Characterization and Analysis of Household Solid Waste Composition to Identify the Optimal Waste Management Method: A Case Study in Hanoi City, Vietnam

A survey on household solid waste generation and physical composition was conducted in Hanoi City, the capital of Vietnam. The study sampled 110 households in specific areas with different population density and household scale. Household solid waste was classified into 13 main categories and 25 sub-categories. The results showed that average generation rate of waste in Hanoi City is 0.63 kg per person per day with a slightly higher rate in rural areas than urban ones. The largest proportion was food and garden waste at 78.9% followed by plastic and paper. Plastic waste was segregated into plastic and nylon, and nylon was double that of plastics in household solid waste. Compared to previous studies, this study found a higher portion of organic matter in the waste characterization that could be attributed to the changes in lifestyle patterns associated with COVID-19. This situation provides challenges and opportunities for introducing biomass technology to recover energy.

Sustainable Solid Waste Management Strategies for Higher Education Institutions: Diponegoro University, Indonesia Case Study

Effective solid waste management strategies are recognized as efforts to achieve campus sustainability. The university campus is currently considered the center of various activities involving students, lecturers, staff, and other parties contributing to the consumption pattern of energy, water, and other resources. This study aims to estimate the quantity and compositions of waste generated on the Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP) campus, identify the causes of waste generation, evaluate the relationships between variables through statistical analysis, and recommend possible strategies to reduce solid waste generation. The results show that the simultaneous contribution of the student-gender ratio, student awareness level, administrative staff background, and green space amounted to 67.7% of the waste generation at UNDIP. Therefore, these four factors need to be a concern for campus authorities in their efforts to handle campus waste. Student awareness in particular was determined to be the only factor that significantly affects solid waste generation. UNDIP may implement proper environmental education through sustainability courses in each faculty to reduce solid waste in higher education institutions since it has the most significant impact. Outcomes of this study could be used as a reference to develop sustainable campus strategies, recycling plans, and comprehensive waste management in higher education.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Solid Waste Generation in the Perspectives of Socioeconomic and People’s Behavior: A Case Study in Serdang, Malaysia

Malaysia has enforced several phases of Movement Control Order (MCO) as a quarantine period since 18 March 2020 with the intended purpose of containing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The quarantine has affected people’s daily lives with frequent job dismissal and retrenchment due to the struggling economic conditions of particularly small and medium businesses. This study aimed to understand the impact of MCO on solid waste management in Serdang, Selangor from the aspects of socioeconomic and people’s behavior. Solid waste generation data in Serdang, Selangor was collected by KDEB Waste Management through waste weighing daily throughout 2019 and 2020. The collection was conducted according to different housing areas of Serdang. The quantitative findings have recorded a decline of 9.94% in solid waste data generation subjected to COVID-19 lockdown. In conjunction with that, an online questionnaire participated by 310 respondents was conducted on understanding the effect of the lockdown on people’s behavior and socioeconomic aspect with respect to solid waste management. This study revealed that June onwards (after MCO Phase 1) generated the most solid waste. Indeed, solid waste generation due to MCO according to the waste refusal behavior is the consensus in favor of Malaysia’s appropriate need for stricter policies.

Waste Management and Control Problems in Sokoto Metropolis: Projected Mitigation on the Syndrome

This study assessed the nature of solid waste generation, its spatio-temporal pattern and existing management strategies in Sokoto metropolis. The greatest challenges facing cities in the developing world are; paucity of solid waste management and control. In the Nigeria context, solid waste management is characterized by inefficient collection, insufficient coverage of the collection system and improper disposal methods. In Sokoto metropolis, increase in population has resulted into accelerated of solid waste generation with pollution of all categories, and the consequent is dearth of modern management. The study used; selection of different wastes for observation, sampling-up four sub-soils at 0-30cm at random from each of the waste dump sites to determine not only for heavy metal concentrations but also for fertility supplement in comparison with the National Environmental Standard and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA). Also, fifty scheduled questionnaires were administered each on selected residents around dumped sites and to the staff of Town Planning Board to solicit for relevant information on government and its agencies effectiveness in disposal and management of waste. Landsat data was also used to map out the waste sites for spatio-temporal analysis from 1999 to 2016. Results are expected to inform major decisions makers and urban planners in order to promote a sustainable urban development for Sokoto metropolis and its environs. Keywords: developing world, protection agencies, Metropolis, urban planners, Sokoto

Solid waste characterization and reducing potential at Faculty of Engineering, University of Surabaya

Reducing solid waste generation is one of the green campus achievement programs at the University of Surabaya (Ubaya). It is essential to determine the quantity and composition of all faculty’s solid waste generation. The Faculty of Engineering significantly contributes to the amount of waste generation in Ubaya. Research related to the Faculty of Engineering solid waste characteristics needs to be conducted. The purposes of the study were estimating the quantity of solid waste generation and observing the composition of solid waste at the Faculty of Engineering. The method of this research was a survey of waste generation. The estimation of waste generation was taken for 12 (twelve) days during April 2018. The study results showed that the average solid waste generation faculty of engineering was to be 19.26 kg/day, and the percentage of solid waste was found to be food waste 27%, plastic 25.8%, food packaging 17.6%, Paper 9.8%, and Residue 19.8%.

Environmental Assessment of Recyclable Waste Valorization in United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has one of the largest per capita carbon footprints and solid waste generation rates in the world. In preparation for the post-oil future, the UAE has planned to diversify its energy mix with renewable sources. Waste valorization, particularly material and energy recovery (MER), presents a promising solution for the waste and energy challenges of the future. It is thus of great importance to ensure that the shift to MER systems lead to a concomitant positive impact on the environment. This research aims to assess the environmental impacts of selected waste management strategies incorporating MER systems in the UAE. The study is focused on the valorization of recyclable wastes through incinerators and/or material recovery facilities (MRFs) compared to existing landfill practices. The mass burn strategy increased the energy produced by 88% compared to the combined MER strategy due to the high energy yield of recyclables. It was found that combining energy and material recovery was the optimum environmental option in terms of global warming and abiotic depletion. The mass burn strategy had a favourable positive impact on freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity and human toxicity, yet it resulted in the highest acidification potential (ACP) and eutrophication potential (ETP). On the other hand, the MRF strategy achieved positive ACP and ETP impacts. Overall, all MER-based strategies achieved better environmental performance compared to existing landfilling practices

Urbanization and solid waste generation in urban Longleng district of Nagaland:

Urbanisation is a growing issue in Longleng. So are the consequent solid waste generation and its management challenges. Population growth has a positive impact on urbanization process. This article is intended to explain the common problems facing public services today and the challenges faced by both the urban planners and the government. The paper reviews an overview of solid waste management generation in urban Longleng. Solid waste management which is already an immense task in urban Longleng is going to be more difficult with the expansion of urbanization, increase in consumerism and changing life style. The result shows that residential (59.5%), commercial (20%), institutional (16%), biomedical wastes (0.30%), construction and demolition (4.2%) contribute to solid waste generation. The current practices of dumping waste materials in urban areas have shaped serious environmental and public problems. Financial resources constraints, institutional policies weaknesses, and public indifference towards solid waste have made this situation worse. This research article evaluates the current practices prevalent to deal with this solid waste and problems associated with it. It also provides the measures to deal with this waste in a healthy and environmental manner so that it may prove a resource instead of waste. The results of this study will be of immense benefit for urban-related studies in small towns as well as for the urban planners in the district.