scholarly journals ​Effect of Mixed Crops on Soil Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Lettuce Cultivation (Lactuca sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilyana Koleva ◽  
Ivanka Mitova
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Mixed Crops ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Background: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an annual plant with very rapid growth and a major species in the assortment of leafy vegetables. Plant parasitic nematodes are economically important pests of leafy vegetables in monoculture and intensive organic fertilization. The simultaneous cultivation of several plant species in the same area can overcome the disadvantages of crops from homogeneous crops. The purpose of this work is to determine the quantitative changes in soil nematode communities in the joint cultivation of medicinal and vegetable species. Methods: The experiments were carried out in a vegetation house. To create mixed crops, the plants the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cutivar ‘Bohemia’, tagetes (Tagetes sp. L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and arugula (Eruca sativa L. Cav.) were used. Result: The results of the nematological analysis showed a decrease in the number of nematodes when mixed growing of lettuce with arugula, calendula and tagetes. The mixed growing of lettuce and calendula resulted in a significant reduction in nematodes, with a Pf/Pi value of 0.3. As a result of the decrease in the nematode population, there was an increase in lettuce yields when mixed grown with arugula and calendula, compared to when grown alone. The study of plant parasitic nematodes based on comparative evaluation of different combinations of plants shows that combinations of crops can be applied as a control method in integrated plant protection systems.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Field Nematode Communities over a Decade of Cotton Production in Australia

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Oliver Knox ◽  
David Backhouse ◽  
Vadakattu Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Production System ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Genetically Modified Cotton ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Soil nematode populations have the potential to indicate ecosystem disturbances. In response to questions about nematode interactions with soilborne diseases and whether genetically modified cotton altered nematode populations, several fields in the Namoi cotton growing area of Australia were sampled between 2005 and 2007. No significant interactions were observed, but nematodes numbers were low and postulated to be due to the use of the nematicide aldicarb. Aldicarb was removed from the system in 2011 and in 2015 funding allowed some fields to be resampled to determine if there had been a change in the nematode numbers following aldicarb removal. No significant changes in the total nematode numbers were observed, implying that the removal of aldicarb had little impact on the total nematode population size. However, an increase in plant parasitic nematodes was observed in both fields, but the species identified and the levels of change were not considered a threat to cotton production nor driven solely by altered pesticide chemistry. Additionally, greater numbers of higher order coloniser-persisters in the 2015 samples suggests that the current cotton production system is less disruptive to the soil ecosystem than that of a decade ago.

scholarly journals Composition and vertical distribution of free living and plant parasitic nematodes in hop gardens in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Čermák ◽  
V. Gaar ◽  
L. Háněl ◽  
K. Široká
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractComposition and vertical distribution of soil nematode communities within soil profile were investigated in eight hop gardens in Czech Republic. In total, the presence of 78 nematode genera was confirmed. Genus Drilocephalobus (Coomans & Coomans, 1990) is new for fauna of the Czech Republic. The highest abundance of soil nematodes was found at a depth of 0–10 cm and declined with increasing depth of soil profile. The most dominant genus was Bitylenchus, followed by genera Acrobeloides, Ditylenchus, Chiloplacus and Cervidelus. Ten genera of plant parasitic nematodes were recorded: Bitylenchus (with prevalence of B. dubius), Helicotylenchus, Heterodera (with absolute prevalence of H. humuli), Geocenamus, Longidorella, Longidorus (only L. elongatus), Merlinius (with prevalence of M. brevidens), Paratylenchus and Pratylenchus. Low population densities of predators and omnivores, low values of the community indices (MI, ΣMI, SI, and CI), and high values of NCR, EI, and PPI/MI ratio indicated disturbed nematode communities in hop gardens and bacteria-dominated decomposition pathways in the soil food web.

scholarly journals Plants Specifically Modulate the Microbiome of Root-Lesion Nematodes in the Rhizosphere, Affecting Their Fitness

