A Case Study of Multiple Parasitisms in a Calf Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitism by protozoan and helminth parasites exists as one of the major limiting factors in the buffalo industry, especially in the wellbeing of the calves around the developing countries like Nepal. During a field survey on buffaloes, we encountered a two- and half month ill male calf suffering from various illnesses for 14 days. Methods: We collected its stool sample for three days and processed through a direct wet mount, sedimentation, floatation and acid-fast staining techniques and observed via a compound microscope. Result: We detected the multiple patterns of infections of GI parasites and even counted the oocysts of coccidia and eggs of nematodes released per gram of the feces and discussed that co-infection was associated with the pathologic consequences. Coprological surveys with appropriate egg/oocyst counting techniques are useful in the treatment and preventive options of GI infections in calves.