scholarly journals ​Bio-efficacy of Chemical Insecticides and Biopesticides against Gram Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Spotted Pod Borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) on Greengram, [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

Author(s):  
V.P. Meena ◽  
S.K. Khinchi ◽  
D.K. Bairwa ◽  
Akhter Hussain ◽  
K.C. Kumawat ◽  
...  

Background: Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and spotted pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) are important pod boring insects infesting the greengram, [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] throughout the India. A number of synthetic insecticides are known to be effective against these borers but most of them have been phased out as a result of high toxicity to the pollinators and other biotic fauna, therefore, a group of new chemical insecticides with biopesticides have been tested for bioefficacy against these insect pests. Method: A field experiment was conducted at S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner, Rajasthan during kharif, 2018 in randomized block design (RBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The observations were recorded of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and spotted pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) borers one day before and 1, 3, 7 and 15 days after application of insecticides and biopesticides in each the spray from ten randomly selected and tagged plants/ plot. From the data recorded per cent reduction in population over control was calculated. The per cent pod damage was calculated by counting damaged pods out of healthy pods of greengram. Result: The spinosad 45 SC (0.01%) proved to be most effective, indoxacarb 14.5 SC (0.01%) followed by fipronil 5 SC (0.01%), whereas, treatments of neem leaf extract (10.00%), Beauveria bassiana 1.15 WP 1X108 spore/ l proved to be least effective. The maximum seed yield of 9.13 q ha–1 was obtained in the plots treated with spinosad 45 SC (0.01%) followed by indoxacarb 14.5 SC (0.01%) (8.89 q ha-1), fipronil 5 SC (0.01%) (8.60 q ha-1).

Author(s):  
S.K. Khinchi ◽  
K.C. Kumawat

Background: Pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) are important pod boring insects infesting the pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp. throughout the world. A number of synthetic insecticides are known to be effective against these borers but most of them have been phased out as a result of high toxicity to the pollinators and other biotic agencies, therefore, a new molecule, chlorantraniliprole has been tested for bioefficacy against these insect pests.Methods: The experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2017 in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 7 treatments and 3 replications. Observations were made to record pod borer, H. armigera and pod fly, M. obtusa maggot present before treatment imposition and 3, 7 and 14 days after each spray from five randomly selected and tagged plants/ plot. From the data recorded per cent reduction in population over control was calculated. The per cent pod damage was calculated by counting damaged pods out of healthy pods. The numbers of coccinellids and spiders were recorded on 5 randomly selected plants before treatment and 7 and 14 days after spray (DAS) in each treatment.Result: The chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC was found most effective @ 200 ml/ha which was found at par with chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 150 ml/ha and chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (Market sample) @ 150 ml/ha for suppression pod borer, H. armigera and pod fly, M. obtusa. The yield was maximum and at par in the chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 200 ml/ha (18.25 q ha-1), chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 150 ml/ha (17.82 q ha-1) and chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (Market sample) @ 150 ml/ha (17.42 q ha-1). Predatory population of coccinellids and spiders after imposing the treatments declined to some extent at seven days after treatment, however, increased after 14 days. Based on the results, the use of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 150 ml/ha was most effective to control pod borer and pod fly in pigeonpea crop.


Author(s):  
Sagar Anand Pandey ◽  
S. B. Das

A field experiment on evaluation of biopesticides against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hub.) on pigeon pea was carried out during kharif season of 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Gram pod borer is a major pest of pigeon pea in India. For the management of this pest seven biopesticides were tested along with control. Among the biopesticides, Beauveria bassiana @ 1 liter / ha (1x1012 spores/ml) was found to be most effective biopesticide as it recorded lowest larval population (6.68 larvae / 5plants). The highest larval population was recorded in control (12.61 larvae /5 plants). The least effective treatment was Paecilomyces fumosoreseus (9.31 larvae /5 plants). Similar trend was observed in the grain yield as 1667.55 kg/ha, 709.41kg/ha and 1025.21kg/ha , respectively.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
IG.A.A. INDRAYANI ◽  
SIWI SUMARTINI

