scholarly journals The Inaugural Elijah B. Saunders Memorial Lecture: The Global Consequences of Hypertension and Related Disparities

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
George A. Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
And Control

<p>This inaugural memorial lecture provides an opportunity to celebrate the life of Elijah B. Saunders, MD, FACC and pays tribute to his pioneering spirit in the quest to advance health equity in the prevention and control of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. It also enables an assessment of the state of the global burden of hypertension and related disparities. Despite the remarkable biomedical research progress made over the last half-century, hypertension remains the leading risk factor for global disease burden and the major preventable contributor to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Additionally, disparities in hypertension-related morbidity and mortality remain pervasive worldwide. National hypertension control rates showing progress often mask important suboptimal treatment and control in population groups defined by sex, race, ethnicity, geography, and social and environmental determinants. Within these groups, many hypertension-related disparities remain largely unchanged while other gaps have widened. In essence, current research has been relatively ineffective in guiding largescale, sustained elimination of hypertension-related disparities. An important explanation for these observations may be the significant advances made in observational epidemiological research, especially in improved surveillance and data collection that document the extent of disparities in marked contrast to the relative paucity of interventional disparities research. The paucity of these interventional research studies remains a continuing challenge. The time has come for renewed efforts in building strategic partnerships that leverage transdisciplinary, multi-sectoral expertise to provide global leadership in interventional implementation research for hypertension control and elimination of related disparities. Developing an appropriately skilled implementation research workforce will be crucial. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and its biomedical research funding partners remain committed to a strategic agenda of implementation research, training, and education for the prevention and control of hypertension and elimination of related disparities. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2016;26(3):461-468; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.461 </p>

scholarly journals Research Progress on Coronavirus Prevention and Control in Animal-Source Foods

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 743-751
Author(s):  
Yi Gan ◽  
Fang Tan ◽  
Ruokun Yi ◽  
Xianrong Zhou ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Research Status of Pathogenesis of Pneumoconiosis and Dust Control Technology in Mine—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10313
Author(s):  
Guoming Liu ◽  
Qianqian Xu ◽  
Jipeng Zhao ◽  
Wen Nie ◽  
Qingkun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Dust Removal ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Dust Suppression ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Mine Dust ◽  
And Control

Pneumoconiosis has become one of the biggest threats to the occupational health and life safety of mining workers in China. The number of pneumoconiosis cases has continued to rise in recent years. The main task of occupational health development is to study the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis and to develop mine dust prevention and control technology. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research progress of coal worker pneumoconiosis and dust prevention and control in mines. Firstly, the research progress of coal worker pneumoconiosis is analyzed from the aspects of pathogenesis, animal model and pathological changes of coal worker pneumoconiosis. Then, the existing basic theory and technology of dust prevention are described, including ventilation and dust removal, spray and dust suppression, and chemical dust suppression methods. Finally, based on the dust removal theory of wet shotcrete, the progress of shotcrete dust control technology and equipment used for shotcrete is summarized from the aspects of shotcrete technology process and shotcrete materials. At the same time, in view of the shortcomings of the existing research, the next research prospect is given in the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis, intelligent dust prevention, jet spraying dust removal and so on. This paper provides theoretical support for realizing the separate source and efficient treatment of mine dust control and helps to improve the clean production level of mine, control and prevent pneumoconiosis.

scholarly journals A Review of Influencing Factors on Spatial Spread of COVID-19 Based on Geographical Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12182
Author(s):  
Zhixiang Xie ◽  
Rongqin Zhao ◽  
Minglei Ding ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 outbreak is a manifestation of the contradiction between man and land. Geography plays an important role in epidemic prevention and control with its cross-sectional characteristics and spatial perspective. Based on a systematic review of previous studies, this paper summarizes the research progress on factors influencing the spatial spread of COVID-19 from the research content and method and proposes the main development direction of geography in epidemic prevention and control research in the future. Overall, current studies have explored the factors influencing the epidemic spread on different scales, including global, national, regional and urban. Research methods are mainly composed of quantitative analysis. In addition to the traditional regression analysis and correlation analysis, the spatial lag model, the spatial error model, the geographically weighted regression model and the geographic detector have been widely used. The impact of natural environment and economic and social factors on the epidemic spread is mainly reflected in temperature, humidity, wind speed, air pollutants, population movement, economic development level and medical and health facilities. In the future, new technologies, new methods and new means should be used to reveal the driving mechanism of the epidemic spread in a specific geographical space, which is refined, multi-scale and systematic, with emphasis on exploring the factors influencing the epidemic spread from the perspective of spatial and behavioral interaction, and establish a spatial database platform that combines the information of residents’ cases, the natural environment and economic society. This is of great significance to further play the role of geography in epidemic prevention and control.

scholarly journals Research Capacity for Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases and Their Risk Factors in Nepal: Findings of a Needs Assessment Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Oli ◽  
Pranil MS Pradhan ◽  
Reshu A Sagtani ◽  
Archana Shrestha ◽  
Lindsay M. Jaacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
University Curricula ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Abstract BackgroundDespite a high burden, there is limited training available in non-communicable disease research in Nepal. In order to understand research capacity gap in non-communicable diseases in the country, we conducted a needs assessment. We aimed to assess existing research training capacity in academic health institutions of Nepal for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, identify gaps in research training in these institutions, and explore the feasibility of developing research training program in Nepal targeting non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. MethodsWe did qualitative and quantitative research and reviewed academic institution curricula review and scientific literature. We conducted 14 Focus Group Discussions with bachelor and Masters level students of public health and community medicine; 25 In-depth Interviews with department heads and faculties, and government stakeholders. We surveyed medical and public health students on their research knowledge and skills development. Further, we reviewed university curricula of bachelors in medicine and public health Masters in community medicine and public health. We also reviewed non-communicable disease related scientific articles authored by Nepali researchers. ResultsWe found that the research methodology component was addressed differently across academic programs. One-third (33.7%) of students expressed lack of skills for analysis and interpretation of data. They felt that there is a wide scope and career-interest in non-communicable diseases research in Nepal. However, specific objectives in the curriculum and practical aspects regarding non-communicable diseases were lacking. Most of the non-communicable diseases research in Nepal are prevalence studies. Most of the studies did not have any financial support. Lack of funding, conflicting priorities with curative services, and inadequate training for advanced research tools were reported as major barriers. Likewise, availability of trained human resources and international funding for non-communicable diseases research were perceived facilitators.ConclusionsNepal must strengthen the whole spectrum of research capacity: epidemiological skills, research management, and fund generation. University curricula should match up with the disease burden and must emphasize on applied practical research projects. Generation of a critical mass of non-communicable disease researchers must go together with improved funding from the government, non-governmental organizations, and external funding organizations.

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