gravimetric technique. This procedure was performed to adjust the particulate matter-specific gravity of PM that is typical and specific for every animal house. PM10 and ammonia measurements were carried out together with measurements of inside and outside temperature, inside and outside relative humidity and ventilation rate. For the high PM10 concentrations measured in the ASH house during a preliminary survey, concentrations of total suspended particles (TSP) and fine PM (particles <2.5 microns) were also measured to evaluate the dustiness in the building during the working hours. The ammonia concentration was 5.37 mg/m3 in the traditional BSP house (the reference for cage-housing system), 4.95 mg/m3 in the VTC and 3.85 mg/m3 in the ASH. The ammonia-emission factors were 15.445 mg/h.hen place (0.135 kg/year.hen place) for BSP, 8.258 mg/h.hen place (0.072 kg/year.hen place) for VTC, and 23.704 mg/h.hen place (0.208 kg/year.hen place) for ASH. Ammonia emission-reduction efficiency of VTC v. the BSP was 53%, according to thresholds assessed by Integrated Prevention Pollution Control. The ammonia-reduction efficiency of ASH v. that of the standard Reference Housing system for non-cage housing was 68%. Average yearly PM10 concentration was remarkably higher in the ASH, with 0.215 mg/m3 v. 0.108 mg/m3 for the VTC and 0.094 mg/m3 for BSP. In the ASH, the concentration of total suspended particles (TSP) was 0.444 mg/m3 and that of PM2.5 was 0.032 mg/m3. In this facility, a great variation of PM10 concentration occurred in the morning hours. Recorded values for the PM10 emission were 0.433 mg/h.hen for BSP and 0.081 mg/h.hen for VTC, while the ASH showed the highest PM10 emission (1.230 mg/h.hen), with clear peaks occurring in the morning hours during daily farming operations.

Exercise Performed Concomitantly with Particulate Matter Exposure Inhibits Lung Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Silva-Renno ◽  
Guilherme Baldivia ◽  
Manoel Oliveira-Junior ◽  
Maysa Brandao-Rangel ◽  
Elias El-Mafarjeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

AbstractAir pollution is a growing problem worldwide, inducing and exacerbating several diseases. Among the several components of air pollutants, particulate matter (PM), especially thick (10–2.5 µm; PM 10) and thin (≤2.5 µm; PM 2.5), are breathable particles that easily can be deposited within the lungs, resulting in pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Although physical activity is strongly recommended, its effects when practiced in polluted environments are questionable. Therefore, the present study evaluated the pulmonary and systemic response of concomitant treadmill training with PM 2.5 and PM 10 exposure. Treadmill training inhibited PM 2.5- and PM 10-induced accumulation of total leukocytes (p<0.001), neutrophils (p<0.001), macrophages (p<0.001) and lymphocytes (p<0.001) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), as well as the BAL levels of IL-1beta (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), whereas it increased IL-10 levels (p<0.05). Similar effects were observed on accumulation of polymorphonuclear (p<0.01) and mononuclear (p<0.01) cells in the lung parenchyma and in the peribronchial space. Treadmill training also inhibited PM 2.5- and PM 10-induced systemic inflammation, as observed in the number of total leukocytes (p<0.001) and in the plasma levels of IL-1beta (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), whereas it increased IL-10 levels (p<0.001). Treadmill training inhibits lung and systemic inflammation induced by particulate matter.

TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICLES AND PM10 IN AMBIENT AIR IN MADRID (SPAIN)

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 771-772
Author(s):  
P. SALVADOR ◽  
B. ARTIÑANO ◽  
D.G. ALONSO ◽  
X. QUEROL
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Total Suspended Particles

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Concentration of California Aerosols

Radiocarbon ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (2A) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Berger ◽  
David McJunkin ◽  
Roberta Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Particle Fraction ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Fossil Carbon ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

In this study the origin of the carbonaceous fraction of total suspended particles (TSP) in air was analyzed. While the summer data show increasing carbon concentrations in the Los Angeles air basin from west to east, in the winter high levels of carbon particles can be found over the coast. The smallest and most dangerous particle fraction is principally composed of fossil carbon.

scholarly journals Indoor particulate matter measurement as a tool in the process of the implementation of Smoke-free Hospitals

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nardini ◽  
R. Cagnin ◽  
G. Invernizzi ◽  
A. Ruprecht ◽  
R. Boffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Portable Instrument ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
European Code ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter