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elhady ◽  
Olivera Topalović ◽  
Holger Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major constraint on agricultural production. They significantly impede crop yield. To complete their parasitism, they need to locate, disguise, and interact with plant signals exuded in the rhizosphere of the host plant. A specific subset of the soil microbiome can attach to the surface of nematodes in a specific manner. We hypothesized that host plants recruit species of microbes as helpers against attacking nematode species, and that these helpers differ among plant species. We investigated to what extend the attached microbial species are determined by plant species, their root exudates, and how these microbes affect nematodes. We conditioned the soil microbiome in the rhizosphere of different plant species, then employed culture-independent and culture-dependent methods to study microbial attachment to the cuticle of the phytonematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Community fingerprints of nematode-attached fungi and bacteria showed that the plant species govern the microbiome associated with the nematode cuticle. Bacteria isolated from the cuticle belonged to Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, and Firmicutes. The isolates Microbacterium sp. i.14, Lysobacter capsici i.17, and Alcaligenes sp. i.37 showed the highest attachment rates to the cuticle. The isolates Bacillus cereus i.24 and L. capsici i.17 significantly antagonized P. penetrans after attachment. Significantly more bacteria attached to P. penetrans in microbiome suspensions from bulk soil or oat rhizosphere compared to Ethiopian mustard rhizosphere. However, the latter caused a better suppression of the nematode. Conditioning the cuticle of P. penetrans with root exudates significantly decreased the number of Microbacterium sp. i.14 attaching to the cuticle, suggesting induced changes of the cuticle structure. These findings will lead to a more knowledge-driven exploitation of microbial antagonists of plant-parasitic nematodes for plant protection.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK KOMUNITAS NEMATODA DI PADANG GOLF SUKARAME (PGS) BANDAR LAMPUNG

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
I Gede Swibawa ◽  
Titik Nur Aeny
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Green Collar ◽  
Plant Parasitic

ABSTRACTCharacteristic of  Nematodes Community at PGS Golf Course Bandar Lampung. Golf course is a unique ecosystem where plant parasitic nematodes inhabit and become  important pest because they reduce the quality of the grass.  The pest problems on golf course can be indicated by its characteristics of nematode community.  Survey on nematodes community at PGS Golf Course Bandar Lampung was conducted from March to December 2004.  The objective was to study the characteristics of nematode community in the part of golf courses hole (green, collar, apron, and fairway).  Soil samples were taken from five holes each of it consists of green, collar, apron, and fairway, respectiveley.  Nematodes extraction was done in Laboratory of Arthropod Pest, Department of Plant Protection University of Lampung.   The result showed that at least 50 nematodes genera of 28 families inhabit PGS. The number of plant parasitic nematode genera was higher than the free-living one.  The characteristic of nematodes community on green and collar was different than on faiway. Nematode abundance and diversity on green and collar were higher than on fairway.  Based on abundance of nematode feeding group, maturity index of free-living nematodes (MI) and that of plant parasitic nematodes (PPI), green and collar part seemed to be more favorable to plant parasitic nematodes than free-living nematodes. The contrary happened for fairway.  Four most dominant genera of plant parasitic nematodes on PGS golf course were Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Criconemella, and Xiphinema.  

scholarly journals Controlling plant-parasitic nematodes in sandy soil in the Senegal River Valley using composts based on potentially nematicidal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 14892-14901
Author(s):  
Sidy Diakhate ◽  
Florence Khady Ngom ◽  
Saïdou Nourou Sall
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Senegal River ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Objective: This study in the Senegal River Basin evaluated the effect of three types of compost, made from manure combined with straw, Calotropis procera (Sodom Apple) or Crotalaria juncea (Indian Hemp) , on plant-parasitic as well as free-living nematodes and on the growth of tomato plants. Methodology and results: This study was performed in a greenhouse where a Mongal tomato was grown during 3 months in a soil that had been abandoned due to infestation by nematodes. The treatments were composts of straw, Calotropis procera Crotalaria juncea and control without compost. The soils amended with compost had significantly higher nematode abundances than the unamended. The compost with Crotalaria juncea gave the highest abundance. The soils with compost also had a much lower proportion of plant-parasitic nematodes than the control soil and much higher proportion of bacterivorous nematodes. The height of the plants was positively correlated with the proportion of bacterivorous nematodes and negatively correlated with the proportion of plant-parasitic nematodes. Conclusions and application of the results: The influence on the soil nematode community of compost materials is associated more with their phenol content than the total organic carbon. The Calotropis procera and Crotalaria juncea encourage the growth of the bacterivorous nematode community, which plays an important role in maintaining soil fertility, and the growth of omnivorous and predatory nematodes while limiting the growth of the plant-parasitic nematode community. The results suggested that the compost with Crotalaria juncea seems to be worthwhile pursuing as it maintained the equilibrium between nematode feeding guilds while suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes. Keywords: Compost, Crotalaria, Calotropis, Straw, Nematode, sandy soil.

scholarly journals Suppression of plant parasitic nematodes in pastoral soils amended with chitin

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L Bell ◽  
R.N. Watson ◽  
S.U. Sarathchandra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Nematode Fauna