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Hingga kini teknik perakitan varietas kapas tahan hama masih<br />dilakukan secara konvensional berdasarkan beberapa karakter morfologi<br />tanaman, seperti: bulu daun, daun okra, braktea berpilin, nektar, dan<br />gosipol tinggi. Karakter-karakter ini diketahui erat hubungannya dengan<br />ketahanan terhadap hama, khususnya H. armigera. Berkaitan dengan<br />serangan H. armigera pada buah, diduga ada bagian-bagian buah kapas<br />yang berkontribusi secara langsung pada serangan hama ini, misalnya<br />braktea buah. Namun demikian, besarnya pengaruh braktea terhadap<br />kerusakan buah kapas perlu dipelajari dalam upaya meminimalkan<br />kerusakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran<br />braktea terhadap tingkat kerusakan buah oleh H. armigera pada beberapa<br />aksesi kapas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian<br />Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, di Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur<br />mulai bulan Januari hingga Desember 2006. Sebanyak 18 aksesi dari 50<br />aksesi kapas dengan berbagai variasi ukuran braktea digunakan sebagai<br />perlakuan. Setiap perlakuan (aksesi) disusun dalam rancangan acak<br />kelompok (RAK), dengan tiga kali ulangan. Lima tanaman kapas dari<br />masing-masing aksesi ditentukan secara acak, dan sebanyak 5 buah kapas<br />muda (diameter ± 4 cm) dipetik dari masing-masing tanaman sampel,<br />kemudian dibawa ke laboratorium untuk diukur luas braktea dan buahnya.<br />Selain itu dilakukan pula pengamatan kerusakan buah dan hasil kapas<br />berbiji di lapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran braktea<br />berkorelasi positif dengan tingkat kerusakan buah (R 2 = 0,9014), sehingga<br />braktea berukuran besar dan lebar serta menutupi buah secara total<br />berpotensi mengalami kerusakan akibat serangan H. armigera lebih tinggi<br />dibanding braktea berukuran kecil dan sempit. Ukuran panjang dan lebar<br />braktea pada 18 aksesi kapas bervariasi antar aksesi dan masing-masing<br />berkorelasi positif dengan luas (R 2 = 0,876; R 2 = 0,894). Hasil penelitian<br />ini dapat dimanfaatkan dalam merakit varietas tahan hama, dan<br />kombinasinya dengan karakter-karakter morfologi kapas yang sudah ada<br />untuk menghasilkan varietas kapas baru dengan tingkat ketahanan yang<br />lebih tinggi terhadap hama penggerek buah H. armigera.<br />Katakunci : Braktea, Helicoverpa armigera, aksesi kapas, karakter<br />morfologi.</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Effects of bract size of several cotton accessions to<br />American bollworm injury level<br />Conventional  method  by  crossing  technique  based  on<br />morphological characters of plant is now still used in providing resistant<br />varieties of cotton against insect bollworms. A number of genetic<br />characters are now available and have been studying for their assosiation<br />with insect pests resistance such as hairiness, okra leaf, frego bract,<br />nectariless, and high gossypol. Regarding to boll damage by H. armigera,<br />it can be mentioned that there are many other morphological characters of<br />cotton attributable to bollworm damage, such as floral bract. As a part of<br />boll, it is estimated that bracts assosiated with bollworm attacked due to<br />their larger size compared with boll size. Objective of the study was to find<br />out the effect of bract size in relation to bollworm damage on cotton<br />accessions. The study was conducted at Experimental Station of<br />Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute in Asembagus,<br />Situbondo, East Java from January to December 2006. Eighteen of fifty<br />cotton accessions were used as treatment and they were arranged in<br />Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Five randomly<br />cotton plants from each accession and five young bolls were sampled<br />from the selected plant with about 4 cm of diameter were brought in the<br />laboratory to collect information on bract and boll sizes. Bollworm<br />damage was determined by counting the damaged bolls in the field as well<br />as the seed cotton yield. Result showed that bract size was positively<br />correlated with boll damage (R 2 = 0.9014). Higher damaged bolls occured<br />on bolls which is covered completely by bracts. There is variation between<br />length and wide size of bracts among cotton accessions and both showed<br />positive correlation to bract area (R 2 = 0.876; R 2 = 0.894). Based on this<br />study, higher resistance of cotton variety against H. armigera will<br />possiblly be provided through combination between bract size and any<br />other morphological characters of cotton.<br />Key words : Floral bract, Helicoverpa armigera, cotton accession,<br />morphological character</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
S.W. TUKIMIN ◽  
ELNA KARMAWATI

