Clinical Signs, Activity Indices and Prognostic Indicators in Dogs with Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sandhya Bhavani ◽  
S. Kavitha ◽  
S. Vairamuthu ◽  
K. Vijayarani ◽  
Abid Ali Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Histologic Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background: Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes a set of diseases characterized by the presence of recurrent gastrointestinal clinical signs and histologic evidence of intestinal inflammation. Diagnosis can only be made by excluding other possible causes of enteritis. Since the diagnosis of this disease is of great challenge to the veterinarians and currently very little work have been carried out in India, the present study was planned and conducted to study the clinicopathological changes and prognostic indicators of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs.Methods: After a detailed clinical, laboratoty and endoscopic examination, 33 IBD dogs with signs of chronic gastrointestinal disorders and histologic evidence of mucosal lymphocytic plasmacytic infiltration were selected for the study.Result: Moderate to severe form of IBD with haematochezia as a chief complaint was predominantly recorded. Haematobiochemical changes were not remarkable except a rise in serum alkaline phosphatase level. Decreased IgA expression was observed in serum by flowcytometry indicating impaired mucosal immunity in IBD dogs. It was observed that, increased clinical inflammatory bowel disease activity index score (CIBDAI), increased C-Reactive Protein, decreased cobalamin and folate may act as negative predictors in idiopathic IBD.

scholarly journals Proposed grading scheme for inflammatory bowel disease in ferrets and correlation with clinical signs

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Paola Cazzini ◽  
Megan K. Watson ◽  
Nicole Gottdenker ◽  
Joerg Mayer ◽  
Drury Reavill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Crypt Abscess ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of companion animals, including ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo). Clinical signs of IBD are nonspecific, and intestinal biopsies are necessary for a definitive diagnosis. A grading scheme has not been established for ferrets. Additionally, the association between histologic severity and clinical signs in ferrets is unknown. We evaluated enteric samples from ferrets diagnosed with IBD, compared histologic grading schemes, and correlated the results with the severity of clinical signs. Enteric sections from 23 ferrets with IBD were analyzed using grading schemes for intestinal inflammation in cats and dogs, and a correlation with clinical signs was evaluated. After dividing the histologic samples into groups based on the severity of clinical signs, main histologic differences were identified. Age and sex were also assessed for correlation with clinical signs. No significant correlation was found between the 2 grading schemes and clinical signs (rho = 0.02, p = 0.89; rho = 0.26, p = 0.18, respectively). Degree of villus fusion, hemorrhage and/or fibrin, epithelial damage, inflammation density, and crypt abscess formation were used retrospectively to create a ferret IBD grading scheme, which was significantly correlated with the severity of clinical signs (rho = 0.48, p = 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between age ( p = 0.04) and females ( p = 0.007) with severity of clinical signs. Our ferret grading scheme may have clinical utility in providing a more objective, consistent evaluation of IBD in ferrets.

scholarly journals Pilot study: duodenal MDR1 and COX2 gene expression in cats with inflammatory bowel disease and low-grade alimentary lymphoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Castro-López ◽  
Mariana Teles ◽  
Camino Fierro ◽  
Karin Allenspach ◽  
Marta Planellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Chronic Enteropathy ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Objectives Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) encodes a protein called P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which serves as an efflux pump membrane protein implicated in intestinal homeostasis and drug resistance. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of proinflammatory prostaglandins, tumourigenesis and in mucosal defence. Despite the importance of MDR1 and COX2, changes in their mRNA levels have not been studied in cats with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and low-grade alimentary lymphoma (LGAL). The present study aimed to determine the mRNA levels of MDR1 and COX2 in cats with IBD and LGAL, and to evaluate their correlation with clinical signs, histological severity and between genes. Methods Cats diagnosed with IBD (n = 20) and LGAL (n = 9) between 2008 and 2015 were included in the current study. Three healthy animals composed the healthy control cats group in which endoscopy was performed immediately before the ovariohysterectomy. All duodenal biopsy samples were obtained by endoscopy. Feline chronic enteropathy activity index was calculated for all cases. IBD histopathology was classified according to severity. MDR1 and COX2 mRNA levels were determined by absolute reverse transcriptase-quantitative real-time PCR. Results Statistically significant differences were observed for MDR1 and COX2 mRNA levels between the IBD and LGAL groups. No correlations were observed between molecular gene expression, feline chronic enteropathy activity index and histological grading for IBD, and between MDR1 and COX2 genes. However, a positive statistically significant correlation was observed between MDR1 and COX2 expression in the duodenum of cats. Conclusions and relevance MDR1 and COX2 gene expression is increased in cats with LGAL compared with cats with IBD. The control group tended to have lower values than both diseased groups. These results suggest that these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD or LGAL in cats.

