Somatic cell count as a monitoring system for hygienicmilk production in India: A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Jadhav ◽  
S. B. Tarate ◽  
M. Bhuvana ◽  
D. N. Das ◽  
B. R. Shome
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
The Developed Countries

The major alteration in the milk composition due to mastitis includes presence of somatic cells (neutrophills, monocytes, macrophages and mammary epithelial cells), bactericidal and bacteriostatic compounds and certain enzymes. Antibiotic residue violation and presence of foodborn pathogens with/without their toxins is another threat of immense importance. These changes in the milk account for the deterioration of the milk quality, risk of health hazards and also its acceptance in the international market. Of all these components, milk somatic cells are the single most widely used indicator of the udder health and mastitis. Somatic cell count (SCC) is used as a system for measurement of milk quality internationally. Strict legislation for monitoring the minimum SCC level is followed to ensure healthy milk in most of the developed countries. This paper introduces the concept of ‘Clean White Revolution’ and reviews the importance of SCC as a measure to ensure hygienic milk production in India. It also emphasizes upon a need to strengthen the existing legislations concerned.

scholarly journals Effects of polymorphism of the <i>GPAM</i> gene on milk quality traits and its relation to triglyceride metabolism in bovine mammary epithelial cells of dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Haibin Yu ◽  
Yaolu Zhao ◽  
Ambreen Iqbal ◽  
Lixin Xia ◽  
Zitong Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Abstract. Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM) catalyses the initial and rate-regulated first-stage pathway of glycerol lipid synthesis and helps to allocate acyl-CoA (acyl-coenzyme A) to triglyceride (TG) synthesis and away from degradation pathways in animal lipometabolism-related pathways. In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) and GPAM gene overexpression were used to examine the correlation between the expression of GPAM and adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Additionally, three novel polymorphisms were identified within the bovine key functional domain of GPAM with Sanger sequencing. The relationship between variants of the GPAM gene and milk quality traits of Chinese Holstein cows was then analysed using statistical methods. The results showed that knockdown of the GPAM gene significantly reduced the synthesis of triglycerides in the bMECs (p < 0.05), whereas the overexpression of the GPAM gene significantly increased the synthesis of TG (p < 0.05). In Chinese Holstein dairy cattle, the polymorphic locus of the GPAM gene E20-3386G > A was significantly correlated with fat, protein and somatic cell count (p < 0.05); I18-652A > G was significantly correlated with fat, total fat content, protein, dry matter and somatic cell count (p < 0.05); and I18-726A > G was significantly correlated with protein, milk yield, dry matter and somatic cell count (p < 0.05). Specifically, individuals with the AA genotype of the I18-652A > G and E20-3386G > A polymorphic loci had a higher milk fat percentage (p < 0.05). In summary, GPAM plays a pivotal role in the intracellular regulation of triglyceride, and its mutations could work as a competent molecular marker for selective breeding in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Effect of cleanliness and hygiene on occurence of mastitis in crossbred cows in West Bengal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Champak Bhakat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Crossbred Cows

Milk quality and quantity, Jersey crossbred, somatic cell count, Intra-mammary Infection, Farmers, Mastitis, Clean milk, subclinical mastitis, milk composition, Milk production, Mastitis management

scholarly journals Somatic cell count in milk of Finnsheep ewes and relation with production results

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-628
Author(s):  
Z. J. Tyszka ◽  
M. Kramarz
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Wool Yield ◽  
Better Than

Finnsheep ewes were tested for milk quality and productivity (lambs and wool) on an experimental farm in two years. Milk samples were taken in first, second and third month of lactation to qualify somatic cell count (SCC) and percentage of fat (F %), protein (P %) and lactose (L %). For the calculation, logarithmic SCC (LSCC) was used. Data concerning rearing of lambs and wool production were calculated with each sample during lactation. Differences in all tested traits were found. Season 1981 proved to be better than 1983. For all observations LSCC was 2.16 and milk composition as follows: F % 5.38, P % 5.42 and L % 4.74. From average ewe there were 2.42 born lambs (6.18 kg), 1.14 weaned lambs (20.09 kg) and 1.24 kg of wool for six months. Correlation coefficients between LSCC and traits tested were; F % 0.07, P % —0.02, L %— 0.53, wool yield — 0.09, number of weaned lambs — 0.01, weight of weaned lambs 0.00. For all above coefficients the error was 0.05. Those tests concerned limited number of animals and will be continued.

