scholarly journals Proposed grading scheme for inflammatory bowel disease in ferrets and correlation with clinical signs

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Paola Cazzini ◽  
Megan K. Watson ◽  
Nicole Gottdenker ◽  
Joerg Mayer ◽  
Drury Reavill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Crypt Abscess ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of companion animals, including ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo). Clinical signs of IBD are nonspecific, and intestinal biopsies are necessary for a definitive diagnosis. A grading scheme has not been established for ferrets. Additionally, the association between histologic severity and clinical signs in ferrets is unknown. We evaluated enteric samples from ferrets diagnosed with IBD, compared histologic grading schemes, and correlated the results with the severity of clinical signs. Enteric sections from 23 ferrets with IBD were analyzed using grading schemes for intestinal inflammation in cats and dogs, and a correlation with clinical signs was evaluated. After dividing the histologic samples into groups based on the severity of clinical signs, main histologic differences were identified. Age and sex were also assessed for correlation with clinical signs. No significant correlation was found between the 2 grading schemes and clinical signs (rho = 0.02, p = 0.89; rho = 0.26, p = 0.18, respectively). Degree of villus fusion, hemorrhage and/or fibrin, epithelial damage, inflammation density, and crypt abscess formation were used retrospectively to create a ferret IBD grading scheme, which was significantly correlated with the severity of clinical signs (rho = 0.48, p = 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between age ( p = 0.04) and females ( p = 0.007) with severity of clinical signs. Our ferret grading scheme may have clinical utility in providing a more objective, consistent evaluation of IBD in ferrets.

Possible causal association of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease with thrombocytopenia in the dog

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ridgway ◽  
AE Jergens ◽  
Y Niyo
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Causal Association ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Immunological Regulation ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are commonly observed in humans but are poorly documented in companion animals. Thrombocytopenia is an uncommon but well-documented extraintestinal hematological abnormality in humans; however, there are no previous reports of IBD and concurrent thrombocytopenia in the veterinary literature. Seven dogs having idiopathic IBD and concurrent thrombocytopenia were identified and evaluated retrospectively (this represents an incidence of 2.5% in the authors' IBD population). Obvious known causes for thrombocytopenia were eliminated by diagnostic testing as deemed appropriate by the clinician of record. Thrombocytopenia resolved with treatment for the IBD in some but not all patients. This is similar to reports in humans. Thrombocytopenia typically appears to be subclinical, and the severity does not correlate with the degree of intestinal inflammation defined histopathologically. However, quantitative platelet counts should be monitored during IBD therapy, as additional immunosuppression may be required to treat thrombocytopenia, despite resolution of gastrointestinal signs. It is speculated that thrombocytopenia may be causally associated with canine IBD, possibly secondary to immune stimulation from lumenal bacterial antigens, altered immunological regulation, or both.

Clinical Signs, Activity Indices and Prognostic Indicators in Dogs with Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sandhya Bhavani ◽  
S. Kavitha ◽  
S. Vairamuthu ◽  
K. Vijayarani ◽  
Abid Ali Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Histologic Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background: Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes a set of diseases characterized by the presence of recurrent gastrointestinal clinical signs and histologic evidence of intestinal inflammation. Diagnosis can only be made by excluding other possible causes of enteritis. Since the diagnosis of this disease is of great challenge to the veterinarians and currently very little work have been carried out in India, the present study was planned and conducted to study the clinicopathological changes and prognostic indicators of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs.Methods: After a detailed clinical, laboratoty and endoscopic examination, 33 IBD dogs with signs of chronic gastrointestinal disorders and histologic evidence of mucosal lymphocytic plasmacytic infiltration were selected for the study.Result: Moderate to severe form of IBD with haematochezia as a chief complaint was predominantly recorded. Haematobiochemical changes were not remarkable except a rise in serum alkaline phosphatase level. Decreased IgA expression was observed in serum by flowcytometry indicating impaired mucosal immunity in IBD dogs. It was observed that, increased clinical inflammatory bowel disease activity index score (CIBDAI), increased C-Reactive Protein, decreased cobalamin and folate may act as negative predictors in idiopathic IBD.

scholarly journals Diet–Microbiota Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1533
Author(s):  
Kohei Sugihara ◽  
Nobuhiko Kamada
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the precise etiology of IBD is largely unknown, it is widely thought that diet contributes to the development of IBD. Diet shapes the composition of the gut microbiota, which plays critical roles in intestinal homeostasis. In contrast, intestinal inflammation induces gut dysbiosis and may affect the use of dietary nutrients by host cells and the gut microbiota. The interaction of diet and the gut microbiota is perturbed in patients with IBD. Herein, we review the current knowledge of diet and gut microbiota interaction in intestinal homeostasis. We also discuss alterations of diet and gut microbiota interaction that influence the outcome and the nutritional treatment of IBD. Understanding the complex relationships between diet and the gut microbiota provides crucial insight into the pathogenesis of IBD and advances the development of new therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals The food additive EDTA aggravates colitis and colon carcinogenesis in mouse models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayko Evstatiev ◽  
Adam Cervenka ◽  
Tina Austerlitz ◽  
Gunther Deim ◽  
Maximilian Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Inflammatory Models ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease is a group of conditions with rising incidence caused by genetic and environmental factors including diet. The chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) is widely used by the food and pharmaceutical industry among numerous other applications, leading to a considerable environmental exposure. Numerous safety studies in healthy animals have revealed no relevant toxicity by EDTA. Here we show that, in the presence of intestinal inflammation, EDTA is surprisingly capable of massively exacerbating inflammation and even inducing colorectal carcinogenesis at doses that are presumed to be safe. This toxicity is evident in two biologically different mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease, the AOM/DSS and the IL10−/− model. The mechanism of this effect may be attributed to disruption of intercellular contacts as demonstrated by in vivo confocal endomicroscopy, electron microscopy and cell culture studies. Our findings add EDTA to the list of food additives that might be detrimental in the presence of intestinal inflammation, but the toxicity of which may have been missed by regulatory safety testing procedures that utilize only healthy models. We conclude that the current use of EDTA especially in food and pharmaceuticals should be reconsidered. Moreover, we suggest that intestinal inflammatory models should be implemented in the testing of food additives to account for the exposure of this primary organ to environmental and dietary stress.

NOD-Like Receptors: Guardians of Intestinal Mucosal Barriers

Physiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Kathrin Claes ◽  
Jun Yu Zhou ◽  
Dana J. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Potential Function ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Gut Homeostasis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors, which are critically involved in mucosal immune defense. The association of the NLR, NOD2, with inflammatory bowel disease first pointed to the NLRs potential function as guardians of the intestinal barrier. Since then, several studies have emphasized the importance of NLRs in maintaining gut homeostasis and intestinal infections, and in shaping the microbiota. In this review, we will highlight the function of NLRs in intestinal inflammation.

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