“The World Trade Organization and the Special Case of Child Laborers in the Global Economy”

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Richard J. Klonoski
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Case

scholarly journals The Tiger Awakens: The Tumultuous Transformation of India’s Patent System and the Rise of Indian Pharmaceutical Innovation

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Manufacturing

The first day of January 2005 marked a dramatic turning point in the history of India. By deliberately excluding pharmaceutical products from patent protection for the previous 34 years, India became a world leader in high-quality generic drug manufacturing. But India’s entry into the global economy at the end of the 20th century, as evidenced by membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO), compelled the nation to once again award patents on drugs. Moreover, India henceforth would have to apply internationally-accepted criteria for granting patents, and the term of its patents would have to extend twenty years beyond filing.

World Trade Organization and BRICS

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-92
Author(s):  
Martin Daunton
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
International Trade Organization ◽  
Second World

The World Trade Organization emerged from the Uruguay Round of 1986 to 1994 and covered development as well as trade—an ambition that had been attempted after the Second World War and the abortive attempt to create an International Trade Organization. Instead, a narrower General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade emerged. The failure of the International Trade Organization arose in part from the different ambitions of less developed or primary producing countries that were not acceptable to advanced industrial countries. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade faced continued pressure from the less developed countries, in particular from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development which put forward a different approach to the global economy and issues of distributive justice. This chapter explains the different approaches and the responses of the more advanced countries.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION IN COUNTERING THE GROWTH OF PROTECTIONISM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Viktoriia SIDLIAR
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Times

Introduction. The global economy has been shaken by a wave of protectionism, which has led to trade restrictions and a deterioration in world trade and GDP. The spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 has put the international community in a state of uncertainty and unpredictability, and world trade in a state of crisis due to a record rate of decline. Sharp confrontations in trade relations between world leaders have called into question the ability of international arbitrators, such as the WTO, to resolve trade disputes on the basis of existing rules and agreements reached. Today, WTO members recognize the need to reform the organization. The purpose of the article is to research the role of the World Trade Organization in countering the spread of protectionist policies and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. Modern tendencies of world trade and pragmatism of introduction of trade restrictions are considered. The key problems of the WTO institutional crisis are revealed and the need for its reform is determined. Conclusions. The WTO needs to be reformed in order to a more flexible structure that will better meet the demands of the times and perform its core functions more effectively, in particular, providing mechanisms for settling international trade disputes and developing and adopting world trade standards. Effective WTO reforms, the resumption of dialogue between members and the choice of achievable goals are the basis of a multilateral trading system that meets the needs of today’s digital economy and promotes economic growth. The result of WTO reforms should not be a new paradigm that is not based on trade liberalization, but the development of corrective tools that will support the benefits of this institution, meet current and future needs.

Regulating Global Commerce

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Global Commerce ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

Over the last half-century, the number of countries in the world has increased from 106 in 1950 to 195 in 2018 and technology has driven increases in the speed of business, global connectivity, and complexity. In this environment, it is no wonder that regulatory systems are challenged. The World Trade Organization, World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund were created to establish a framework for economic cooperation and development with the central theme of creating a stable and prosperous global economy. The goals of these organizations remain the same, but their work is constantly changing. The technologically driven disruption in economic models, the emergence of developing economies, and changing financial systems present an evolutionary environment that requires challenging solutions. The question for consideration is, are the world’s regulators up to the challenge?

WTO-Environment Synergy: Myth or Progressive Reality?

Think India ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-38
Author(s):  
Rohini Sen
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Trade And Environment ◽  
The World

Trade and environment have always been uncomfortable colleagues since the inception of the World Trade Organization and free trade. However, post the Singapore rounds in 1996, it is said that a new kind of free trade has emerged that is more conscientious and aware about environmental impacts and sustenance. While trade remains the primary objective, the WTO has taken it upon itself the task of striking a balance between liberalizing the integrated global economy and acting as a vanguard to precautionary and sustainable environmental principles. This article will look into the inter phase between trade and environment as witnessed under the pre and post WTO regimes and critically analyse judicial pronouncements and best practices to better understand this alliance.

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