A DISPUTA SOBRE OS LIMITES ENTRE GUIANA FRANCESA E PORTUGUESA (1801-1817)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN CWIK
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
The West ◽  
La Paz ◽  
The North ◽  
Compensation Payment ◽  
Northern Cape ◽  
Portuguese Colonialism ◽  
First Time

O território do posterior estado de Amapá, pela primeira vez, foi delimitado pelos rá­os Oiapoque ao norte e o rio Paru ao ocidente, passando pelo Jari. No final do século XVII, novos ataques franceses ameaçaram a capitania hereditária de Cabo do Norte. O primeiro Tratado de Utrecht de 1713 obteve a completa renúncia francesa á s possessões na margem esquerda do rio Amazonas, no Estado do Maranhão. A nova linha divisória de Utrecht ficou controvertida até a paz de Viena em 1815. Para pagar uma indenização de guerra das laranjas á  França, Portugal reclamou pagamento de compensação e também o regulamento das fronteiras entre as Guianas. Em 1809, as tropas portuguesas ocuparam a Guiana Francesa e governaram a colônia até 1817. No Congreso de Viena, actas finales (Artigo 107) de 9 de junho de 1815, Portugal se compromete a restituir á  França a Guiana Francesa até o rio Oiapoque.Palavras-chave: Colonialismo Francês. Colonialismo Português. Guerras Napoleônicas. Invasão Portuguesa. Congresso de Viena 1814/15.  THE BORDER CONFLICT BETWEEN FRENCH GUIANA AND PORTUGUESE GUIANA (1801-1817) Abstract: The territory of the Brazilian state of Amapá was bounded for the first time by the rivers Oiapoque in the north, the Paru in the west, passing by the Jari. In the late XVIIth century, new French attacks threatened the hereditary captaincy of the Northern Cape. The first Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 included the full French renunciation of possessions on the left bank of the Amazon River in the state of Maranhão. The new dividing line of Utrecht was controversial until the Peace of Vienna in 1815. To pay compensation due to the War of the Oranges to France, Portugal demanded compensation payment and also the regulation of boundaries between the Guyanas. In 1809 Portuguese troops occupied French Guiana and rulled in the colony until 1817. At the Congress of Vienna, finales proceedings (Article 107) from June 9, 1815, Portugal agreed to give French Guiana back to France up until the Oiapoque river. Keywords: French Colonialism. Portuguese Colonialism. Napoleonic Wars. Portugues Invasion. Congress of Vienna 1814/15.  LA DISPUTA SOBRE LOS LáMITES ENTRE GUAYANA FRANCESA Y PORTUGUESA (1801-1817)Resumen: El territorio del estado brasileño de Amapá fue delimitada por primera vez por los rá­os Oiapoque al norte, el Paru al oeste, pasando   por el Jari. A finales del siglo XVII, los nuevos ataques franceses amenazaron la capitaná­a hereditaria del Cabo Norte. El primer tratado de Utrecht de 1713 obtuvo   la renuncia   francesa   a las posesiones en la orilla izquierda del rá­o Amazonas en el   Estado de Maranhão. La nueva lá­nea divisoria de Utrecht fue controvertida hasta la   paz de Viena en 1815. Para pagar una indemnización debido a la Guerra de las Naranjas a Francia,   Portugal exigió el pago de indemnización y también el reglamento de los lá­mites entre las Guyanas. En 1809 las tropas portuguesas ocuparon la Guayana Francesa y rigieron la colonia hasta 1817. En el Congreso de Viena, actas finales (artá­culo 107), de 9 de junio de 1815, Portugal se compromete restituir Francia a Guayana Francesa hasta el rá­o Oiapoque.Palabras clave: Colonialismo francés. Colonialismo portugués. Guerras napoleónicas. Invasión portuguesa. Congreso de Viena 1814/1815.  

On Occurrences of Riebeckite in Britain

1891 ◽  
Vol 9 (43) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grenville A. J. Cole
Keyword(s):  
British Isles ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

In the summer of 1890, in the company of Mr. L. W. Fulcher, I again visited Mynydd Mawr, on the west of the Snowdon area, in the hope of obtaining specimens of Riebeckite larger than those on which Mr. Harker and Professor Bonney based their observations in 1888, when they independently pointed out the occurrence of this mineral for the first time in the British Isles. Previous traverses of the dome-shaped mass had shown how uniform in structure and how minutely crystalline the rock of Mynydd Mawr was over all its surface; we accordingly examined the columnar cliffs on the north and west, paying especial attention to the great western hollow, where denudation allows one to stand almost in the centre of the intrusive neck. But even here we were somewhat disappoinied, and our specimens are only slightly coarser in grain than those studied with such striking results by Professor Bonney.

Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK: High Resolution Geophysical Surveys in the Surrounding Landscape, 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Darvill ◽  
Friedrich Lüth ◽  
Knut Rassmann ◽  
Andreas Fischer ◽  
Kay Winkelmann
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
First Time ◽  
Southern Section ◽  
Management Issues

An extensive high-resolution geophysical survey covering 2 km2was undertaken to the north of Stonehenge in June and October 2011. The survey is important in providing, for the first time, abundant detail on the form and structure of the Stonehenge Cursus, including the recognition of entrances in both of the long sides. Much additional information about the internal form of round barrows in the Cursus Round Barrow Cemetery, the course of the Avenue, the course of the so-called Gate Ditch, and numerous tracks and early roads crossing the landscape was recorded. A series of previously unrecognized features were identified: a pit-arc or cove below a barrow on the west side of King Barrow Ridge, a square-shaped feature surrounded by pits on the east side of Stonehenge Bottom, and a linear ditch on the same solstical axis, and parallel to, the southern section of the Stonehenge Avenue. An extensive scatter of small metallic anomalies marking the position of camping grounds associated with the Stonehenge Free Festival in the late 1970s and early 1980s raise interesting conservation and management issues.

scholarly journals Description of Antho (Plocamia) bremecae sp. nov. and checklist of Microcionidae (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from Burdwood Bank and neighboring areas, SW Atlantic Ocean 

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4312 (3) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCHEJTER LAURA ◽  
BERTOLINO MARCO ◽  
CALCINAI BARBARA
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
The West ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
The North ◽  
Sw Atlantic ◽  
Scotia Arc ◽  
First Time ◽  
Burdwood Bank

In this contribution, we describe a new Demospongiae species, Antho (Plocamia) bremecae sp. nov., from the west slope of Burdwood bank, a poorly studied region in the SW Atlantic Ocean. We also recorded for the first time in the region two other microcionid species, Clathria (Axosuberites) nidificata and Clathria (Microciona) antarctica. In addition, a regional checklist of Microcionidae from Burdwood Bank and neighboring areas, including Malvinas (Falkland) Islands, Tierra del Fuego Province and the North of the Scotia Arc (South Georgia and Shag Rocks) is provided. 

scholarly journals First record of the rare crab Asthenognathus atlanticus Monod, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) in the North Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Marco Faasse ◽  
Hendrik Gheerardyn ◽  
Rob Witbaard ◽  
Joël Cuperus
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
First Record ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Northward Expansion ◽  
First Time

Abstract Several species new to the area were collected while monitoring Dutch marine waters using a dredge. The varunid crab Asthenognathus atlanticus Monod, 1933 was recorded for the first time in the North Sea. Until 2008, this relatively rare crab was known from the west coast of Africa and the western Mediterranean to northern Brittany in the north. In recent years, its distribution range has expanded, as indicated by records from the Bay of the Seine and the area around Dieppe-Le Tréport. Our finding from Brown Bank (southern North Sea) indicates a further, northward expansion of its distribution range. We list the hosts with which the crab is associated. Earlier arguments for climate change as an explanation for the northward range expansion are supported.

The sedimentary record of the Alkinoos Harbour of ancient Corcyra (Corfu Island, Greece) – geoarchaeological evidence for rapid coastal changes induced by co-seismic uplift, tsunami inundation and human interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-246
Author(s):  
Claudia Finkler ◽  
Kalliopi Baika ◽  
Diamanto Rigakou ◽  
Garyfalia Metallinou ◽  
Peter Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The West ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Quay Wall ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
First Time

