In 1997, a new curricular framework for vocational education and training (VET) schools — ‘learning fields' — was implemented in Germany. As a result, vocational curricula with their elements and contents had to relate to work and business processes and be described on the basis of competences. Regarding the German tradition of curricula, a paradigm shift can be observed, because earlier curricula were organised according to disciplines. In 1998, a pilot programme was launched which focused on ‘new learning concepts within the dual vocational education and training system’ and involved projects in the construction of learning fields, which were implemented in VET schools. These projects developed concepts for the empirical analysis of work processes or tasks and identified the competences required as a basis for curricula, in order to link qualification research with curriculum development. By analysing the different approaches, it became clear that an integration of the analysis of work and the transformation of the empirical results into curricula was necessary. This work also implies a model of competence development, because the focus of this VET research is ultimately teaching and learning practices in VET schools. Research in these areas has to be domain specific because it deals with the content and expertise in an occupational field and therefore requires an in-depth understanding of knowledge and skills in these fields.
Introduction of New Forms of Education in Modern Higher and Vocational Education and Training