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) menghasilkan limbah dari biji<br />pada saat pemrosesan biji menjadi minyak kasar (JCO). Limbah ini berupa<br />bungkil yang dapat dimanfaatkan baik untuk pupuk organik maupun<br />untuk bahan pestisida nabati. Bahan kimia yang bersifat toksik terhadap<br />serangga dalam biji jarak pagar adalah phorbol ester dan curcin.<br />Keduanya terikat dalam minyak ketika pemrosesan dan efektif untuk<br />mengendalikan beberapa hama tanaman perkebunan setelah diformulasi.<br />Ternyata di dalam bungkil sebagai limbahnya masih tersisa kedua bahan<br />aktif tersebut, oleh sebab itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat<br />efektivitas formula ekstrak bungkil jarak pagar terhadap hama utama kapas<br />yaitu Helicoverpa armigera Hũbner. Penelitian dilaksanakan di<br />Laboratorium Entomologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat<br />(Balittas Malang) pada bulan April sampai Desember 2010 menggunakan<br />rancangan acak kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan (4 perlakuan konsentrasi<br />dan 2 kontrol) dan 4 ulangan. Biji jarak pagar yang digunakan merupakan<br />aksesi dari Sulawesi Selatan, Lampung, dan Jawa Timur. Bungkil<br />dimaserasi  menggunakan  pelarut  metanol,  kemudian  diformulasi<br />menggunakan detergen dengan konsentrasi 5, 10, 20, dan 40 ml ditambah<br />masing-masing 1 g detergen dalam 1 liter larutan. Aplikasi dilakukan dua<br />macam sebagai racun kontak dan racun pakan. Pengamatan dilakukan<br />terhadap mortalitas, berat pupa, dan peneluran serangga pada 24, 48, 72,<br />dan 120 jam setelah aplikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa urutan<br />efektivitas aksesi jarak pagar adalah Sulawesi Selatan, Lampung, dan Jawa<br />Timur yang ternyata berkorelasi positif dengan kandungan phorbol ester<br />yaitu 9,39; 6,64; dan 4,39 µg/ml. Tidak satu butirpun telur yang diletakkan<br />pada aplikasi 10 ml aksesi Sulsel + 1 g detergen/l larutan dan 20 ml aksesi<br />Jatim + 1 g detergen/l larutan.<br />Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L, curcin, phorbol ester, bungkil biji jarak<br />pagar, Helicoverpa armigera Hũbner, mortalitas, peneluran</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Effect of Jatropha cake oil on mortality and fertility of<br />Helicoverpa armigera Hũbner<br />Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) produces waste from its seeds<br />during seed processing into JCO. This waste (cake) can be further<br />processed into organic fertilizer and botanical pesticide. The toxic<br />chemicals for insect inside the seeds are phorbol ester and curcin. Both are<br />included in JCO during the process and those are effective to control estate<br />crops insect pests after being formulated. In fact same of those chemicals<br />still remain in the seeds cake, therefore, the objective of the research is to<br />find out the effectiveness of its formulation on Helicoverpa armigera<br />Hũbner, the main pest of cotton. The research was carried out at the<br />Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute, Malang from<br />April to December 2010, and the experiment was arranged using<br />Randomized Block Design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. The<br />materials used were three (3) accessions of jatropha from South Sulawesi,<br />Lampung, and East Java origins. Methanol was used for extracting the<br />chemicals, and then detergent was used for formulating 4 concentration<br />levels of : 5, 10, 20, and 40 ml/l + 1 g detergent each. The methods used<br />were contact and oral applications. The parameters observed were<br />mortality, pupae weight and fertility. It was revealed that the effectiveness<br />was positively correlated with phorbol ester contents i.e. 9.39, 6.64, and<br />4.39 µg/ml for South Sulawesi, Lampung, and East Java accessions,<br />respectively. There was no egg laid by female of H. armigera fed with<br />shoots and squares contaminated with bio-pesticides (10 and 20 ml/l of<br />South Sulawesi and East Java accessions).<br />Key words : Jatropha curcas L, curcin, phorbol ester, Jatropha seed cake<br />oil, Helicoverpa armigera Hũbner, mortality, fertility</p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Minal Faizin ◽  
Nadrawati Nadrawati ◽  
Edhi Turmudi

[THE INCIDENCE OF POD-BORER, Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) IN EIGHT MUNG BEAN VARIETIES (Vigna radiata L.) AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD]. Mung beans are an essential food crop in Indonesia, whose production is still increasing to meet domestic needs. However, the high attack of plant pests Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the leading causes of the low production of green beans. The use of superior varieties is one solution to controlling these pests. This study was conducted to test seven superior varieties of green beans, namely Vima 1, Vima 2, Vima 3, Murai, Kenari, Kutilang and Seriti and one local variety against M. testulalis. The study used a completely randomized block design and was repeated three times. The results showed that the mungbean varieties Vima 1, Vima 2, and Vima 3 had M. testulalis attack with the lowest level of seed damage in sequence, namely 5.84%, 7.94%, and 6.39%. Even though the percentage of pod borers attack did not significantly affect the growth of all Balitkabi superior varieties and one local variety of mungbean planted, the Kutilang variety was the highest yield with seed yield rates that were as low as other low-attack varieties.


Author(s):  
Nihad H. Mutlag ◽  
Ameer S. A. Al-Haddad

A field study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of four microbial insecticides viz. Beauveria bassiana; HaNPV (Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis virus); (Bacillus thuringiensisvar.kurstaki 2 gm/L); HaNPV+Bt; neem oil; neem cake and D.D.V.P EC 76% @0.05% at Research Farm SHIATS,Allahabad during rabi season of 2011-2012. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatment and replicated thrice. The observation larval populations of H. armigera were recorded one day before treatment was recorded at 3,7, and 10 days after treatments. The larva population of H. armigera appeared in the third week of February (8 the Standard week) and reached its peak of 14.65 larvae in first week of April and decline rapidly with maturation of crop. There was only one peak in the larval population observation in the 1st week. Bacillus thuringiensis was the most effective chemical by D.D.V.P.76%@0.05% . Among the microbial insecticides. HaNPV ,was the most effective followed by HaNPV+Bt and neem cake . The combination treatments were less effective than the individual treatment neem oil and B. bassiana were the least effective treatment in reducing the larval population of Heliverpa armigera.


2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rashid ◽  
Habib Ahmad Saeed . ◽  
Lal Hussain Akhtar . ◽  
Sabir Zameer Siddiqi . ◽  
Muhammad Arshad .

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