Ancient Corcyra (modern Kerkyra or Corfu) was an important harbour city and commercial centre since the Archaic period, also due to its geostrategic position on the trade routes between Greece and Italy or Sicily. Corcyra kept its status as one of the prevailing naval powers in the Mediterranean by means of a large naval fleet, needing appropriated harbour basins to be stored and repaired. At least two harbours are documented by historical records and associated archaeological remains, namely the Alkinoos and the Hyllaikos Harbours, both located on either side of a narrow isthmus to the north of the Analipsis Peninsula, where the ancient polis developed. Today, the ancient harbour basins are silted and overbuilt by modern urban infrastructure, concealing their overall extent and topography. The present study aims to reconstruct the complex palaeogeographies of the ancient Alkinoos harbour of Corcyra based on a multi-methodological palaeoenvironmental and geoarchaeological approach. The methods used include sedimentary, geochemical, microfaunal and geophysical investigations that were complemented by archaeological data and results from previous geoarchaeological research. Spatially, the study focusses on the area of the so-called Desylla site west of known Alkinoos Harbour sediments in the midst of the modern city of Corfu. These results were complemented by findings from two geomorphological key sites as well as archaeoseismological traces from the western part of the Analipsis Peninsula. At the Desylla site, we found sedimentary evidence of an Archaic pre-harbour, partly open to the Gulf of Corfu, which was the predecessor of a protected Classical harbour basin. This basin, in use between at least the 4th to 3rd cent. BC and the 1st cent. AD, was delimited to the west by a wall. It represents the central part of the Classical Alkinoos Harbour which was sedimentologically traced, for the first time, from the De- sylla site in the west to the Kokotou site in the east, where monumental shipsheds were unearthed during earlier archaeological excavations. Probably, the harbour zone extended even further to the east, where contemporaneous harbour deposits were found associated with the prominent quay wall at the Pierri and Arion sites. Our results show, that, apart from man-made interventions, Corcyra's palaeogeographical evolution is strongly linked to multiple impacts of extreme wave events in the form of tsunami inundation. At least four events (I–IV) are recorded in the natural geoarchives of the Analipsis Peninsula and its surroundings as well as the northern harbour zone of ancient Corcyra. In particular, these events happened between 5600 and 5200 cal BC (event I), after 3900 cal BC (event II), between the 4 th and 3 rd cent. BC (event III) and between the 3 rd and 6 th cent. AD, most likely at 365 AD (event IV). Ages of all events correlate well with ages of tsunami traces found on Sicily, the Greek mainland and other Ionian Islands. Tsunami events I and II led to massive environmental changes around the Analipsis Peninsula, while event III was associated to strong co-seismic uplift, leading to the abandonment of the harbour site at Pierri. Decreasing water depths by siltation of the Kokotou and Desylla sites, however, were redressed by dredging, giving rise to an extensive Roman re-use of the western part of the Alkinoos Harbour zone. Yet, both harbour sites were hit again by event IV filling the harbour basins by a thick sequence of event deposits.

Two new species and a new record of Spininola from China (Lepidoptera: Nolidae: Nolinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3547 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAN-QING HU ◽  
MIN WANG ◽  
HUI-LIN HAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
New Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Small Genus

The small genus Spininola was recently erected by László, Ronkay & Witt (2010) with the type species Nola loxoscia Hampson, 1900. They tabulated six species in the genus, S. loxoscia (Hampson, 1900), S. vesiculalis (Eecke, 1926), S. trilinea (Marumo, 1923), S. denticulata (Moore, 1888), S. fuscibasalis (Hampson, 1896) and S. armata László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010 from Thailand. The genus is distributed in eastern Asia, from Nepal and Sri Lanka in the west, to Japan in the north and Sumatra in the south. In our surveys, two new species were found and are described herein, and S. loxoscia (Hampson, 1900) is recorded for the first time from China (Fig. 1).

Present day bio-invasions in the Volga-Ural Region: from the South to the North or from the East to the West? Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Lower and Middle Volga

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4624 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-588
Author(s):  
VASILIY ANIKIN
Keyword(s):  
Ural Region ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Chestnut Leaf ◽  
First Time ◽  
Volga Ural Region

The occurrence of the invasive horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella, in the cities of Saratov and Samara in the Volga Region was recorded for the first time in 2018. Possible pathways of species penetration from the southern parts of European Russia are discussed. 

scholarly journals Art. VII.—On the Identification of Nagarahara, with reference to the Travels of Hiouen-Thsang

1881 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-207
Author(s):  
William Simpson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
The Right ◽  
Small Valley ◽  
Kabul River ◽  
The Way