Possible causal association of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease with thrombocytopenia in the dog

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ridgway ◽  
AE Jergens ◽  
Y Niyo
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Causal Association ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Immunological Regulation ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are commonly observed in humans but are poorly documented in companion animals. Thrombocytopenia is an uncommon but well-documented extraintestinal hematological abnormality in humans; however, there are no previous reports of IBD and concurrent thrombocytopenia in the veterinary literature. Seven dogs having idiopathic IBD and concurrent thrombocytopenia were identified and evaluated retrospectively (this represents an incidence of 2.5% in the authors' IBD population). Obvious known causes for thrombocytopenia were eliminated by diagnostic testing as deemed appropriate by the clinician of record. Thrombocytopenia resolved with treatment for the IBD in some but not all patients. This is similar to reports in humans. Thrombocytopenia typically appears to be subclinical, and the severity does not correlate with the degree of intestinal inflammation defined histopathologically. However, quantitative platelet counts should be monitored during IBD therapy, as additional immunosuppression may be required to treat thrombocytopenia, despite resolution of gastrointestinal signs. It is speculated that thrombocytopenia may be causally associated with canine IBD, possibly secondary to immune stimulation from lumenal bacterial antigens, altered immunological regulation, or both.

scholarly journals Alternative Medicine Products as a Novel Treatment Strategy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 953-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey N. Jackson ◽  
Yuning Zhou ◽  
Suimin Qiu ◽  
Qingding Wang ◽  
B. Mark Evers
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects the mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract; the etiology is unknown and treatment is directed at systemic immunosuppression. Natural products, including medicinal herbs, have provided approximately half of the drugs developed for clinical use over the past 20 years. The purpose of our current study was to determine the effects of a novel combination of herbal extracts on intestinal inflammation using a murine model of IBD. Female Swiss-Webster mice were randomized to receive normal water or 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) drinking water to induce colitis. Mice were treated with either a novel combination of herbal aqueous extracts or vehicle control per os (po) or per rectum (pr) every 24 hours for 7–8 days. Disease activity index score (DAI) was determined daily; mice were sacrificed and colons were analyzed by H & E staining, MPO assay, and cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6) ELISAs. Mice treated with the combination of herbal extracts, either po or pr, had significantly less rectal bleeding and lower DAI scores compared to the vehicle-treated group. Moreover, colonic ulceration, leukocytic infiltration, and cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-6) were also decreased in the colons of herbal-treated mice, reflected by H & E staining, MPO assay, and cytokine ELISA. Treatment with the combination of medicinal herbs decreases leukocyte infiltration and mucosal ulceration, ameliorating the course of acute colonic inflammation. This herbal remedy may prove to be a novel and safe therapeutic alternative in the treatment of IBD.

Rapid Fecal Calprotectin Level Assessment and the SIBDQ Score Can Accurately Detect Active Mucosal Inammation in IBD Patients in Clinical Remission: a Prospective Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodor Voiosu ◽  
Andreea Bengus ◽  
Roxana Dinu ◽  
Andrei M. Voiosu ◽  
Paul Balanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Background & Aims: Mucosal healing is an important predictor of disease-related outcome in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, including those in clinical remission. However, colonoscopy is an invasive procedure and many patients decline repeated endoscopic examinations. We aimed to assess whether noninvasive biomarkers could accurately detect endoscopic mucosal inflammatory activity in IBD patients in clinical remission.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study on IBD patients in clinical remission at Colentina Hospital, Bucharest. Clinical activity was assessed using the Mayo score and Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI), quality of life was assessed using the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin (FC) levels were determined. All patients underwent ileo-colonoscopy to assess mucosal inflammatory activity.Results: 48 patients were included in this study, with 67% showing endoscopic disease activity. SIBD questionnaire and FC performed well as noninvasive markers of intestinal inflammation (AUROC 0.78 and 0.77, respectively), while CRP could not accurately predict endoscopic disease activity. Fecal calprotectin levels > 30 ľg/g showed a 93% sensitivity and a 50% specificity for detecting inflammatory changes of the mucosa while a combined test using FC > 30µg/g and a SIBDQ score < 6 achieved 81.2% sensitivity and 75% specificity, respectively, in detecting active endoscopic disease.Conclusion: Fecal calprotectin and SIBDQ have good diagnostic accuracy in detecting mucosal inflammatory changes in IBD patients in clinical remission. Combining simple, noninvasive tests such as the SIBDQ and FC levels appears to be a practical method for monitoring disease activity in these patients, possibly reducing the need for repeat endoscopic examinations.

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