scholarly journals Influence of clean milk production on incidence of sub-clinical mastitis in cows at lower Gangetic regions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Champak Bhakat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Quality

Milk quality and quantity, Jersey crossbred, somatic cell count, Intra-mammary Infection, Farmers, Mastitis, Clean milk, subclinical mastitis, milk composition, Milk production, Mastitis management

Production of hydrogen peroxide by a small molecular mass compound in milk from Holstein cows with high and low milk somatic cell count

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senkiti Sakai ◽  
Eriko Nonobe ◽  
Takahiro Satow ◽  
Kazuhiko Imakawa ◽  
Kentaro Nagaoka
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Mastitis is the most frequent and prevalent production disease in dairy herds in developed countries. Based on a milk somatic cell count (SCC) of either >300 000 or <200 000 cells/ml in this study, we defined the quarter as either inflamed or uninflamed, respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC) of milk was used as an indicator of udder epithelial cell damage. We determined the amount of H2O2produced by utilizing a small molecular weight compound in milk, and examined the characteristics of H2O2production and EC in milk from inflamed and uninflamed quarters. In cows with milk of delivery grade (control population), H2O2production and EC were 3·6±1·3 nmol/ml and 5·4±0·4 mS/cm (mean±sd), respectively. In 37 inflamed quarter milk samples, the production of H2O2was 1·9±1·0 nmol/ml and was significantly smaller than that in the control population (P<0·01). Production of H2O2was moderately but significantly correlated with EC (r<−0·71). In 20 cows with inflamed quarters, the production of H2O2in milk from inflamed quarters was significantly smaller than that in milk from uninflamed quarters (P<0·01). In 18 out of 20 cows, milk from inflamed quarters showed the smallest H2O2production among all tested quarters in each cow. We conclude that inflammation caused a decrease in H2O2production in milk. In this study, we present parameters for evaluating the lactoperoxidase/H2O2/thiocyanate antibacterial defence system in bovine milk.

scholarly journals Effect of somatic cell count on dairy products: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukta Talukder ◽  
HM Manir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Endogenous Enzymes ◽  
Fluid Milk

Somatic cells are the most essential factors naturally present in milk, and somatic cell count (SCC) is used as an indicator of monitoring mastitis incidence in the herd and also to assess the quality of milk. In addition, SCC is frequently used to determine quality payments to dairy producers. The SCC is directly related to get maximum milk production from individual cow and a lower SCC indicates better animal health, as somatic cells originate only from inside the animal's udder. SCC monitoring is important because as the number of somatic cells increases, milk yield is likely to fall, primarily due to the damage to milk-producing tissue in the udder caused by mastitis pathogens and the toxins they produce, particularly when epithelial cells are lost. Keeping low SSC will allow good quality more raw milk and provide a better product to milk processors whether used as fluid milk or converted to milk based products. Somatic cells containing lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes lead to degrade major nutrients fats and proteins, respectively. Elevated SCC is related to udder inflammation, which leads to alter the normal microbial count and physicochemical parameters of milk, as well as the quality of heat treated fluid milk and milk based product. The objective of this review is to discuss on the SSC and endogenous enzymes released from somatic cells in raw milk as well as effect of somatic cells count and their endogenous enzymes in processed milk and milk based products.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 1-9

scholarly journals Effect of somatic cell count and lactation stage on sheep milk quality

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianchi ◽  
Carmen Casoli ◽  
Mariano Pauselli ◽  
Elena Budelli ◽  
Anna Caroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Lactation Stage
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