On leaving for India to accompany the army into Afghanistan in 1878, Colonel Yule, among other hints of places of interest of an archæological character to be looked out for, mentioned Nagarahara, the capital of the Jelalabad Valley in the Buddhist period. In the time of Hiouen-Thsang the district bore the same name as the capital, and it had no king of its own, but belonged to Kapisa, a city situated somewhere in the direction of Kabul. The district of Nagarahara extended to about 600 Chinese Li, from east to west, which would be over 100 miles. This might reach from about Jugduluck to the Khyber, so that in this last direction it would thus border on Gandara, and on the other extremity would touch Kapisa, which was also the name of the district as well as the capital of that name. The Valley of Jelalabad is small in comparison to that of the province which formerly belonged to it. From Darunta on the west to Ali-Boghan on the east is fifteen miles, but, on the left bank of the Kabul River, the flat land of Kamah extends the valley on that side, about five or six miles further to the east. The termination of the Valley at this place is called Mirza Kheyl, a white rocky ridge comes down close to the river, and there are remains of Buddhist masonry on it, with caves in the cliff below. On the right bank opposite Mirza Kheyl is Girdi Kas, which lies in a small valley at the northern end of a mass of hills which terminates the Jelalabad Valley on that side at Ali-Boghan, separating it from the Chardeh Plain, which again extends as far as Basawul. I got a kind of bird's-eye view of this one day from a spur of the Sufaid Koh, 8,000 feet high, near to Gundumuck, and the Jelalabad Valley and the Chardeh Plain seemed to be all one, the hills at Girdi Kas appearing at this distance to be only a few slight mounds lying in the middle of this space, which would be altogether about 40 miles in extent. When in the Jelalabad Valley, the Girdi Kas hills are undoubtedly the eastern barrier, while the Siah Koh Range is the western. The Siah Koh Range trends to the south-west, and then turns due west, forming a distinct barrier on the north till it is lost at Jugduluck; there are only some low-lying ridges between Futteeabad and Gundumuck, but they are so small that it might be said to be a continuous valley all the way from Ali-Boghan to the plain of Ishpan. The eastern end of the Siah Koh Range terminates at Darunta, which is the north-west corner of the Jelalabad Valley. The Kabul River, instead of going round the extreme end of this range, has, by some curious freak, found a way through the rocky ridge so close to the extremity, that it leaves only what might be called one vertebra of this stony spine beyond. The river here has formed for itself a narrow gorge through perpendicular cliffs, in which it flows, from the district of Lughman, into the level plain of the Jelalabad Valley. The Surkhab pours down from the Sufaid Koh, starting close to Sikaram, the highest point of the range, which our surveyors found to be 15,600 feet above the sea. It passes over the western end of the Ishpan plain, towards the Siah Koh Range, and it then keeps to the contour of its base all the way to the Jelalabad Valley, and joins the Kabul River about two miles below Darunta.

scholarly journals A first faunistic study on the tribe Oniticellini Kolbe, 1905 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Baikunthapur Tropical Forest of the Himalayan foothills, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhankar Sarkar ◽  
Bhim Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
New Record ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
Scarab Beetle ◽  
The West ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
The North ◽  
Himalayan Foothills ◽  
First Time

Oniticellini Kolbe, 1905 is a paucispecific tribe of the scarab beetle subfamily Scarabaeinae. The tribe is composed of 256 described species worldwide, while from India, 26 species were recorded to date. Beetles belonging to this tribe are commonly known as paracoprid dung beetles and perform some remarkable ecological functions. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of knowledge on the occurrence of these beetles in the mega diverse tropical forests of the Himalayan foothills located in the north of the West Bengal state of India. A first faunistic account of the tribe Oniticellini Kolbe, 1905 from Baikunthapur Forest, located at the Himalayan foothills of the West Bengal state of India is presented. A total of five species of the tribe distributed over two genera Tiniocellus and Liatongus were recorded during multiple surveys of the scarab fauna of the Forest. All taxa were recorded for the first time from the area, while Tiniocellus spinipes (Roth, 1851) is a new record for the West Bengal State of India. Additionally, a preliminary checklist of Indian species of the tribe is also provided.

The retreat from Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa [Franz Josef Land]: the diary of Lieutenant Carl Weyprecht of the Austro-Hungarian north pole expedition, 20 May–3 September 1874

Polar Record ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-125
Author(s):  
William Barr
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
The West ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The North ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Ice Drift ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTHaving spent 21 months on board their icebound ship, Tegetthoff, adrift in the pack ice to the north of Novaya Zemlya, and having explored a substantial part of Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa [Franz Josef Land], to which the ice-drift had carried their ship, on 20 May 1874 the members of the Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition abandoned it and started south by sledge and boat. Progress was painfully slow, and for weeks involved repeatedly alternating between man hauling across floes and rowing or sailing across leads and polynyas. The expedition finally reached open water on 15 August and started rowing and sailing south along the west coast of Novaya Zemlya. They encountered two Russian fishing boats at Mys Britvin [Cape Britvin], just south of Matochkin Shar on 24 August, and the Austrians persuaded one of their captains to take them to Vardø in Northern Norway. They arrived there on 3 September and caught the mail steamer south to Hamburg. Apart from the engineer, Otto Krisch, who died of tuberculosis and scurvy and was buried on Ostrov Vilcheka [Wilczek Island], the remaining 24 members of the expedition returned home safely. The diary of one of the co-leaders of the expedition, Lieutenant Carl Weyprecht, covering the period of the retreat, is published here in English for the first time.

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