Aim of the study: There are International and National standards that requires hospitals and health premises to be smoke-free. According to recent data from Italy and other European Countries, smoking is a widespread habit in hospitals. To get smoke-free hospitals in an Italian region, we have adopted the European Code for smoke-free hospitals, which sets standards and provides instruments for its implementation. According to the Code, whenever possible, each step towards a smoke-free hospital, should be shared by all staff. As a mean for achieving this goal, in our region the certification of single units as smoke-free units has been chosen. For getting the certification, besides implementing the Code, we planned to use ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) monitoring, as ETS should not be present in hospitals. As a marker of ETS we have chosen Particulate Matter (PM), as it can easily be measured in real-time with a portable instrument and, when other - even outdoor - sources of combustion can be ruled out, it is an accurate detector of cigarette smoke. Here the first experience of measuring PM in hospitals for monitoring ETS and certificating smoke-free health premises, is described. Materials and methods: PM measurements were carried out without any previous notification in different areas of two Network hospitals of the Veneto Region, during a single working day. A real time laser-operated aerosol mass analyser was used. Several classes of PM (PM1, PM2.5, PM7, PM10, TSP Total Suspended Particles) were measured. Results: Outdoor PM levels were found to be repeatedly lower than the annual official limits of 65 mcg/m3 and around the 24 hour official limits of 15 mcg/m3 [15 to 20 mcg/m3, with an overall mean (±SD) of 17.8 (1.9)] throughout the whole day. Very good indoor air quality was found in the operating theaters and isolation department, where PM2.5 concentrations were much lower than outdoor levels [1.6 (0.9) and 5.9 (0.6) mcg/m3, respectively]. No increase in PM pollution was found in the surveyed medical offices, halls and waiting rooms where smoking was positively forbidden [PM2.5 concentrations of 14.8 (2.2) and 12.9 (1.1) mcg/m3] except in a medical office and in two coffee rooms for staff only where high PM levels were recorded [PM2.5 58.7 (29.1), 27.0 (10.6) and 107.1 (47.8) mcg/m3] and an offence of smoking restrictions could be proved. Conclusions: The measurement of PM in hospital for monitoring ETS proved to be both feasible and sensible. PM measurements with a portable instrument can be used both for controlling the compliance with rules or chosen standards and for educating staff about smoking related hazards, thus gaining consensus for the implementation of the tobacco control policy. In our experience, PM measurement can be used as an aid inside all actions designed by the European Code for smoke-free hospitals.

Distribution of PBDEs in Atmospheric Total Suspended Particles Collected from Kunming, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1204-1209
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Xiao Man Li ◽  
Xiao Xia Yang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
The City ◽  
Reliable Analytical Method

An efficient and reliable analytical method has been used for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in atmospheric total suspended particles collected from the six state controlling air sampling sites and two self-selection sampling sites in Kunming, China. The results showed that the overall average concentrations of TSP collected from Kunming were in the range of 44.36 μg/m3 to 82.22 μg/m3. This pattern was lower than the average concentrations of Guiyu, Guangzhou and similar to Hong Kong. In TSP, the penta-BDEs and octa-BDEs were the dominant PBDEs and the PBDEs concentration ranged from 12.39 pg/m3 to 71.51 pg/m3, with a mean value of 46.82 pg/m3. This level was below the city of Guiyu, Örebro in Sweden and similar to Hong Kong, Guangzhou. The average concentrations of PBDEs had the trend of descent from the urban center to the outskirts of Kunming.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Particles in the Jinjiang River Estuary on the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Microcystit Flos-Aquae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiting Nan ◽  
Peiyong Guo ◽  
Hui Xing ◽  
Sijia Chen ◽  
Bo Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Suspended Particulate

Abstract The effects of different concentrations (100,150,200,250 mg/L) and different particle sizes (0–75µm, 75–120µm, 120–150µm, 150–500µm) on soluble protein content, SOD and CAT activity, MDA content, chlorophyll a content and photosynthetic parameters of Microcystis flos-aquae were studied, the mechanism of the effect of suspended particulate matter on the physiology and biochemistry of Microcystis flos-aquae was discussed. The results showed that the soluble protein content of Microcystis flos-aquae did not change obviously after being stressed by suspended particles of different concentration/diameter. The SOD activity of Microcystis flos-aquae increased at first and then decreased with the increase of the concentration of suspended particulate matter. The SOD activity of Microcystis flos-aquae reached 28.03 U/mL when the concentration of suspended particulate matter was 100 mg/L. The CAT activity of Microcystis flos-aquae increased with the increase of the concentration of suspended particles, and reached the maximum value of 12.45 U/mgprot in the concentration group of 250 mg/L, showing a certain dose-effect. The effect of small particle size on SOD, CAT and MDA of Microcystis flos-aquae was more significant than that of large particle size. The larger the concentration and the smaller the particle size, the stronger the attenuation of light and the lower the content of chlorophyll a. Both Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 of Microcystis flos-aquae increased at first and then decreased under different concentration/size of suspended particles. The relative electron transfer rate gradually returned to the normal level with the passage of time. There was no significant difference in α value between treatment group and control group, ETRmax and Ik decreased.

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