White clover and perennial ryegrass plants were grown in pots containing a sandy soil amended with chitin Soil nematode numbers were examined after 6 weeks of plant growth Amendment with chitin significantly reduced the abundance of Heterodera trifolii in white clover roots and Pratylenchus sp in perennial ryegrass roots Abundance of Paratrichodorus minor was significantly reduced by chitin amendment compared to unamended controls The total nematode fauna responded to chitin amendment with large increases in abundance

scholarly journals Nematode Management in the Strawberry Fields of Southern Spain

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Talavera ◽  
Luis Miranda ◽  
José Antonio Gómez-Mora ◽  
María Dolores Vela ◽  
Soledad Verdejo-Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

(1) Background: Spain is the sixth strawberry producer in the world, with about 6500 ha producing more than 350,000 tons, and an annual commercial value about 390 million €. Stunted and dead strawberry plants are frequently associated with plant-parasitic nematodes, but nematode diseases have not been characterized to date in the country. (2) Methods: A poll on the perception of the impact of nematodes on strawberry production was carried out by face-to-face interviews with farm advisors. In addition, nematological field surveys were carried out at the end of the growing season in 2017 and 2018 to determine prevalence and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes in strawberry crops. The host suitability to Meloidogyne hapla of seventeen strawberry cultivars and the tolerance limit to M. hapla at progressively higher initial population densities (Pi) were assessed in pot experiments in a growth chamber. Comparison of the relative efficacies of several soil disinfestation methods in controlling nematode populations (M. hapla and Pratylenchus penetrans) was carried out in experimental field trials for twelve consecutive years. (3) Results: Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus penetrans, and Hemicycliophora spp. were the main plant-parasitic nematodes in the strawberry fields in South Spain. Root-knot nematodes were found in 90% of the fields, being M. hapla the most prevalent species (71% of the fields). A tolerance limit of 0.2 M. hapla juveniles per g of soil was estimated for strawberry, and currently cropped strawberry cultivars did not show resistance to M. hapla. Nematode population densities were reduced by more than 70% by soil fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene, dazomet, dimethyl-disulfide, and methyl iodide. The efficacy of metam-sodium in reducing nematode populations was about 50% and that of chloropicrin, furfural, and sodium-azide, less than 40%. Combination of solarization with organic manures (biosolarization) reduced soil nematode populations by 68–73%. (4) Conclusions: Plant-parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, and Hemicycliophora) are widely distributed in the strawberry fields of Southern Spain. Strawberry is a poor host for M. hapla with a tolerance limit of 0.2 J2 per g of soil, and low population increases in cropping cycles of 7–8 months. Strawberry cultivars show a range of susceptibility and tolerance to M. hapla, but no resistance is found. Nematodes are effectively controlled by chemical fumigation of soils, but soil biosolarization is equally effective, and therefore, can be proposed as a sustainable alternative for pathogen control in strawberry cultivation.

Soil nematode community changes associated with compost amendments

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Renčo ◽  
Nicola Sasanelli ◽  
Trifone D'Addabbo ◽  
Ingrid Papajová
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Five composts (C1: fresh olive pomace, straw, chicken manure, urea; C2: fresh olive pomace, lettuce residues, cow manure, straw, sawdust; C3: sewage sludge, municipal green residues; C4: grass, leaves, tree branches, soil; C5: by-product from penicillin production (mycelium), straw and sawdust) were tested in a pot experiment to investigate their short-term effect on the nematode community of a grassland soil. Composts were mixed with soil at the rates of 10, 25, 50 and 100 g (kg soil)–1 and barley was sown in each potting mixture after a 2-month decomposition period. Nematodes were extracted from each pot 5 months after barley sowing, identified at genus level and grouped into bacterial, fungal and root fungal feeders, predators, omnivores and plant parasites. Bacterial feeders, predators and omnivores were favoured by amendments with composted penicillin substrate and partly by compost from olive pomace, whereas composts from green wastes and sewage sludge suppressed these trophic groups except for predators. All compost treatments suppressed fungal feeders as well as significantly reducing the density of plant-parasitic nematodes compared with non-amended soil. The highest suppressiveness on plant-parasitic nematodes was found for the composts from urban green residues, penicillin substrate and olive pomace plus cow manure. Suppressive effect was hypothesised to be related to ammoniacal nitrogen content of the composts. Composts from fungal mycelium or olive pomace seem to be the most suitable for application in nematode management strategies due to their low impact on beneficial trophic groups.

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